40 research outputs found
SurVegE-logiciel pour le suivi de la végétation en parcelles permanentes
UniVegE, Clermont Auvergne University, conducts research relating to the characterization of natural and anthropized habitats, from plant bio-indicators, for the purpose of management and conservation. Since 2005, this work has been supplemented by research and expertise relating to the diagnosis and monitoring of natural areas on permanent plots and along transects, on behalf of environmental partners: Regional nature parks, Espaces Naturels Sensibles of the departement 63, Clermont-Auvergne metropole ... In this context 51 permanent plots have been set up in natural areas of the Massif central, territories of local authorities and/or protected areas. This experience made it possible to test new monitoring methods to concretely respond to managersâ questions and lead to the development of the SurVegE software.SurVegE (SURvey VEGetation Ecology) is an assistance software for the operator who manages natural areas. It allows, from floristic surveys carried out on bounded and georeÂferenced permanent plots, to characterize the floristic and ecological changes occurring between several years. The data analysis, integrated into the software and based on the values of benchmarks assigned to plant species, directly provides the comparative results quantified and illustrated, in the form of diagrams, figures and tables.We will present here some features of the software, taking as an example concrete cases of studies carried out in the field. The sites selected correspond to different types of habitats and have been the subject of either initial reports or comparative diachronic analyses.UniVegE, UniversitĂ© Clermont Auvergne, conduit des recherches qui ont trait Ă la caractĂ©risation des habitats naturels et anthropisĂ©s, Ă partir des bio-indicateurs vĂ©gĂ©taux, dans une finalitĂ© de gestion et de conservation. Depuis 2005, ces travaux ont Ă©tĂ© complĂ©tĂ©s par des recherches et expertises portant sur le diagnostic et le suivi dâespaces naturels sur des parcelles permanentes et le long de transects, pour le compte de partenaires de lâenvironnement : Parcs naturels rĂ©gionaux, Espaces Naturels Sensibles du dĂ©partement 63, Clermont-Auvergne mĂ©tropole⊠Dans ce cadre 51 parcelles permanentes ont Ă©tĂ© mises en place dans des espaces naturels du Massif central, territoires de collectivitĂ©s territoriales et/ou aires protĂ©gĂ©es. Cette expĂ©rience a permis de tester de nouvelles mĂ©thodes de suivi pour rĂ©pondre concrĂštement aux questionnements des gestionnaires et dĂ©boucher sur lâĂ©laboration du logiciel SurVegE.SurVegE (SURveillance VĂGĂ©tation Ăcologie) est un logiciel dâassistance Ă lâopĂ©rateur gestionnaire dâespaces naturels. Il permet, Ă partir de relevĂ©s floristiques effectuĂ©s sur des parcelles permanentes bornĂ©es et gĂ©orĂ©fĂ©rencĂ©es, de caractĂ©riser les changements floristiques et Ă©cologiques intervenus entre plusieurs annĂ©es. Lâanalyse des donnĂ©es, intĂ©grĂ©e dans le logiciel et basĂ©e sur des valeurs dâindices de rĂ©fĂ©rence affectĂ©s aux espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales, fournit directement les rĂ©sultats comparatifs chiffrĂ©s et illustrĂ©s, sous forme de diagrammes, figures et tableaux.Nous allons prĂ©senter ici certaines fonctionnalitĂ©s du logiciel en prenant comme exemple des cas concrets dâĂ©tudes menĂ©es sur le terrain. Les sites sĂ©lectionnĂ©s correspondent Ă diffĂ©rents types dâhabitats et ont fait lâobjet soit dâĂ©tats initiaux, soit dâanalyses diachroniques comparatives
Contribution to the survey of the heathlands of the french Massif central (habitats 4030 and 4060) : analysis of phytosociological data.
