Nigella sativa improves the carbon tetrachloride-induced lung damage in rats through repression of erk/akt pathway

Can, Muhammed İsmail (Aksaray, Yazar)The objective of this study was to examine whether Nigella sativa plays a protective role against the damage in the lung by administering carbon tetra-chloride (CCl4) to rats. Male Wistar albino (n=28, 8 weeks old) rats were divided into 4 groups: a) negative control: Normal water consuming group to which no CCl4 and N. sativa was administered; b) Positive control: Normal water consuming group to which no CCl4 was administered but N. sativa was administered; c) CCl4 Group: Normal water consuming and group to which CCl4 was administered (1.5 mL/kg, ip); d) N. sativa plus CCl4group: CCl4and N. sativa administered group (1.5 mL/kg, ip). Caspase-3, caspase -9, erk, akt protein syntheses were examined via Western blotting. Malondialdehyde determination in lung tissue was made using spectrophotometer. As a results, malondialdehyde amount was decreased in the CCl4 plus N. sativa group in comparison to CCl4 group whereas caspase-3, caspase-9 was increased and erk, akt had decreased. These results show that N. sativa protects the lung against oxidative damage

Comparison of the efficacy between bilateral proximal tubal occlusion and total salpingectomy on ovarian reserve and the cholinergic system: an experimental study

Background and aim: To compare the effects of bilateral proximal tubal occlusion and bilateral total salpingectomy on ovarian reserve and the cholinergic system via rat experiment. Materials and methods: Twenty-one adult female rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: G1 (n = 7), sham group; G2 (n = 7), bilateral total salpingectomy group; and G3 (n = 7), bilateral proximal tubal occlusion group. Four weeks later, the abdomen of the rats was opened. The right ovarian tissues were stored in 10% formaldehyde, whereas the left ovarian tissues were stored at –80 °C in aluminum foil. Serum samples were evaluated for antimullerian hormone. The right ovary was used for histological and immunoreactive examination, and the left ovary was used for tissue MDA analysis. Tissue samples were analyzed for MDA levels with spectrophotometric measurement, apoptosis with TUNEL staining, fibrosis score with Mason trichrome staining, ovarian reserve with HE staining, and cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 (CHRM1) level with immunoreactivity method. Results: Compared to G1 and G3, the number of corpus luteum with secondary follicles was significantly lower in G2, whereas the number of ovarian cysts and fibrosis and apoptosis scores increased significantly. The CHRM1 immunoreactivity was significantly lower in G2 than in G1 and G3. Conclusions: Compared to the bilateral proximal tubal occlusion performed by using bipolar cautery, bilateral total salpingectomy in rats leads to a significant damage in ovarian histopathology and the cholinergic system

Black cumin may be a potential drug for development of carbontetrachloride-induced lung damage in rats

The study examines whether Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) plays a protective role against the damage in the lung by administering carbontetrachloride (CCl4) to rats. 28 male Wistar albino (n=28, 8 weeks old) rats were used in the study. The rats divided into 4 groups according to their live weights. The groups were: (i) Negative Control (NC): Normal water consuming group to which no CCl4 and Black cumin (BC) is administered; (ii) Positive Control (PC): Normal water consuming group to which no CCl4 is administered but BC is administered; (iii) CCl4 Group: Normal water consuming and group to which CCl4 is administered (1.5 ml/kg live weight, ip); (iv) CCl4 + BC group: CCl4 and BC administered group (1.5 ml/kg live weight, ip). Tissue apoptotic index was examined via TUNEL method. MDA (malondialdehyde) determination in lung tissue was made using spectrophotometer. As a results, MDA amount decreased in the CCl4 + BC group (6,33 ± 1,54 nmol/g) in comparison to CCl4 group (8,66 ± 1,58 nmol/g) whereas it was observed in the CCl4+BC group (15,35 ± 0,21%) that the apoptotic index (TUNEL results) decreases in comparison with the CCl4 group (27,48 ± 0,28%) thus approaching normal values. DNA damage ratio decreased in the CCl4 + BC group in comparison to CCl4 group. These results show that BC plant protects the lung against oxidative damage. © Mattioli 1885

The effects of sclerotherapy with 5% trichloroacetic acid on the cyst diameter and ovarian tissue in the rat ovarian cyst model

