40 research outputs found

    SurVegE-logiciel pour le suivi de la végétation en parcelles permanentes

    Get PDF
    UniVegE, Clermont Auvergne University, conducts research relating to the characterization of natural and anthropized habitats, from plant bio-indicators, for the purpose of management and conservation. Since 2005, this work has been supplemented by research and expertise relating to the diagnosis and monitoring of natural areas on permanent plots and along transects, on behalf of environmental partners: Regional nature parks, Espaces Naturels Sensibles of the departement 63, Clermont-Auvergne metropole ... In this context 51 permanent plots have been set up in natural areas of the Massif central, territories of local authorities and/or protected areas. This experience made it possible to test new monitoring methods to concretely respond to managers’ questions and lead to the development of the SurVegE software.SurVegE (SURvey VEGetation Ecology) is an assistance software for the operator who manages natural areas. It allows, from floristic surveys carried out on bounded and geore­ferenced permanent plots, to characterize the floristic and ecological changes occurring between several years. The data analysis, integrated into the software and based on the values of benchmarks assigned to plant species, directly provides the comparative results quantified and illustrated, in the form of diagrams, figures and tables.We will present here some features of the software, taking as an example concrete cases of studies carried out in the field. The sites selected correspond to different types of habitats and have been the subject of either initial reports or comparative diachronic analyses.UniVegE, UniversitĂ© Clermont Auvergne, conduit des recherches qui ont trait Ă  la caractĂ©risation des habitats naturels et anthropisĂ©s, Ă  partir des bio-indicateurs vĂ©gĂ©taux, dans une finalitĂ© de gestion et de conservation. Depuis 2005, ces travaux ont Ă©tĂ© complĂ©tĂ©s par des recherches et expertises portant sur le diagnostic et le suivi d’espaces naturels sur des parcelles permanentes et le long de transects, pour le compte de partenaires de l’environnement : Parcs naturels rĂ©gionaux, Espaces Naturels Sensibles du dĂ©partement 63, Clermont-Auvergne mĂ©tropole
 Dans ce cadre 51 parcelles permanentes ont Ă©tĂ© mises en place dans des espaces naturels du Massif central, territoires de collectivitĂ©s territoriales et/ou aires protĂ©gĂ©es. Cette expĂ©rience a permis de tester de nouvelles mĂ©thodes de suivi pour rĂ©pondre concrĂštement aux questionnements des gestionnaires et dĂ©boucher sur l’élaboration du logiciel SurVegE.SurVegE (SURveillance VÉGĂ©tation Écologie) est un logiciel d’assistance Ă  l’opĂ©rateur gestionnaire d’espaces naturels. Il permet, Ă  partir de relevĂ©s floristiques effectuĂ©s sur des parcelles permanentes bornĂ©es et gĂ©orĂ©fĂ©rencĂ©es, de caractĂ©riser les changements floristiques et Ă©cologiques intervenus entre plusieurs annĂ©es. L’analyse des donnĂ©es, intĂ©grĂ©e dans le logiciel et basĂ©e sur des valeurs d’indices de rĂ©fĂ©rence affectĂ©s aux espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales, fournit directement les rĂ©sultats comparatifs chiffrĂ©s et illustrĂ©s, sous forme de diagrammes, figures et tableaux.Nous allons prĂ©senter ici certaines fonctionnalitĂ©s du logiciel en prenant comme exemple des cas concrets d’études menĂ©es sur le terrain. Les sites sĂ©lectionnĂ©s correspondent Ă  diffĂ©rents types d’habitats et ont fait l’objet soit d’états initiaux, soit d’analyses diachroniques comparatives

    Contribution to the survey of the heathlands of the french Massif central (habitats 4030 and 4060) : analysis of phytosociological data.