Based on a sample of 990 relevés of heathlands from the French Massif central, taken from the bibliography and from recent surveys in the field, the authors carry out a global analyses in MTC, CCA and DCA, then focus partial analyses on 675 relevés concerning montane and subalpine belt. The results of this revision lead to the characterization of 16 plant associations, including 5 new ones and 47 sub-units. The south and east of the Massif central, Cévennes, Vivarais, Margeride, until now less well known, bring the largest batch of phytosociological novelties. These plant communities belong to 2 phytosociological classes (Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinietea microphylli and Calluno vulgaris-Ulicetea minoris) and 3 alliances including a new one, Genisto pilosae-Empetrion hermaphroditi all. nov. and Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion Braun-Blanq. 1926. The nomenclature and syntaxonomy of this last alliance are discussed and modified and a new suballiance is created inside it (Vaccinienion myrtillo-uliginosi suball. nov.). The studied communities differ mainly according to the climatic disparity, the altitudinal gradient, the geological substrate and the topography. They can be stable or be included in dynamic successions leading to wooded stages. The characterization of these communities contributes to the knowledge of the biogeographic and bioclimatic compartmentalization of the Massif central; it reflects differences linked to the importance of summer rainfall, between northwestern volcanic mountains under oceanic influence, internal massifs with a subcontinental character and southern border under mediterranean influence. Likewise an upper subalpine belt is confirmed in the few mountains which exceed 1600 m. The hierarchy of discriminating ecological variables for these communities, the description of their station conditions and their dynamic characterization within sylvo-pastoral spaces, provide elements for the management and conservation of the corresponding habitats of European interest, especially number 4030 and 4060.
 à partir dâun Ă©chantillonnage initial de 990 relevĂ©s de landes du Massif central français, issu de la bibliographie et de recherches rĂ©centes sur le terrain, les auteurs rĂ©alisent une analyse globale puis des analyses partielles en MTC, CCA et DCA sur 675 relevĂ©s concernant les Ă©tages montagnard moyen et subalpin. Les rĂ©sultats de cette rĂ©vision conduisent Ă la caractĂ©risation de seize associations vĂ©gĂ©tales dont cinq nouvelles et quarante-sept sous-unitĂ©s. Le sud et lâest du Massif central, CĂ©vennes, Vivarais, Margeride, jusquâici moins bien connus, apportent le plus grand lot de nouveautĂ©s phytosociologiques. Ces communautĂ©s appartiennent Ă 2 classes phytosociologiques (Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinietea microphylli et Calluno vulgaris-Ulicetea minoris) et 3 alliances dont le Genisto pilosae-Empetrion hermaphroditi all. nov. et le Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion Braun-Blanq. 1926. La nomenclature et la syntaxonomie de cette derniĂšre alliance sont discutĂ©es et modifiĂ©es et une sous-alliance nouvelle y est crĂ©Ă©e (Vaccinienion myrtillo-uliginosi suball. nov.). Les communautĂ©s Ă©tudiĂ©es se diffĂ©rencient principalement en fonction de la disparitĂ© climatique du Massif, le gradient altitudinal, le substrat gĂ©ologique et la topographie. Elles peuvent constituer des vĂ©gĂ©tations stables ou entrent dans des successions dynamiques conduisant Ă des stades boisĂ©s. Leur caractĂ©risation contribue Ă la connaissance de la compartimentation biogĂ©ographique et bioclimatique du Massif central, en rapport notamment avec les diffĂ©rences liĂ©es Ă la pluviomĂ©trie estivale, entre montagnes volcaniques nord-occidentales sous influence ocĂ©anique, massifs internes au caractĂšre subcontinental et bordure mĂ©ridionale sous influence mĂ©diterranĂ©enne. De mĂȘme les vĂ©gĂ©tations Ă©tudiĂ©es confirment un Ă©tage subalpin supĂ©rieur dans les quelques massifs qui dĂ©passent 1600 m. La hiĂ©rarchisation des variables Ă©cologiques discriminantes pour ces vĂ©gĂ©tations, la description de leurs conditions stationnelles et leur caractĂ©risation dynamique au sein des espaces sylvo-pastoraux, donnent des Ă©lĂ©ments pour la gestion et la conservation des habitats dâintĂ©rĂȘt europĂ©ens correspondants, en particulier 4030 and 4060
Les tourbiĂšres du haut bassin versant de la Loire (Massif central oriental)
