Conectando un territorio: simulación de rutas de movilidad entre cazadores-recolectores y primeros cultivadores. El caso del Cauca medio (Macizo Volcánico, Colombia)

Mobility is one of the main characteristics of hunter-gatherers and early plant cultivators.Since the 90s, world-wide, mobility studies have made strong progress thanks to the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), involving travel-cost analysis and route modelling, and how these relate to resource accessibility, group interaction, and territoriality.This paper presents a simulation of mobility routes in the Middle Cauca, an Andean region located in the Colombian Macizo Volcánico (Cordillera Central), where there is a very complete sequence of preceramic occupations from the Late Pleistocene to the Middle Holocene.We use GIS to tackle this task, by means of cost analysis tools, specifically MADO analysis and least-cost paths generation. Results show a significant association between archaeological sites and potential routes, as well as a coherent and articulated mobility network.La movilidad es una de las principales características de los grupos cazadores-recolectores e incipientes cultivadores. A partir de los años 90 y a nivel global, los estudios sobre movilidad experimentan un fuerte avance gracias a la aplicación de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), con los análisis de los costes de desplazamiento y el modelado de rutas, así como la relación de estos elementos con el acceso a los recursos, la interacción entre grupos y la territorialidad. El presente artículo se basa en la simulación de rutas de movilidad en el Cauca medio, región andina localizada en el Macizo Volcánico colombiano (Cordillera Central), donde se cuenta con una secuencia muy completa de ocupaciones precerámicas entre el Pleistoceno final y el Holoceno medio. Esta tarea se ha abordado, en el marco de los SIG, mediante herramientas de análisis de costes, concretamente el análisis Modelo de Acumulación del Desplazamiento Óptimo desde un origen (MADO) y la generación de caminos óptimos. Los resultados muestran una asociación significativa entre yacimientos arqueológicos y rutas potenciales, así como una red de movilidad coherente y articulada

Geospatial characterization of archaeological sites in La Serena Region (Badajoz) by direct methods (DGPS): capturing and analyzing data

Trabajo presentado a la 38th Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA), celebrada en Granada (España) en abril de 2010.In this paper we assess the capacity of survey-grade GPS equipments to provide high resolution DEMs for archaeological analysis. Strengths and weaknesses of these methods are pointed out, and the importance of careful planning of capture and further analysis of information is stressed. Several archaeological sites from La Serena Region (Badajoz, Spain) are taken as case studies. We show the workflow from the acquisition of data in the field to the validation of surface models obtained with different interpolation methods. A key point is that the choice of one of the available options in GIS packages must be based on a rigorous estimation of error rather than on the search of a realistic or aesthetic appearance.Peer Reviewe

Archaeological History of a Fijian Island: Moturiki, Lomaiviti Group

Moturiki is one of the high islands in the Lomaiviti Group, central Fiji. In this article we present exhaustive empirical information on archaeological survey and test pit excavations carried out in 2008 and 2010. An interesting archaeological landscape emerged, with 89 archaeological sites found on Moturiki and neighboring islands Yanuca Levu, Leleuvia, and Caqalai. The sites include ring-ditch villages, terraced villages, isolated house mounds (yavus), and burial sites. Results from one of the test pits on the southeast of the island indicate possible landscape changes in the last millennium, since the ancient coastline is currently buried at around 1 m below the surface. This lowland area has therefore received large amounts of sediment from higher areas, a likely result of human activity. We also documented remains from a previously recorded Lapita site in the island. Overall, a shift in the settlement patterns from the coast, to the interior areas, back to the coast, has been documented. This shift, taking place on extremely small islands, can hardly be explained by environmental changes. The article puts together our findings and hypothesis, as well as providing the emphasis of our methodological approach

'Background noise' and landscape exploitation in the Late Iron Age Andalusian countryside

Proceeding of the international meeting Siena, Italy, May 25-27, 2007.In this paper we present the results from a survey carried out from 2000 to 2003 in the Guadiana Menor valley (Jaen province, Spain). The sampling strategy was designed to explore the presence of archaeological finds in very different landscape units, from the floodplains to the uncultivated slopes of the Cazorla massif. Field survey revealed very high contrasts in fi nd densities, suggesting different patterns of land use. On the valley floor we recorded a weak carpet-like pattern of sherds dating from the Iron Age to Roman times. Its distribution suggests intensive agricultural activities such as manuring in a context of increasing pressure on resources during the Romanization process. In the highland area, the much more scarce evidence seems to be connected with pastoral activity, intensive farming of small valleys, and control over strategic mountain passes. We will here present methodological issues relating to the field survey and reliability problems raised by erosion and land use history of the study area.The work presented in this paper was developed in the framework of the research project ‘El Poblamiento Ibérico en el valle del Guadiana Menor. Una perspectiva desde la Arqueología del Paisaje’ (DGES-PB98/0775), led by Teresa Chapa Brunet.Peer Reviewe

IDEARQ: A Cultural Heritage SDI for archaeological research data in the Iberian Peninsula