    Get PDF
    Based on a sample of 990 relevĂ©s of heathlands from the French Massif central, taken from the bibliography and from recent surveys in the field, the authors carry out a global analyses in MTC, CCA and DCA, then focus partial analyses on 675 relevĂ©s concerning montane and subalpine belt. The results of this revision lead to the characterization of 16 plant associations, including 5 new ones and 47 sub-units. The south and east of the Massif central, CĂ©vennes, Vivarais, Margeride, until now less well known, bring the largest batch of phytosociological novelties. These plant communities belong to 2 phytosociological classes (Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinietea microphylli and Calluno vulgaris-Ulicetea minoris) and 3 alliances including a new one, Genisto pilosae-Empetrion hermaphroditi all. nov. and Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion Braun-Blanq. 1926. The nomenclature and syntaxonomy of this last alliance are discussed and modified and a new suballiance is created inside it (Vaccinienion myrtillo-uliginosi suball. nov.). The studied communities differ mainly according to the climatic disparity, the altitudinal gradient, the geological substrate and the topography. They can be stable or be included in dynamic successions leading to wooded stages. The characterization of these communities contributes to the knowledge of the biogeographic and bioclimatic compartmentalization of the Massif central; it reflects differences linked to the importance of summer rainfall, between northwestern volcanic mountains under oceanic influence, internal massifs with a subcontinental character and southern border under mediterranean influence. Likewise an upper subalpine belt is confirmed in the few mountains which exceed 1600 m. The hierarchy of discriminating ecological variables for these communities, the description of their station conditions and their dynamic characterization within sylvo-pastoral spaces, provide elements for the management and conservation of the corresponding habitats of European interest, especially number 4030 and 4060.  À partir d’un Ă©chantillonnage initial de 990 relevĂ©s de landes du Massif central français, issu de la bibliographie et de recherches rĂ©centes sur le terrain, les auteurs rĂ©alisent une analyse globale puis des analyses partielles en MTC, CCA et DCA sur 675 relevĂ©s concernant les Ă©tages montagnard moyen et subalpin. Les rĂ©sultats de cette rĂ©vision conduisent Ă  la caractĂ©risation de seize associations vĂ©gĂ©tales dont cinq nouvelles et quarante-sept sous-unitĂ©s. Le sud et l’est du Massif central, CĂ©vennes, Vivarais, Margeride, jusqu’ici moins bien connus, apportent le plus grand lot de nouveautĂ©s phytosociologiques. Ces communautĂ©s appartiennent Ă  2 classes phytosociologiques (Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinietea microphylli et Calluno vulgaris-Ulicetea minoris) et 3 alliances dont le Genisto pilosae-Empetrion hermaphroditi all. nov. et le Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion Braun-Blanq. 1926. La nomenclature et la syntaxonomie de cette derniĂšre alliance sont discutĂ©es et modifiĂ©es et une sous-alliance nouvelle y est crĂ©Ă©e (Vaccinienion myrtillo-uliginosi suball. nov.). Les communautĂ©s Ă©tudiĂ©es se diffĂ©rencient principalement en fonction de la disparitĂ© climatique du Massif, le gradient altitudinal, le substrat gĂ©ologique et la topographie. Elles peuvent constituer des vĂ©gĂ©tations stables ou entrent dans des successions dynamiques conduisant Ă  des stades boisĂ©s. Leur caractĂ©risation contribue Ă  la connaissance de la compartimentation biogĂ©ographique et bioclimatique du Massif central, en rapport notamment avec les diffĂ©rences liĂ©es Ă  la pluviomĂ©trie estivale, entre montagnes volcaniques nord-occidentales sous influence ocĂ©anique, massifs internes au caractĂšre subcontinental et bordure mĂ©ridionale sous influence mĂ©diterranĂ©enne. De mĂȘme les vĂ©gĂ©tations Ă©tudiĂ©es confirment un Ă©tage subalpin supĂ©rieur dans les quelques massifs qui dĂ©passent 1600 m. La hiĂ©rarchisation des variables Ă©cologiques discriminantes pour ces vĂ©gĂ©tations, la description de leurs conditions stationnelles et leur caractĂ©risation dynamique au sein des espaces sylvo-pastoraux, donnent des Ă©lĂ©ments pour la gestion et la conservation des habitats d’intĂ©rĂȘt europĂ©ens correspondants, en particulier 4030 and 4060

    Les tourbiĂšres du haut bassin versant de la Loire (Massif central oriental)

    Get PDF
    À l’échelle du haut bassin versant de la Loire, les tourbiĂšres apparaissent gĂ©nĂ©ralement comme des Ă©cosystĂšmes marginaux du fait de leurs superficies modestes. Cependant, les 1 500 hectares du secteur Ă©tudiĂ© du Massif central oriental n’en prĂ©sentent pas moins une grande valeur patrimoniale qui s’exprime autant par l’originalitĂ© des communautĂ©s vĂ©gĂ©tales que ces tourbiĂšres abritent, que par la richesse de l’information palĂ©oenvironnementale qu’elles archivent. Jusqu’à la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’utilisation de ces milieux humides n’a jamais remis en cause leur pĂ©rennitĂ©. Depuis, leur exploitation Ă©conomique s’est intensifiĂ©e et a pris des formes trĂšs diverses : pacage, extraction de tourbe, valorisation touristique, captage de la ressource en eau
 Cette emprise humaine nouvelle entraĂźne des modifications souvent irrĂ©versibles du fonctionnement de ces hydrosystĂšmes, mais aussi parfois leur destruction pure et simple. La rĂ©gression des surfaces tourbeuses aboutit ainsi Ă  un appauvrissement du spectre biologique rĂ©gional et constitue une menace sĂ©rieuse pour les archives palĂ©oĂ©cologiques de l’histoire des paysages et des sociĂ©tĂ©s humaines qui les ont façonnĂ©es. Cette donnĂ©e nous semble devoir ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ©e dans une rĂ©flexion sur la gestion conservatoire des tourbiĂšres du Massif central oriental.In the upper Loire basin, mires generally appear as marginal ecosystems because of their limited surface area, and the lack of particular economic value. However, the 1.500 hectares of mires in the Eastern Massif central do in fact represent great heritage value, namely because of the quantities of palaeoenvironmental evidence they contain, as well as they originality and diversity of their flora. Until the World War II the traditional use consisted only in extensive grazing which didn’t damage the mires. But, for 30 years, the economic exploitation of these mires have combined various uses including more intensive grazing, peat extraction, tourism, captive water supply
 These uses modify these ecosystems, often irreversibly, as the affect the functioning of these hydrosystems. The reduction of the surface of these wetlands and the threats to their integrity have led local decision makers to define wetlands conservation policies

    Navigating the Future V: Marine Science for a Sustainable Future

    Get PDF
    Navigating the Future is a publication series produced by the European Marine Board providing future perspectives on marine science and technology in Europe. Navigating the Future V (NFV) highlights new knowledge obtained since Navigating the Future IV1 (2013). It is set within the framework of the 2015 Paris Agreement2 and builds on the scientific basis and recommendations of the IPCC reports3. NFV gives recommendations on the science required during the next decade to deliver the ocean we need to support a sustainable future. This will be important for the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development4 (2021 – 2030), the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals5 and the European Commission’s next framework programme, Horizon Europe6 (2021 - 2027). There is a growing need to strengthen the links between marine science, society and policy since we cannot properly manage what we do not know. In recent years, the ocean and seas have received new prominence in international agendas. To secure a safe planet a priority is the management of the ocean as a “common good for humanity”, which requires smarter observations to assess of the state of the ocean and predictions about how it may change in the future. The ocean is a three-dimensional space that needs to be managed over time (thus four-dimensional), and there is a need for management and conservation practices that integrate the structure and function of marine ecosystems into these four dimensions (Chapter 2). This includes understanding the dynamic spatial and temporal interplay between ocean physics, chemistry and biology. Multiple stressors including climate change, pollution and over-fishing affect the ocean and we need to better understand and predict their interactions and identify tipping points to decide on management priorities (Chapter 3). This should integrate our understanding of land-ocean-atmosphere processes and approaches to reducing impacts. An improved science base is also needed to help predict and minimize the impact of extreme events such as storm surges, heat waves, dynamic sea-floor processes and tsunamis (Chapter 4). New technologies, data handling and modelling approaches will help us to observe, understand and manage our use of the fourdimensional ocean and the effect of multiple stressors (Chapter 5). Addressing these issues requires a strategic, collective and holistic approach and we need to build a community of sustainability scientists that are able to provide evidence-based support to policy makers within the context of major societal challenges (Chapter 6). We outline new frontiers, knowledge gaps and recommendations needed to manage the ocean as a common good and to develop solutions for a sustainable future (Chapter 7). The governance of sustainability should be at the core of the marine research agenda through co-production and collaboration with stakeholders to identify priorities. There is need for a fully integrated scientific assessment of resilience strategies, associated trade-offs and underlying ethical concepts for the ocean, which should be incorporated into decision support frameworks that involve stakeholders from the outset. To allow the collection, processing and access to all data, a key priority is the development of a business model that ensures the long-term economic sustainability of ocean observations