Ă lâĂ©chelle du haut bassin versant de la Loire, les tourbiĂšres apparaissent gĂ©nĂ©ralement comme des Ă©cosystĂšmes marginaux du fait de leurs superficies modestes. Cependant, les 1 500 hectares du secteur Ă©tudiĂ© du Massif central oriental nâen prĂ©sentent pas moins une grande valeur patrimoniale qui sâexprime autant par lâoriginalitĂ© des communautĂ©s vĂ©gĂ©tales que ces tourbiĂšres abritent, que par la richesse de lâinformation palĂ©oenvironnementale quâelles archivent. JusquâĂ la Seconde Guerre mondiale, lâutilisation de ces milieux humides nâa jamais remis en cause leur pĂ©rennitĂ©. Depuis, leur exploitation Ă©conomique sâest intensifiĂ©e et a pris des formes trĂšs diverses : pacage, extraction de tourbe, valorisation touristique, captage de la ressource en eau⊠Cette emprise humaine nouvelle entraĂźne des modifications souvent irrĂ©versibles du fonctionnement de ces hydrosystĂšmes, mais aussi parfois leur destruction pure et simple. La rĂ©gression des surfaces tourbeuses aboutit ainsi Ă un appauvrissement du spectre biologique rĂ©gional et constitue une menace sĂ©rieuse pour les archives palĂ©oĂ©cologiques de lâhistoire des paysages et des sociĂ©tĂ©s humaines qui les ont façonnĂ©es. Cette donnĂ©e nous semble devoir ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ©e dans une rĂ©flexion sur la gestion conservatoire des tourbiĂšres du Massif central oriental.In the upper Loire basin, mires generally appear as marginal ecosystems because of their limited surface area, and the lack of particular economic value. However, the 1.500 hectares of mires in the Eastern Massif central do in fact represent great heritage value, namely because of the quantities of palaeoenvironmental evidence they contain, as well as they originality and diversity of their flora. Until the World War II the traditional use consisted only in extensive grazing which didnât damage the mires. But, for 30 years, the economic exploitation of these mires have combined various uses including more intensive grazing, peat extraction, tourism, captive water supply⊠These uses modify these ecosystems, often irreversibly, as the affect the functioning of these hydrosystems. The reduction of the surface of these wetlands and the threats to their integrity have led local decision makers to define wetlands conservation policies
Navigating the Future V: Marine Science for a Sustainable Future
Navigating the Future is a publication series produced by the European Marine Board providing future
perspectives on marine science and technology in Europe. Navigating the Future V (NFV) highlights new
knowledge obtained since Navigating the Future IV1 (2013). It is set within the framework of the 2015
Paris Agreement2 and builds on the scientific basis and recommendations of the IPCC reports3. NFV gives
recommendations on the science required during the next decade to deliver the ocean we need to support
a sustainable future. This will be important for the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable
Development4 (2021 â 2030), the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals5 and the
European Commissionâs next framework programme, Horizon Europe6 (2021 - 2027). There is a growing need
to strengthen the links between marine science, society and policy since we cannot properly manage what
we do not know.
In recent years, the ocean and seas have received new prominence in international agendas. To secure a
safe planet a priority is the management of the ocean as a âcommon good for humanityâ, which requires
smarter observations to assess of the state of the ocean and predictions about how it may change in the
future. The ocean is a three-dimensional space that needs to be managed over time (thus four-dimensional),
and there is a need for management and conservation practices that integrate the structure and function
of marine ecosystems into these four dimensions (Chapter 2). This includes understanding the dynamic
spatial and temporal interplay between ocean physics, chemistry and biology. Multiple stressors including
climate change, pollution and over-fishing affect the ocean and we need to better understand and predict
their interactions and identify tipping points to decide on management priorities (Chapter 3). This should
integrate our understanding of land-ocean-atmosphere processes and approaches to reducing impacts. An
improved science base is also needed to help predict and minimize the impact of extreme events such as
storm surges, heat waves, dynamic sea-floor processes and tsunamis (Chapter 4). New technologies, data
handling and modelling approaches will help us to observe, understand and manage our use of the fourdimensional
ocean and the effect of multiple stressors (Chapter 5).
Addressing these issues requires a strategic, collective and holistic approach and we need to build a
community of sustainability scientists that are able to provide evidence-based support to policy makers
within the context of major societal challenges (Chapter 6). We outline new frontiers, knowledge gaps and
recommendations needed to manage the ocean as a common good and to develop solutions for a sustainable
future (Chapter 7). The governance of sustainability should be at the core of the marine research agenda
through co-production and collaboration with stakeholders to identify priorities. There is need for a fully
integrated scientific assessment of resilience strategies, associated trade-offs and underlying ethical concepts
for the ocean, which should be incorporated into decision support frameworks that involve stakeholders from
the outset. To allow the collection, processing and access to all data, a key priority is the development of a
business model that ensures the long-term economic sustainability of ocean observations
Archiving primary data: solutions for long-term studies
The recent trend for journals to require open access to primary data included in publications has been embraced by many biologists, but has caused apprehension amongst researchers engaged in long-term ecological and evolutionary studies. A worldwide survey of 73 principal investigators (Pls) with long-term studies revealed positive attitudes towards sharing data with the agreement or involvement of the PI, and 93% of PIs have historically shared data. Only 8% were in favor of uncontrolled, open access to primary data while 63% expressed serious concern. We present here their viewpoint on an issue that can have non-trivial scientific consequences. We discuss potential costs of public data archiving and provide possible solutions to meet the needs of journals and researchers
<scp>ReSurveyEurope</scp>: A database of resurveyed vegetation plots in Europe
AbstractAimsWe introduce ReSurveyEurope â a new data source of resurveyed vegetation plots in Europe, compiled by a collaborative network of vegetation scientists. We describe the scope of this initiative, provide an overview of currently available data, governance, data contribution rules, and accessibility. In addition, we outline further steps, including potential research questions.ResultsReSurveyEurope includes resurveyed vegetation plots from all habitats. Version 1.0 of ReSurveyEurope contains 283,135 observations (i.e., individual surveys of each plot) from 79,190 plots sampled in 449 independent resurvey projects. Of these, 62,139 (78%) are permanent plots, that is, marked in situ, or located with GPS, which allow for high spatial accuracy in resurvey. The remaining 17,051 (22%) plots are from studies in which plots from the initial survey could not be exactly relocated. Four data sets, which together account for 28,470 (36%) plots, provide only presence/absence information on plant species, while the remaining 50,720 (64%) plots contain abundance information (e.g., percentage cover or coverâabundance classes such as variants of the BraunâBlanquet scale). The oldest plots were sampled in 1911 in the Swiss Alps, while most plots were sampled between 1950 and 2020.ConclusionsReSurveyEurope is a new resource to address a wide range of research questions on fineâscale changes in European vegetation. The initiative is devoted to an inclusive and transparent governance and data usage approach, based on slightly adapted rules of the wellâestablished European Vegetation Archive (EVA). ReSurveyEurope data are ready for use, and proposals for analyses of the data set can be submitted at any time to the coordinators. Still, further data contributions are highly welcome.</jats:sec
Contribution à une révision des végétations tourbeuses ombrotrophes et ombrominérotrophes medioeuropéennes
La dynamique des hauts-marais et les paramĂštres Ă©cologiques qui la contrĂŽlent : proposition dâun schĂ©ma fonctionnel et applications Ă la conservation
Ecological constraints on Sphagnum bog development : a conceptual model for conservation.
â Sphagnum bogs cover large continental areas and may play a major role as carbon sinks. They have also great biological, historical and paleoecological values. These features led to a large amount of research and publications, especially conceptual and numerical models in various scientific fields. Drawing on this literature, we propose an integrated conceptual model of bog functioning. The model is built on 8 basic assumptions acting at two scales : the ecosystem as a whole, the bog or mesotope and the microforms, the elementary systemic units. Five kinds of ecological constraints driving the ecosystem are defined too. Based on the assumptions, the constraints and bibliographical data, thresholds and positive and negative feedbacks are elucidated. The negative feedbacks controlling the development and homeostasis of the ecosystem are related to the balance between the vegetation which builds the peat body, the shape of the later and the water fluxes passing through it. The positive feedback allowing the establishment and the persistence of the ecosystem is related to peat moss engineering. Four positive feedback loops can stop the peat production, and lead to the destruction of the bog. Two loops are biological processes involving trees and blue moor grass (Molinia caerulea) which spread onto the bog. The two other loops are related to soil and shape disturbance and changes in production and degradation of the organic matter. The model is especially designed to help ecological monitoring and highlights the importance of an ecological diagnostic integrating plants, soil and water fluxes. Based on this model, action plans should focus on maintaining the negative feedbacks and the peat moss engineering while stopping the unfavourable other positive feedback loops.Lâimportance quantitative, le rĂŽle primordial dans le cycle du carbone et les valeurs biologiques, historiques et palĂ©oĂ©cologiques des hauts-marais ont suscitĂ© de nombreux travaux scientifiques sâintĂ©ressant aux processus naturels ayant lieu dans ces Ă©cosystĂšmes. A partir de lâanalyse de la bibliographie, nous proposons un schĂ©ma fonctionnel de lâĂ©cosystĂšme. Ce schĂ©ma sâappuie sur 8 propriĂ©tĂ©s fondamentales, opĂ©rant Ă deux Ă©chelles, lâĂ©cosystĂšme haut-marais et la microforme, unitĂ© fonctionnelle de base. ParallĂšlement 5 classes de paramĂštres Ă©cologiques contrĂŽlant la dynamique de lâĂ©cosystĂšme sont Ă©tablies. Lâanalyse conjointe des propriĂ©tĂ©s et des paramĂštres met en lumiĂšre des seuils et des boucles de rĂ©troactions qui dĂ©terminent le fonctionnement de lâĂ©cosystĂšme. Les principales boucles de rĂ©troaction nĂ©gative qui permettent la persistance de lâĂ©cosystĂšme se rĂ©fĂ©rent Ă lâadĂ©quation entre les vĂ©gĂ©tations Ă lâorigine du tertre tourbeux, la forme de ce dernier, et le flux hydrique qui le traverse. La boucle positive conditionnant lâapparition, le dĂ©veloppement ou le maintien de lâĂ©cosystĂšme sâappuie sur lâingĂ©nierie Ă©cologique des sphaignes. Quatre boucles de rĂ©troaction positive induisent lâarrĂȘt du fonctionnement et la destruction de lâĂ©difice tourbeux ; deux sont dâorigine biologique et correspondent respectivement Ă lâinvasion des ligneux arborescents ou Ă celle de la molinie. Les deux autres font appel Ă des processus de modification de la forme de lâĂ©difice et des logiques de production et de dĂ©gradation de la matiĂšre organique. Lâutilisation du schĂ©ma fonctionnel en terme de diagnostic Ă©cologique met en relief lâimportance dâune approche intĂ©grant : les plantes, surtout les sphaignes ; le sol, par sa qualitĂ© et sa forme Ă diffĂ©rentes Ă©chelles ; et lâeau. Les objectifs prioritaires en termes de conservation sont (1) le maintien ou la facilitation des boucles nĂ©gatives et celle, positive, dâingĂ©nierie des sphaignes, (2) lâarrĂȘt des boucles positives dĂ©favorables au fonctionnement.Goubet Pierre, ThĂ©baud Gilles, PĂ©tel Gilles. La dynamique des hauts-marais et les paramĂštres Ă©cologiques qui la contrĂŽlent : proposition dâun schĂ©ma fonctionnel et applications Ă la conservation. In: Revue d'Ăcologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 61, n°2, 2006. pp. 101-116
L'identification syntaxonomique dans les démarche de gestion et/ou restauration écologique en France : pour ou contre ?
International audienceUne «âidentification syntaxonomiqueâ» est une opĂ©ration rapportant les diffĂ©rentes vĂ©gĂ©tations prĂ©sentes dans une aire dâĂ©tude Ă une identitĂ© syntaxonomique la plus prĂ©cise possible. Lâidentification syntaxonomique est omniprĂ©sente dans les dĂ©marches de gestion des espaces naturels et semi-naturels dans lâhexagone, depuis la gestion des sites Natura 2000 jusquâĂ celle des Espaces naturels sensibles et des RĂ©serves Naturelles, et la demande de rĂ©alisation de cette opĂ©ration par les gestionnaires et porteurs de projets est croissante. Cette omniprĂ©sence apparaĂźt, de prime abord, entiĂšrement justifiĂ©e, car la vĂ©gĂ©tation est reconnue comme Ă©tant un trĂšs bon intĂ©grateur des conditions Ă©cologiques, Ă mĂȘme dâapporter des informations (certes non exhaustives, mais capitales), non seulement sur la biodiversitĂ©, mais Ă©galement sur le fonctionnement Ă©cologique et sur les pressions subies par les biocĂ©noses. Malheureusement, les outils et connaissances Ă disposition pour rĂ©aliser des identifications syntaxonomiques sont aujourdâhui en France insuffisants et inadaptĂ©s, et les pratiques actuelles sont grevĂ©es par une confusion majeureâ: elles utilisent comme seuls outils dâidentification des listes dâespĂšces, qui sont des outils de description, non des outils dâidentification autosuffisants. En consĂ©quence, dans les conditions actuelles en France, nous dĂ©fendons quâil est souhaitable que les gestionnaires et maĂźtres dâouvrage de projets de prĂ©servation/restauration Ă©vitent de faire appel Ă des identifications syntaxonomiques. Ă plus long terme, il serait Ă©videmment souhaitable que les conditions soient rĂ©unies pour rendre possible la rĂ©alisation dâidentifications syntaxonomiques rigoureuses dans les cadres susmentionnĂ©s. Pour cela, le travail dâĂ©tablissement et de mise en accĂšs libre de bases de donnĂ©es phytosociologiques est un chantier qui, sans ĂȘtre Ă lui seul suffisant, revĂȘt une importance capitale