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of only aspiration with aspiration and 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) application on ovarian cyst size and ovarian reserve. The ovarian cysts of 14 rats that were divided into two groups randomly were investigated after total salpingectomy procedure. G1 was the group of saline application after cyst aspiration, while in G2, after aspiration 5% TCA at half amount of aspiration volume was injected into the cyst and re-aspirated after five minutes. The abdomens of the rats were closed and re-explored after 1 month. The cyst diameters of the rats in each group were measured. Ovaries were removed for histopathological examination. There was no significant difference in cyst diameter in G1 before and after aspiration. In G2, there was a significant decrease in cyst size after TCA application. Ovarian follicle counts were not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, application of 5% TCA to the ovarian cysts for five minutes significantly reduces the cyst size.Impact Statement What is already known on this subject: Minimally invasive therapies come into prominence to avoid surgical complications and diminished fertility in the treatment of ovarian cysts. USG-guided aspiration and sclerosis has been reported as cost-efficient and effective treatment methods for localised benign cysts in other organs such as the thyroid, parathyroid, liver, kidney and spleen. It has been shown that sclerotherapy applied to infertile women with ovarian cysts reduces pelvic pain without affecting the number of follicles, term pregnancy and abortion rates, extracted oocytes, embryo quality or hormonal levels when compared to non-ovarian cystic infertile women. TCA is a chemical agent that is topically applied, not systemically absorptive, which causes denaturation of proteins and structural cell death, resulting in coagulation necrosis after chemical cauterisation. For this reason, we used 5% TCA to treat simple ovarian cysts on a rat model. What the results of this study add: In this experimental study, we showed that the application of 5% TCA into the cyst for five minutes – then aspirated – significantly reduced the size of the ovarian cysts. Five percent TCA application did not affect the ovarian reserve. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: Our study is original because of the fact that to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study about the use of 5% TCA in treatment of ovarian cysts in the literature

Yüksek yağ içerikli diyetle beslenmiş sıçanların karaciğer dokularının histokimyasal ve biyokimyasal incelenmesi

Objective: Hepatic steatosis is a common cause of liver disease and has become more prevalent recently. This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver tissue high fat diet (HFD)-induced steatosis in rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 16 male Wistar-albino rats (160 +/- 30 g in weight) were used and divided into two groups: The normal fed diet group fed with a standard diet and the HFD group fed with a HFD for 10 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the liver sections and blood from the heart underwent biochemical and histological investigations. The sections obtained from the liver were examined by light and electron-microscopy and the sections stained immunohistochemically to determine the iNOS activity. The antioxidant activities in liver samples and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG) levels in serum were measured. Results: Because of light-microscopy and electron-microscopic investigations, histopathological changes caused the steatosis were observed in the HFD group. The histopathological damage observed in the liver was confirmed biochemically with the increase in the ALT, AST, and TG levels. While the malondialdehyde activity increased, the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities decreased in the HFD group. iNOS enzyme activity increased in the HFD group. Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that steatosis developed in the liver tissue of rats fed with the HFD at 10 weeks and oxidative damage was triggered with the influence of inflammation and activation of the antioxidant defense system

Increased Circulatory Extrarenal 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Bilaterally Nephrectomized Rats

Background: Extrarenal 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25-D) locally produced by immune cells plays crucial roles in the regulation of the immune system. However, in vivo status of extrarenal 1,25-D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-D) in acute inflammatory conditions are unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the extrarenal 1,25-D level in circulation in bilaterally nephrectomized rats, induced by low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: Renal 1,25-D synthesis was terminated through bilateral nephrectomy in rats. The rats received intraperitoneal LPS (50 mu g/kg BW) three times and the experiment was ended 24 hours after nephrectomy. Serum 1,25-D, 25-D, calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin levels were measured and immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the sources of extrarenal 1,25-D synthesis. Results: Circulatory 1,25-D concentration remarkably increased in both LPS-treated and non-treated bilaterally nephrectomized rats. Elevated circulatory 1,25-D did not have hypercalcemic endocrinal effects. The increased 1,25-D level also resulted in a concurrent rapid and dramatic depletion of circulatory 25-D. Conclusion: Extrarenal 1,25-D could enter into the systemic circulation and, therefore, might have systemic effects besides its autocrine and paracrine functions.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [2140681]This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project Number: 2140681)

The effect of different doses of gallic acid to fatty liver disease in rats

the aim of study investigating of the effect in Different Doses of Gallic Acid to Fatty Liver Disease in Rat