Presentación realizada como parte de la mesa redonda "Where is Cultural Heritage in INSPIRE?". 21st Annual meeting of the European Association or Archaeologists. Glasgow, 2-5 de septiembre de 2015Although there is not a thorough implementation of Cultural Heritage within the INSPIRE Directive, it is included in the Protected Sites theme, therefore considered as reference data. IDEARQ is an interoperable archaeological SDI developed from the Cultural Heritage Application Schema (CHAS), a proposal that endeavors an adequate integration of Cultural Heritage data within INSPIRE. The data model proposed by the CHAS tries to integrate real-world cultural entities (archaeological sites, in this case) inside the INSPIRE Directive, left apart by the Protected Sites Data Specification that focuses only on the legal definition of the protected site. IDEARQ is a platform aimed at the dissemination of georeferenced archaeological data series of the Iberian Peninsula (mainly analytical as well as documentary), product of the research carried throughout many years within the archaeological research groups in the Institute of History of the Center for Social Sciences and Humanities CCHS of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). It has been jointly developed by the GIS Laboratory (uSIG) and the Landscape Archaeology and Remote Sensing Laboratory (LabTel) of CSIC. It provides OGC-compliant WMS based on the localization of archaeological sites, gathering data relative to the chronological and typological characterization of the sites and related information as a basis for the organization of substantiva research results. Nowadays, the platform includes data series on postpaleolithic rock art , radiocarbon dates and bibliography.Peer reviewe

The Yunclillos hoard (Toledo) and the flat axes hoards in the iberian peninsula: a chronological framework

La aparición en escena de un nuevo depósito compuesto por siete hachas planas en Yunclillos (Toledo) permite ampliar la escasa muestra de un tipo peculiar de utensilio, caracterizado por su gran tamaño y por su reducido perfil. Se analiza el fenómeno de los depósitos de hachas planas en la península ibérica y pese a la ausencia de un contexto arqueológico de referencia, la tipología y la composición elemental parecen indicar que los depósitos pueden corresponder a un momento inicial de la Edad del Bronce.A new hoard with 7 flat axes found in Yunclillos (Toledo) offers a new perspective about a specific type of axe characterized by its long size and thin section. A reflection about flat axes hoarding in the Iberian Peninsula, most of them without archaeological context, let us propose an Early Bronze Age Chronology based on typological criteria and elemental composition.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad HAR2017–82685–RDiputación de Toled

The Yunclillos hoard (Toledo) and the flat axes hoards in the iberian peninsula: a chronological framework

La aparición en escena de un nuevo depósito compuesto por siete hachas planas en Yunclillos (Toledo) permite ampliar la escasa muestra de un tipo peculiar de utensilio, caracterizado por su gran tamaño y por su reducido perfil. Se analiza el fenómeno de los depósitos de hachas planas en la península ibérica y pese a la ausencia de un contexto arqueológico de referencia, la tipología y la composición elemental parecen indicar que los depósitos pueden corresponder a un momento inicial de la Edad del Bronce.A new hoard with 7 flat axes found in Yunclillos (Toledo) offers a new perspective about a specific type of axe characterized by its long size and thin section. A reflection about flat axes hoarding in the Iberian Peninsula, most of them without archaeological context, let us propose an Early Bronze Age Chronology based on typological criteria and elemental composition.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad HAR2017–82685–RDiputación de Toled

Production of potential land use maps using remote sensing data for landscape archaelogy research: protohistoric societies in the Guadiana Menor River Valley (Eastern Andalusia)

Trabajo presentado al VII Congreso Ibérico de Arqueometría (CIA): S4 "Prospección geofísica y teledetección", celebrado en Madrid del 8 al 10 de octubre de 2017.[ES]: Se presenta la elaboración, a partir de imagen Landsat e información geográfica auxiliar, de un mapa digital que muestre la distribución de los usos del suelo potenciales más adecuados para economías paleotécnicas. Dicho mapa está concebido para su utilización, mediante tecnología SIG, en análisis de arqueología del paisaje dirigidos al estudio de la ubicación de asentamientos pre y protohistóricos, como el análisis de captación económica. El procedimiento de elaboración consta de dos fases: elaboración de un mapa de cubiertas actuales a partir de la imagen de satélite y conversión de dicho mapa en otro de usos potenciales mediante la utilización de la información auxiliar. Dicho trabajo se enmarca en una investigación sobre la evolución de la sociedad protohistórica en el valle del Guadiana Menor (Andalucía oriental).[EN]: This paper presents the production, using Landsat image and ancillary geographic data, of a digital map that comprises the distribution of potential land uses that are more suitable for paleotechnic economies. This map is conceived to be used, through GIS technology, in landscape archaeology analyses devoted to the study of pre and protohistoric settlement location, like site catchment analysis. Production procedure has two stages: generating a map of current coverages using satellite images and transforming it into a potential land use map by means of ancillary data. This work belongs to the framework of an ongoing research about the evolution of protohistoric societies in the Guadiana Menor valley (eastern Andalusia).Peer reviewe

Documentación sistémica del arte rupestre mediante el análisis espectral del escaneado 3D de las estaciones pintadas en Aragón, El caso concreto del abrigo de La Vacada (Castellote, Teruel) y el covacho del Plano del Pulido (Caspe, Zaragoza). España

