Vicent Martines, Els cavallers literaris. Assaig sobre literatura cavalleresca catalana medieval.

Sin resume

La preparación física en deportes de situación : El caso de Bolivia respecto de Argentina

La siguiente ponencia tiene como objetivo mostrar algunas diferencias entre la preparación física dentro del deporte boliviano (La Paz, más específicamente) en comparación con la preparación física en Argentina, principalmente en el tenis y el fútbol. La exposición demostrará datos estadísticos que demuestren estas diferencias (testeos, evaluaciones), hablaremos sobre las condiciones socioeconómicas de cada país, la idiosincrasia respecto del deporte de cada uno, además de videos explicativos y de ejercicios que pondrán en evidencias dichas diferencias. El tipo de preparación física del que se hablará es sobre los de deportes acíclicos, deportes de situación. Una explicación general al respecto, conceptos generales y específicos sobre los contenidos que consideramos importantes aplicar en este tipo de deportes, por el poco tiempo y disponibilidad que tenemos los preparadores físico

Carbon materials as template for the preparation of mixed oxides with controlled morphology

Resumen del libro de actas del Congreso: 5th Czech-Italian-Spanish Conference on Molecular Sieves and Catalysis, celebrado en Segovia del 16 al 19 de junio de 2013Bulk mixed oxide catalysts are widely used for many applications, such as catalysts for selective oxidation processes, electrocatalysts for fuel cells, gas sensors, and solid oxide electrolysers for the production of hydrogen. VPO (vanadium and phosphorous oxides) are one of the bulk mixed oxide materials which are of interest nowadays since they are active catalysts for saturated hydrocarbon activation. With the conventional synthesis procedures for preparing bulk mixed oxides is really difficult to control the morphology and the porous structure of these materials. In practice, there are just a few works about the synthesis of mixed oxide materials with controlled morphology. The aim of this work was to describe new approaches for the preparation of VPO mixed oxides materials with spherical morphology. A carbon material was prepared using cellulose as starting material by hydrothermal treatment with phosphoric acid at 200ºC and carbonized at 500ºC. SEM analysis showed that carbon spheres with diameter up to 0.5 m were prepared by this procedure. These phosphorous containing carbon material was impregnated with the appropriate amount of vanadium oxide species in order to obtain a monolayer of VOx species on the surface of the carbon materials following a procedure described previously (1). By this manner, a carbon supported VOx material with spherical morphology was obtained (VPO/Csph). The calcination of this material was optimized in order to obtain VPO spheres with diameter up to 1-2 m and with BET area values close to 100 m2/g. Figure 1 shows a SEM image of this sample (VPOsph). The presence of vanadium pyrophosphate phase, which has been described as the active phase of this catalytic system, was identified by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Thus, the chemical composition as well as the morphology and porous structure of these new spherical materials makes them quite promising as catalysts

Methanol dehydration on carbon-based acid catalysts

Methanol dehydration to produce dimethyl ether (DME) is an interesting process for the chemical industry since DME is an important intermediate and a promising clean alternative fuel for diesel engines. Pure or modified γ-aluminas (γ-Al2O3) and zeolites are often used as catalysts for this reaction. However, these materials usually yield non desirable hydrocarbons and undergo fast deactivation. In this work, we study the catalytic conversion of methanol over an acid carbon catalyst obtained by chemical activation of olive stone with H3PO4. A significant amount of phosphorus remains over the catalyst surface after the activation process, mostly in form of C-O-PO3 and C-PO3 groups, which provide the carbon a relatively high surface acidity and oxidation resistance. Methanol decomposition on this catalyst yields selectivities to DME higher than 82% at 623K and methanol conversion of 34%, under the operating conditions studied. The activated carbon catalytic activity and stability, under inert and oxidant atmospheres, as well as different regeneration procedures, were studied. In the absence of oxygen, the catalyst suffers a progressive deactivation by coke deposition on the active acid sites (Fig. 1). The presence of oxygen modifies the carbon surface chemistry, probably through oxygen spillover on the catalyst surface, where the availability of labile oxygen avoids catalyst deactivation. A reaction mechanism has been proposed where methanol dehydration seems to proceed through an Eley-Rideal mechanism, which assumes the adsorption of water and oxygen spillover on the acid active sites, avoiding coke deposition

Purification of Starch Granules from Arabidopsis Leaves and Determination of Granule-Bound Starch Synthase Activity

Starch constitutes the most important carbon reserve in plants and is composed of branched amylopectin and linear amylose. The latter is synthesized exclusively by the Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS, EC 2.4.1.21). Here we report a readily reproducible, specific and highly sensitive protocol, which includes the isolation of intact starch granules from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and the subsequent determination of GBSS activity. We have applied this method to study GBSS activity in diurnal cycles in vegetative growth and during the photoperiodic transition to flowering in Arabidopsis (Tenorio et al., 2003; Ortiz-Marchena et al., 2014).España,MINECO CSD2007-00057, BIO2008-02292, and BIO2011-28847-C02-00España, Junta de Andalucía P06-CVI-01450 and P08-AGR-0358