    Archiving primary data: solutions for long-term studies

    Get PDF
    The recent trend for journals to require open access to primary data included in publications has been embraced by many biologists, but has caused apprehension amongst researchers engaged in long-term ecological and evolutionary studies. A worldwide survey of 73 principal investigators (Pls) with long-term studies revealed positive attitudes towards sharing data with the agreement or involvement of the PI, and 93% of PIs have historically shared data. Only 8% were in favor of uncontrolled, open access to primary data while 63% expressed serious concern. We present here their viewpoint on an issue that can have non-trivial scientific consequences. We discuss potential costs of public data archiving and provide possible solutions to meet the needs of journals and researchers

    Archiving Primary Data: Solutions for Long-Term Studies

    Full text link

    <scp>ReSurveyEurope</scp>: A database of resurveyed vegetation plots in Europe

    Get PDF
    AbstractAimsWe introduce ReSurveyEurope — a new data source of resurveyed vegetation plots in Europe, compiled by a collaborative network of vegetation scientists. We describe the scope of this initiative, provide an overview of currently available data, governance, data contribution rules, and accessibility. In addition, we outline further steps, including potential research questions.ResultsReSurveyEurope includes resurveyed vegetation plots from all habitats. Version 1.0 of ReSurveyEurope contains 283,135 observations (i.e., individual surveys of each plot) from 79,190 plots sampled in 449 independent resurvey projects. Of these, 62,139 (78%) are permanent plots, that is, marked in situ, or located with GPS, which allow for high spatial accuracy in resurvey. The remaining 17,051 (22%) plots are from studies in which plots from the initial survey could not be exactly relocated. Four data sets, which together account for 28,470 (36%) plots, provide only presence/absence information on plant species, while the remaining 50,720 (64%) plots contain abundance information (e.g., percentage cover or cover–abundance classes such as variants of the Braun‐Blanquet scale). The oldest plots were sampled in 1911 in the Swiss Alps, while most plots were sampled between 1950 and 2020.ConclusionsReSurveyEurope is a new resource to address a wide range of research questions on fine‐scale changes in European vegetation. The initiative is devoted to an inclusive and transparent governance and data usage approach, based on slightly adapted rules of the well‐established European Vegetation Archive (EVA). ReSurveyEurope data are ready for use, and proposals for analyses of the data set can be submitted at any time to the coordinators. Still, further data contributions are highly welcome.</jats:sec

    La dynamique des hauts-marais et les paramĂštres Ă©cologiques qui la contrĂŽlent : proposition d’un schĂ©ma fonctionnel et applications Ă  la conservation

    No full text
    Ecological constraints on Sphagnum bog development : a conceptual model for conservation. — Sphagnum bogs cover large continental areas and may play a major role as carbon sinks. They have also great biological, historical and paleoecological values. These features led to a large amount of research and publications, especially conceptual and numerical models in various scientific fields. Drawing on this literature, we propose an integrated conceptual model of bog functioning. The model is built on 8 basic assumptions acting at two scales : the ecosystem as a whole, the bog or mesotope and the microforms, the elementary systemic units. Five kinds of ecological constraints driving the ecosystem are defined too. Based on the assumptions, the constraints and bibliographical data, thresholds and positive and negative feedbacks are elucidated. The negative feedbacks controlling the development and homeostasis of the ecosystem are related to the balance between the vegetation which builds the peat body, the shape of the later and the water fluxes passing through it. The positive feedback allowing the establishment and the persistence of the ecosystem is related to peat moss engineering. Four positive feedback loops can stop the peat production, and lead to the destruction of the bog. Two loops are biological processes involving trees and blue moor grass (Molinia caerulea) which spread onto the bog. The two other loops are related to soil and shape disturbance and changes in production and degradation of the organic matter. The model is especially designed to help ecological monitoring and highlights the importance of an ecological diagnostic integrating plants, soil and water fluxes. Based on this model, action plans should focus on maintaining the negative feedbacks and the peat moss engineering while stopping the unfavourable other positive feedback loops.L’importance quantitative, le rĂŽle primordial dans le cycle du carbone et les valeurs biologiques, historiques et palĂ©oĂ©cologiques des hauts-marais ont suscitĂ© de nombreux travaux scientifiques s’intĂ©ressant aux processus naturels ayant lieu dans ces Ă©cosystĂšmes. A partir de l’analyse de la bibliographie, nous proposons un schĂ©ma fonctionnel de l’écosystĂšme. Ce schĂ©ma s’appuie sur 8 propriĂ©tĂ©s fondamentales, opĂ©rant Ă  deux Ă©chelles, l’écosystĂšme haut-marais et la microforme, unitĂ© fonctionnelle de base. ParallĂšlement 5 classes de paramĂštres Ă©cologiques contrĂŽlant la dynamique de l’écosystĂšme sont Ă©tablies. L’analyse conjointe des propriĂ©tĂ©s et des paramĂštres met en lumiĂšre des seuils et des boucles de rĂ©troactions qui dĂ©terminent le fonctionnement de l’écosystĂšme. Les principales boucles de rĂ©troaction nĂ©gative qui permettent la persistance de l’écosystĂšme se rĂ©fĂ©rent Ă  l’adĂ©quation entre les vĂ©gĂ©tations Ă  l’origine du tertre tourbeux, la forme de ce dernier, et le flux hydrique qui le traverse. La boucle positive conditionnant l’apparition, le dĂ©veloppement ou le maintien de l’écosystĂšme s’appuie sur l’ingĂ©nierie Ă©cologique des sphaignes. Quatre boucles de rĂ©troaction positive induisent l’arrĂȘt du fonctionnement et la destruction de l’édifice tourbeux ; deux sont d’origine biologique et correspondent respectivement Ă  l’invasion des ligneux arborescents ou Ă  celle de la molinie. Les deux autres font appel Ă  des processus de modification de la forme de l’édifice et des logiques de production et de dĂ©gradation de la matiĂšre organique. L’utilisation du schĂ©ma fonctionnel en terme de diagnostic Ă©cologique met en relief l’importance d’une approche intĂ©grant : les plantes, surtout les sphaignes ; le sol, par sa qualitĂ© et sa forme Ă  diffĂ©rentes Ă©chelles ; et l’eau. Les objectifs prioritaires en termes de conservation sont (1) le maintien ou la facilitation des boucles nĂ©gatives et celle, positive, d’ingĂ©nierie des sphaignes, (2) l’arrĂȘt des boucles positives dĂ©favorables au fonctionnement.Goubet Pierre, ThĂ©baud Gilles, PĂ©tel Gilles. La dynamique des hauts-marais et les paramĂštres Ă©cologiques qui la contrĂŽlent : proposition d’un schĂ©ma fonctionnel et applications Ă  la conservation. In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 61, n°2, 2006. pp. 101-116