[ES] El trabajo que se presenta a continuación, es una muestra de las utilidades de la herramienta de escáner láser 3D para los estudios sistemáticos de arte rupestre. Consiguiendo un modelado tridimensional de los paneles en el que se localizan las pinturas rupestres y analizando la variable intensidad emitida por el escáner (verde o rojo según instrumento utilizado). Éste análisis permite discriminar manchas de pigmento (pinturas rupestres), con alteraciones del panel. Lo que nos admite obtener, como es el caso, una mayor nitidez de los elementos compositivos que disponen la estación rupestre e incluso detectar figuras no visibles en la actualidad debido al deterioro. Suponiendo por tanto, un gran método de documentación sistémica del arte rupestre y promoviendo la recuperación de archivos de arte perdidos en la actualidad.[EN] The work that follows is a sample of the tool of 3D laser scanner for the systematic study of rock art. Getting a three-dimensional modeling of the panels that are located in the cave paintings and analyzing variable intensity emitted by the scanner (green or red depending on instrument used). This analysis allows us pigment spots (cave paintings), with alterations of the panel. What allows us to obtain, as is the case, greater sharpness of the compositional elements that have the rock station and detecting non-visible figures at present due to deterioration. Assuming therefore a method of systemic documentation of rock art and promoting the recovery of lost art today.Los autores expresan su agradecimiento al Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, institución que financia la beca FPI BES-2006-13892 y el proyecto de investigación adscrito a la misma.Sebastián López, M.; Uriarte González, A.; Angás Pajas, J.; Martínez-Bea, M. (2010). Documentación sistémica del arte rupestre mediante el análisis espectral del escaneado 3D de las estaciones pintadas en Aragón, El caso concreto del abrigo de La Vacada (Castellote, Teruel) y el covacho del Plano del Pulido (Caspe, Zaragoza). España. Virtual Archaeology Review. 1(1):123-127. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2010.5132OJS12312711ALMAGRO, M.; BELTRÁN, A. Y RIPOLL, E. (1956): Prehistoria del Bajo Aragón. Instituto de Estudios Turolenses. Zaragoza.BELTRÁN, A. (1968): Arte Rupestre Levantino. Monografías Arqueológicas IV. Universidad de Zaragoza. Zaragoza.BELTRÁN, A. (1993): Arte prehistórico en Aragón. Ibercaja. Zaragoza.BURILLO, F. Y PICAZO, J. (1981): "Nuevo hallazgo de pinturas levantinas en el barranco del Hocino de Chornas. Obón (Teruel)". Kalathos, 1: 75-91. Teruel.CAMPANA, S.; FRANCOVICH, R.; (2006): Laser Scanner e GPS. Paesaggi archeologici e tecnologie digitali 1. All'Insegna del Giglio. Firenze.CALVO, Mª. J. (1993): El arte rupestre postpaleolítico en Aragón. Tesis Doctoral (inédita). Universidad de Zaragoza.CHAPA BRUNET, T.(2000) :Nuevas Tendencias en el estudio del Arte Prehistórico http://www.cuevadelapileta.org/textos_archi vos/tendencias.htmDUNHAM, P. ; DEBEIR, O ; WARZÉE, N. ; GROENEN, M. Y ROSOUX, J. (2007) : "Numérisation 3D de la grotte d'El Castillo (Puente Viesgo). Documentation of the El Castillo (Puente Viesgo) cave using 3D scanning". En Pre-actas del Colloque Archéologie & Réalité Virtuelle: 69. 14, 15 y 16 de noviembre de 2007. Institut Ausonius-Pessac.HEINZ AND MARBS, (2001): The potential of non-contact close range laser scanners for Cultural heritage recording. CIPA 2001. Sypos, Potsdam.INSTITUTO GEOGRÁFICO NACIONAL (2001): "Trabajos topográficos en la cueva de Altamira". Boletín Informativo, Abril-Junio 2001.SCHULZ, T., INGENSAND, H., 2004: "Influencing Variables, Precision and Accuracy of Terrestrial Laser Scanners". En Proceedings of INGEO 2004 and FIG Regional Central and Eastern European Conference on Engineering Surveying, Bratislava, Slovakia, November 11-13, 2004.STAIGER, R., (2005): The Geometrical Quality of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Proceedings of Pharaohs to Geoinformatics FIG Working Week 2005 and GSDI-8 Cairo, Egypt, April 16-21, 2005.VICENT GARCÍA, J.M., MONTERO RUÍZ,I., RODRÍGUEZ ALCALDE, A.L., MARTÍNEZ NAVARRETE, M.I., CHAPA BURNET, T. (1996): Aplicación de la imagen multiespectral al estudio y conservación del arte rupestre postpaleolítico. Trabajos de Prehistoria. Vol. 53, nº 2. Madrid. pp.19-23 http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/tp.1996.v53.i2.390WASKLEWICZ ET AL. (2002): Terrestial 3D Lasser Scanning: A New Method for Recording Rock Art