Active Ageing : case-management guidelines for social intervention

En el artículo se analizan las tendencias demográficas del envejecimiento de la población española, las necesidades sociales derivadas de las mismas y los recursos sociales disponibles para atenderlas, teniendo en cuenta la teoría del envejecimiento activo. Según los datos, el 17% de la población total es mayor de 65 años, y el 5% tiene más de ochenta. La independencia, autonomía, seguridad, pertenencia, competencia y relación social se consideran las principales necesidades de las personas mayores, ante las cuales los trabajadores sociales deberán enfocar su intervención desde la prevención del deterioro físico, psíquico y social; movilizando recursos sociales capaces de garantizar el mantenimiento de la independencia y el rol activo de los mayores. Uno de los modelos de intervención que mejor se adapta a estos objetivos es el de gestión de casos, porque permite poner a disposición de los usuarios la utilización del catálogo de prestaciones básicas de Servicios Sociales de Atención Primaria y ofrecer asesoramiento sobre otros recursos como los programas de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, cuya combinación permite completar la gestión de recursos desde una perspectiva existencialista y fenomenológica positiva y activa, orientando los proyectos vitales de los usuarios hacia un envejecimiento exitoso. Los beneficios que se obtienen con esta combinación son principalmente un aumento de la satisfacción vital, motivación, autoestima, estado de ánimo y percepción de la salud; y en definitiva, una mejora de la calidad de vida, lo que puede ayudar a prevenir y retrasar la dependencia, con el consiguiente ahorro para la Administración.This article provides an analysis of global trends in the ageing of the Spanish population that are based on demographic characteristics as well as social needs and social resources from the perspective of active aging. In Spain, the 22% of the population is aged 65 and over whereas 5% is aged over 80. Independence, autonomy, security, belonging, competence and social relationships are considered the principle requirements for the elderly. Social Work needs to concentrate on these necessities in order to prevent physical, psychological and social deterioration as well as to stimulate active aging. One of the most successful strategies that social workers should be promoting is the focus on social resources in order to achieve the above-mentioned objective using the “Case Management” model. The present article analyzes the catalogue of the basic benefits of “Primary Social Services” and “Life Learning Programs,” since this combination permits the complete management of facilities and basic equipment, along with counseling for positive and active life, using phenomenological and existentialist models. The vital projects are focused towards meeting the needs and promoting the personal empowerment of users. The results suggest that maintaining autonomy and activity with social resources increases life satisfaction, motivation, self-esteem, a better mood as well as a higher perception of health. Finally, all these factors contribute towards improving the quality of life of our elderly, delay dependence and thus offer budgetary savings for the Administration

Oxidation of activated carbons containing surface phosphorus functionalities

Activated carbons materials have attracted considerable attention because of their interesting application in many fields, such as catalysis, gas and liquid phase adsorption and gas and energy storage. However, the use of carbon materials in catalysis is limited since they would gasify to CO2 (or CO) in the presence of oxygen at relatively low temperatures. On the other hand, it has been shown that it is possible to prepare carbon materials with a relatively large amount of phosphorus on the carbon surface by chemical activation of lignocellulosic materials with phosphoric acid [1]. This activation method leads, in certain operation conditions, to the generation of phosphorus surface complexes in form of C-O-PO3, C-PO3 and C3PO groups, which present a very high thermal stability and confer to the carbons certain surface properties of great interest in heterogeneous catalysis applications, such as high oxidation resistance and surface acidity. The main purpose of the present work is to study the role of the phosphorus surface groups of these activated carbons on the carbon surface oxidation and reduction reactions. An extensive study of the oxidation evolution of the activated carbon surface has been carried out by subjecting the carbon to thermal treatments in oxidizing and inert conditions, using different techniques including temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for the characterization of the obtained carbons. It has been proved that phosphorus surface groups preferentially trap oxygen and are transformed from less to moreoxidized species prior to carbon gasification, even at low temperature. These experimental results evidence the role of phosphorus surface groups on the inhibition of carbon oxidation and gasification. The high capacity of these phosphorus species to be oxidized results in activated carbons with a high amount of oxygen surface groups of acidic character and relatively high thermal stability. The reduction and re-oxidation of the (phosphorus) surface groups have also been proved to be reversible through successive thermal treatments in oxidizing and inert conditions. The new surface sites generated during the reduction conditions (probably of C-PO type) may react with oxygen from air and regenerate the C–O–PO system, indicating the presence of redox sites on the surface of the activated carbon. These results open new and attractive possibilities for the use of these carbon materials as catalytic supports or as catalysts by themselves for reactions that take place under oxidizing conditions and at relatively high temperatures.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Generación de grupos superficiales oxigenados en carbones activados con H3PO4

Los carbones activados preparados mediante activación química de residuos lignocelulósicos con ácido fosfórico presentan, además de una elevada superficie específica, una química superficial muy particular debido a la presencia de grupos funcionales superficiales de fósforo, en forma de COPO3, CPO3 y C3P, que muestran una alta estabilidad química y térmica [1,2]. Estos grupos confieren a los carbones elevada resistencia a la oxidación y gran acidez superficial, convirtiéndolos en materiales muy interesantes para aplicaciones catalíticas. El interés de este trabajo radica en estudiar la posible modificación y regeneración de los grupos oxigenados superficiales de este tipo de carbones activos. Para ello, se ha sometido al carbón activo a ciclos de oxidación-reducción a distintas temperaturas de reacción.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech