Probabilistic studies with Eject! for Matlab

The program "Eject!" calculates the trajectories of ballistic projectiles from volcanic eruptions (Mastin, 2001; 2011). The code was originally written in Visual Basic, which we have now translated into an editable Matlab procedure (Strehlow et al., 2017). Input parameters used here are exemplary for the case of Ruapehu volcano, but can be adapted to any specific case. Additionally, we have written a short script that compares the flight trajectory to the topography of the volcano to determine the flight distance

Eject! for Matlab

The program "Eject!" calculates the trajectories of ballistic projectiles from volcanic eruptions (Mastin, 2001; 2011). The code was originally written in Visual Basic, which we have now translated into an editable Matlab procedure (Strehlow et al., 2017). Input parameters used here are exemplary for the case of Ruapehu volcano, but can be adapted to any specific case. Additionally, we have written a short script that compares the flight trajectory to the topography of the volcano to determine the flight distance

Laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer: our experience, a comparison with the open approach and a review of the literature.

Backgrounds: The incidence of perforated peptic ulcers has decreased during the last decades but the optimal treatment for these patients remains controversial. At the same time, a laparoscopic approach to this condition has been adopted by an increased number of surgeons. Therefore, this study wants to evaluate the postoperative results of the laparoscopic treatment of perforated peptic ulcer performed in one Italian center with extensive experience in laparoscopic surgery. Methods: This retrospective study includes 94 patients who were operated for perforated peptic ulcer peritonitis at “St. Orsola Hospital - Emergency Surgery Unit - University of Bologna” from May 2014 to December 2019. The patients’ charts were reviewed for demographics, surgical procedure, complications, and short-term outcomes. Results: The diagnosis was made clinically and confirmed by the presence of gas under diaphragm on abdominal X-ray. All patients underwent primary suture repair with or without omentopexy. Boey score 0 or 1 was found in 66 (70%) patients, Boey 2 or 3 in 28 (30%) patients. The operative time was between 35 and 255 minutes, with a mean of 93 minutes. The overall median hospital stay was 9.5 (1-60) days. Post-operative complications occurred in 19 (20%) patients and 18 (19%) patients died. Conclusions: Perforated peptic ulcer is a severe condition that requires early hospital admission and immediate surgery. Laparoscopy in experienced centers and for selected patients is safe, associated with optimal outcomes and should be the preferred approach

Laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer: Our experience, a comparison with the open approach and a review of the literature.

Background: The incidence of perforated peptic ulcers has decreased during the last decades but the optimal treatment for these patients remains controversial. At the same time, a laparoscopic approach to this condition has been adopted by an increased number of surgeons. Therefore, this study wants to evaluate the postoperative results of the laparoscopic treatment of perforated peptic ulcer performed in one Italian center with extensive experience in laparoscopic surgery. Methods: This retrospective study includes 94 patients who were operated for perforated peptic ulcer peritonitis at “St. Orsola Hospital - Emergency Surgery Unit - University of Bologna” from May 2014 to December 2019. The patients’ charts were reviewed for demographics, surgical procedure, complications, and short-term outcomes. Results: The diagnosis was made clinically and confi rmed by the presence of gas under diaphragm on abdominal X-ray. All patients underwent primary suture repair with or without omentopexy. Boey score 0 or 1 was found in 66 (70%) patients, Boey 2 or 3 in 28 (30%) patients. The operative time was between 35 and 255 minutes, with a mean of 93 minutes. The overall median hospital stay was 9.5 (1-60) days. Post-operative complications occurred in 19 (20%) patients and 18 (19%) patients died. Conclusions: Perforated peptic ulcer is a severe condition that requires early hospital admission and immediate surgery. Laparoscopy in experienced centers and for selected patients is safe, associated with optimal outcomes and should be the preferred approach

Considerações sobre a temática ambiental em Geografia.