    L'identification syntaxonomique dans les démarche de gestion et/ou restauration écologique en France : pour ou contre ?

    No full text
    International audienceUne « identification syntaxonomique » est une opĂ©ration rapportant les diffĂ©rentes vĂ©gĂ©tations prĂ©sentes dans une aire d’étude Ă  une identitĂ© syntaxonomique la plus prĂ©cise possible. L’identification syntaxonomique est omniprĂ©sente dans les dĂ©marches de gestion des espaces naturels et semi-naturels dans l’hexagone, depuis la gestion des sites Natura 2000 jusqu’à celle des Espaces naturels sensibles et des RĂ©serves Naturelles, et la demande de rĂ©alisation de cette opĂ©ration par les gestionnaires et porteurs de projets est croissante. Cette omniprĂ©sence apparaĂźt, de prime abord, entiĂšrement justifiĂ©e, car la vĂ©gĂ©tation est reconnue comme Ă©tant un trĂšs bon intĂ©grateur des conditions Ă©cologiques, Ă  mĂȘme d’apporter des informations (certes non exhaustives, mais capitales), non seulement sur la biodiversitĂ©, mais Ă©galement sur le fonctionnement Ă©cologique et sur les pressions subies par les biocĂ©noses. Malheureusement, les outils et connaissances Ă  disposition pour rĂ©aliser des identifications syntaxonomiques sont aujourd’hui en France insuffisants et inadaptĂ©s, et les pratiques actuelles sont grevĂ©es par une confusion majeure : elles utilisent comme seuls outils d’identification des listes d’espĂšces, qui sont des outils de description, non des outils d’identification autosuffisants. En consĂ©quence, dans les conditions actuelles en France, nous dĂ©fendons qu’il est souhaitable que les gestionnaires et maĂźtres d’ouvrage de projets de prĂ©servation/restauration Ă©vitent de faire appel Ă  des identifications syntaxonomiques. À plus long terme, il serait Ă©videmment souhaitable que les conditions soient rĂ©unies pour rendre possible la rĂ©alisation d’identifications syntaxonomiques rigoureuses dans les cadres susmentionnĂ©s. Pour cela, le travail d’établissement et de mise en accĂšs libre de bases de donnĂ©es phytosociologiques est un chantier qui, sans ĂȘtre Ă  lui seul suffisant, revĂȘt une importance capitale
    corecore