Mind the (gender) gap: Gender, gender role types, and their effects on objective career success over time

Drawing on ideas by Pierre Bourdieu, this paper analyzes the effects of gender and gender role type (GRT) for objective career success (i.e., income) over time. Empirically, data from two cohorts of business school graduates were analyzed with mixed linear models. Gender and GRT, both perceived as career capital, progressively affect objective career success over time, with feminine GRT hampering objective career success for both sexes. Remaining results vary between the two cohorts: findings for the younger cohort deviate more strongly from the hypotheses derived

Consequences of voluntary job changes in Germany: A multilevel analysis for 1985-2013

Analyzing the development of the consequences of voluntary job changes in Germany between 1985 and 2013, the study focuses on income gains and job satisfaction increases. Drawing on arguments of the job-search literature on the one hand and the proliferation of choices on the other we investigate whether the returns of job changes have increased or decreased. Results show that income gains have decreased over time while the job satisfaction surplus has remained stable. We further conclude that in determining the outcomes of job changes over time, structural factors seem to be more important than individual ones

Individual skills in shared leadership teams

In the era of digital transformation an evolution takes place. Following this, new perspectives concerning leadership are required, especially in virtual teams. Shared Leadership is a promising leadership form to meet the challenges in a virtual team setting. Particularly, studies show that shared leadership increases performance, team creativity and innovative behavior. Moreover, the responsibility is distributed among several, not one individual. Nevertheless, it is unclear, which skills are needed in shared leadership teams and how they could be trained. Therefore, we develop a conceptual framework to pave the way for an empirical inquiry of the skills for and the role of shared leadership. Moreover, we encourage the discussion, whether the current leadership development is still viable and offer practical implications to develop shared leadership

Mind the (Gender) Gap. Gender, Gender Role Types, and Their Effects on Objective Career Success over Time

Drawing on ideas by Pierre Bourdieu, this paper analyzes the effects of gender and gender role type (GRT) for objective career success (i.e., income) over time. Empirically, data from two cohorts of business school graduates were analyzed with mixed linear models. Gender and GRT, both perceived as career capital, progressively affect objective career success over time, with feminine GRT hampering objective career success for both sexes. Remaining results vary between the two cohorts: findings for the younger cohort deviate more strongly from the hypotheses derived.objective career success, longitudinal study, Bourdieu

Consequences of voluntary job changes in Germany: A multilevel analysis for 1985-2013- NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Analyzing the development of the consequences of voluntary job changes in Germany between 1985 and 2013, the study focuses on income gains and job satisfaction increases. Drawing on arguments of the job-search literature on the one hand and the proliferation of choices on the other we investigate whether the returns of job changes have increased or decreased. Results show that income gains have decreased over time while the job satisfaction surplus has remained stable. We further conclude that in determining the outcomes of job changes over time, structural factors seem to be more important than individual ones

A quarter of a century of job transitions in Germany

By examining trends in intra-organizational and inter-organizational job transition probabilities among professional and managerial employees in Germany, we test the applicability of mainstream career theory to a specific context and challenge its implied change assumption. Drawing on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), we apply linear probability models to show the influence of time, economic cycle and age on the probability of job transitions between 1984 and 2010. Results indicate a slight negative trend in the frequency of job transitions during the analyzed time span, owing to a pronounced decrease in intra-organizational transitions, which is only partly offset by a comparatively weaker positive trend towards increased inter-organizational transitions. The latter is strongly influenced by fluctuations in the economic cycle. Finally, the probability of job transitions keeps declining steadily through the course of one's working life. In contrast to inter-organizational transitions, however, this age effect for intra-organizational transitions has decreased over time

Assessing the High-Temperature Deposit Formation of Paraffinic and Naphthenic Oil Blends Using the Oil Chute Method

Due to the demand for higher efficiency, gas engine designs are changing in that gas engine oils are exposed to higher thermal stress and face challenges regarding the prevention of deposits. In this work, the “oil chute” laboratory test was used to study the high-temperature deposit-formation tendency of various paraffinic and naphthenic base oil blends. The oil chute is a setup that circulates oil through two different temperature zones, the hot zone being a heated metal chute that triggers deposit formation. In addition, the thermo-oxidative stability of the oil blends was investigated using an artificial alteration method. The results showed that naphthenic base oils have the capability of substantially reducing high-temperature deposit formation. However, they tend to degrade faster under thermo-oxidative stress. Therefore, finding the right balance between paraffinic and naphthenic base oil components will allow the formulation of gas engine oils that provide the right properties to cope with the higher stress levels they are subjected to in modern gas engines

Zerstörungsfreie archäologische Prospektion des römischen Carnuntum : erste Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts „ArchPro Carnuntum“

Over the course of four years (2012–2015) the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archeology (LBI ArchPro), in collaboration with the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG) and on behalf of the provincial government of Lower Austria, has conducted the comprehensive, non-invasive archaeological prospection project entitled “ArchPro Carnuntum”. The purpose of this project has been to generate a basis for future archaeological research and the sustainable spatial planning and cultural heritage management in the area. By combining new information on buried archaeology using different aerial and ground-based archaeological prospection methods and a thorough archaeological interpretation of the combined data within the framework of a GIS environment, it was possible to document Carnuntum’s archaeological heritage, which is threatened by a dramatic increase in erosion and destruction through ploughing, infrastructure development and looting by treasure hunters. In total, an area covering eight square kilometres was explored at very high sampling resolution using magnetic prospection methods, while 2.5 square kilometres were mapped with ultra-high resolution ground-penetrating radar measurements. The results of the project and the spatio-temporal analysis and interpretation of the prospection data are presented here as a preliminary report