This article is based on a bibliographic research about the evolution of the geographic think, since its institucionalization and consolidation of Geography as a Science up to the present days, highlighting the vision of the environmental theme implicit in this period. In this perspective, there are two distinct periods. The first one, the naturalist that lasted from the nineteenth century to the twentieth, when to nature it was designed an elevated material-economical value, the environmentalist from the middle of the twentieth century (the 50 and 60 decades), the second period to the present days when the deterioration of the environment reaches considerate levels of relevant social importanceEste artigo fundamenta-se em um resgate bibliográfico sobre a evolução do pensamento geográfico, desde a institucionalização e consolidação da Ciência quando à natureza era designado um elevado valor econômico-material; o segundo período, ambientalista, de meados do século XX (décadas de 50/60) até a atualidade, quando a deterioração do meio ambiente atinge níveis preocupantes e de relevante importância social

Importance of earthquake rupture geometry on tsunami modelling: the Calabrian Arc subduction interface (Italy) case study

SUMMARY The behaviour of tsunami waves at any location depends on the local morphology of the coasts, the encountered bathymetric features, and the characteristics of the source. However, the importance of accurately modelling the geometric properties of the causative fault for simulations of seismically induced tsunamis is rarely addressed. In this work, we analyse the effects of using two different geometric models of the subduction interface of the Calabrian Arc (southern Italy, Ionian Sea) onto the simulated tsunamis: a detailed 3-D subduction interface obtained from the interpretation of a dense network of seismic reflection profiles, and a planar interface that roughly approximates the 3-D one. These models can be thought of as representing two end-members of the level of knowledge of fault geometry. We define three hypothetical earthquake ruptures of different magnitudes (Mw 7.5, 8.0, 8.5) on each geometry. The resulting tsunami impact is evaluated at the 50-m isobath in front of coastlines of the central and eastern Mediterranean. Our results show that the source geometry imprint is evident on the tsunami waveforms, as recorded at various distances and positions relative to the source. The absolute differences in maximum and minimum wave amplitudes locally exceed one metre, and the relative differences remain systematically above 20 per cent with peaks over 40 per cent. We also observe that tsunami energy directivity and focusing due to bathymetric waveguides take different paths depending on which fault is used. Although the differences increase with increasing earthquake magnitude, there is no simple rule to anticipate the different effects produced by these end-member models of the earthquake source. Our findings suggest that oversimplified source models may hinder our fundamental understanding of the tsunami impact and great care should be adopted when making simplistic assumptions regarding the appropriateness of the planar fault approximation in tsunami studies. We also remark that the geological and geophysical 3-D fault characterization remains a crucial and unavoidable step in tsunami hazard analyses

Effects of teaching-learning strategies: an essay on the responses of body responses in the tutorial scenario

Objective: to Describe the teaching strategies used by professors in the tutorial scenario. Method: this is a qualitative study conducted in a private university located in the mountainous region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The subject-objects of this study were sixteen students regularly enrolled in the first semester of 2012 and the analysis was performed according to the theoretical framework of Bardin. Results: we defined the following category: The effects of teaching strategies in the learning body. It is about the effects on the bodies of the students from teaching strategies used in the tutorial scenario. Conclusion: we conclude that in terms of ways of teaching, students bring as fundamental the characteristics of knowing how to do, which are tied to the professor's life experiences, the discovery of singularities, strengths and weaknesses of students, and also the use of drawings

Handbook on tsunami hazards and damage scenarios

The handbook is one of the products of the SCHEMA project (FP 6 Space priority) and has been conceived to illustrate the basic concepts and methods that have been elaborated and applied in the project to produce tsunami scenarios in view of providing tools to assess hazard and potential damage resulting from tsunamis. One of the main objectives was the elaboration of a general methodology that can be used in all possible cases and that can be adapted easily to the needs of the end users, i.e. chiefly the public administrators responsible for planning of the coastal zone development and protection strategies as well as people and organisations involved in disasters management and mitigation policies. It is for these reasons, that the SCHEMA methodology has been applied to five test sites (Rabat, Morocco; Setúbal, Portugal; Mandelieu, France; Catania, Italy; Balchik, Bulgaria) that differ very much from one another, so proving that it is suitable for a quite large variety of cases, and that it has been tested with the active involvement of the end users, so ensuring that it will provide practical and useful tools and it is flexible enough to cover local needs.JRC.DG.G.7-Traceability and vulnerability assessmen