Alkylation of isopropanol with ethanol over heterogeneous catalysts

The importance of synthesis of carbon-carbon bonds is reflected by the fact that Nobel Prizes in Chemistry have been given to this area: The Grignard reaction (1912), the Diels-Alder reaction (1950), the Witting reaction (1979), the olefin metathesis Y. Chauvin, R.H. Grubbs and R.R. Schrock (2005), the palladiumcatalyzed cross-coupling reactions to R. F. Heck, A. Suzuki, E. Negishi (2010). For the first time ever alkylation of isopropanol with ethanol was carried out over heterogeneous 0.2-1 wt.% Au and/or 0.02-0.3 wt. %Ni - containing catalysts without any sacrificial agents and/or presence of acidic/base additives. The catalyst containing 0.2 wt.% Au and 0.18 wt.% Ni supported on γ-Al2O3 was found to be the most selective in the cross-coupling route. Total selectivity of coupling products reached up to 70 %, conversion of the both initial alcohols was 50 %. Structural investigations of the Au, Ni - containing catalysts permitted to determine probable active sites peculiarities that provide effective one-pot alkylation of isopropanol with ethanol

DksA2, a zinc‐independent structural analog of the transcription factor DksA

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116380/1/feb2s0014579313001233-sup-mmc1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116380/2/feb2s0014579313001233.pd

Aromatization of propane: Techno-economic analysis by multiscale 'kinetics-to-process' simulation

This paper addresses the techno-economic analysis of the propane aromatization process, by adopting a novel kinetics-to-process approach. The recent interest in this technological route derives from the development of new third generation biorefinery concepts, in which, algal oil is subjected to catalytic hydrodeoxygenation processes for the production of (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) HRJ fuels. Beside biofuels, co-production of large amounts of propane is observed, which can be upgraded by a catalytic conversion to aromatics on zeolites. Kinetic studies of propane aromatization over H-ZSM-5 zeolite in a wide range of conversions are reported in the literature. Based on these results, a general kinetic model of propane aromatization has been developed. The revised kinetic scheme is then embedded in a process simulation, performed with the commercial code SimSci PRO/II by Schneider Electric. Basing on the process simulation and on available price assessments, a techno-economic analysis has been performed to show limits as well as potentialities of the proposed layout

Combined Сonversion of Ethanol and Vegetable Oils to Hydrocarbons

International audienc

Activity and Structure of Nano-Sized Cobalt-Containing Systems for the Conversion of Lignin and Fuel Oil to Synthesis Gas and Hydrocarbons in a Microwave-Assisted Plasma Catalytic Process

In this study, we present the results of lignin and fuel oil conversion to hydrogen, synthesis gas, and liquid hydrocarbons in the presence of nano-sized cobalt-containing systems in a microwave-assisted plasma catalytic process. The deposition of a small amount of cobalt on lignin increases its microwave absorption capacity and provides plasma generation in the reaction zone. The role of Co-containing particles in the above catalytic reactions is probably to activate the carbon bonds of lignin, which substantially increases the microwave absorption capacity of the system as a whole. The subsequent use of the cobalt-containing residue of lignin conversion as a catalytic system and MWI-absorbing material results in active fuel oil pyrolysis in a plasma catalytic process to afford gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons. In the plasma catalytic pyrolysis, fuel oil conversion is probably accompanied by the conversion of the organic matter of the residue and agglomeration of cobalt oxide particles

The Direct Ethanol Conversion to Hydrocarbons over Pt- Containing Catalysts

International audienc