Preparación de bioles orgánicos

Los biofertilizantes provienen de animales, restos vegetales, alimentos y otras fuentes orgánicas naturales, los bioles se están usando para sustituir a los fertilizantes químicos que son los que están dañando el medio ambiente. Con el uso de fertilizantes orgánicos estamos cuidando en medio ambiente, sin dañar nuestros suelos y sobre todo no contaminando los mantos acuíferos, de igual manera se está cuidando la salud humana ya que se producen alimentos libres de químicos. Con este manual estamos enseñando paso a paso como producir nuestros biofertilizantes con el fin de reducir o evitar el uso de fertilizantes químicos

Long-term follow-up and quality of life in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pulmonary embolism and cardiogenic shock

Background Since 2019, European guidelines recommend considering extracorporeal life support as salvage strategy for the treatment of acute high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) with circulatory collapse or cardiac arrest. However, data on long-term survival, quality of life (QoL) and cardiopulmonary function after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are lacking. Methods One hundred and nineteen patients with acute PE and severe cardiogenic shock or in need of mechanical resuscitation (CPR) received venoarterial or venovenous ECMO from 2007 to 2020. Long-term data were obtained from survivors by phone contact and personal interviews. Follow-up included a QoL analysis using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, echocardiography, pulmonary function testing and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Results The majority of patients (n = 80, 67%) were placed on ECMO during or after CPR with returned spontaneous circulation. Overall survival to hospital discharge was 45.4% (54/119). Nine patients died during follow-up. At a median follow-up of 54.5 months (25–73; 56 ± 38 months), 34 patients answered the QoL questionnaire. QoL differed largely and was slightly reduced compared to a German reference population (EQ5D5L index 0.7 ± 0.3 vs. 0.9 ± 0.04; p  < 0.01). 25 patients (73.5%) had no mobility limitations, 22 patients (65%) could handle their activities, while anxiety and depression were expressed by 10 patients (29.4%). Return-to-work status was 33.3% (average working hours: 36.2 ± 12.5 h/per week), 15 (45.4%) had retired from work early. 12 patients (35.3%) expressed limited exercise tolerance and dyspnea. 59% (20/34) received echocardiography and pulmonary function testing, 50% (17/34) cardiopulmonary exercise testing. No relevant impairment of right ventricular function and an only slightly reduced mean peak oxygen uptake (76.3% predicted) were noted. Conclusions Survivors from severe intractable PE in cardiogenic shock or even under CPR with ECMO seem to recover well with acceptable QoL and only minor cardiopulmonary limitations in the long term. To underline these results, further research with larger study cohorts must be obtained

Efecto del aprovechamiento forestal en la formación de madera en árboles remanentes de Abies religiosa

El manejo forestal puede modificar la estructura y la calidad de la madera. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de un aprovechamiento forestal sobre la formación de madera en árboles remanentes. En un bosque de Abies religiosa (oyamel) intervenido con un aclareo del 50 % de área basal durante 2014, se inventariaron 10 sitios de muestreo (1000 m2). Se analizaron mediante técnicas dendrocronológicas 80 núcleos de crecimiento provenientes de 40 árboles remanentes. Se evaluó la microdensidad y las características celulares de la madera tardía. Los anillos de crecimiento de Abies religiosa (oyamel) presentaron una buena delimitación entre madera temprana y madera tardía en la cronología de 90 años desarrollada. El aprovechamiento forestal incremento en 42,4 % el ancho de anillo; la microdensidad varió de 189 kg·m-3 a 417 kg·m-3 ( = 335 kg·m-3); las traqueidas presentaron una disminución de 8,02 % en el espesor de la pared celular y el diámetro del lumen aumento un 29,8 %. Se identificó una fila de canales traumáticos fechada en 2014, posiblemente relacionados con el estrés de la corta. Las modificaciones en la anatomía de la madera causaron una variación en la microdensidad de la madera, que repercute en la cuantificación volumétrica y de biomasa a nivel del rodal

A global observational analysis to understand changes in air quality during exceptionally low anthropogenic emission

This global study, which has been coordinated by the World Meteorological Organization Global Atmospheric Watch (WMO/GAW) programme, aims to understand the behaviour of key air pollutant species during the COVID-19 pandemic period of exceptionally low emissions across the globe. We investigated the effects of the differences in both emissions and regional and local meteorology in 2020 compared with the period 2015–2019. By adopting a globally consistent approach, this comprehensive observational analysis focuses on changes in air quality in and around cities across the globe for the following air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, PMC (coarse fraction of PM), NO2, SO2, NOx, CO, O3 and the total gaseous oxidant (OX = NO2 + O3) during the pre-lockdown, partial lockdown, full lockdown and two relaxation periods spanning from January to September 2020. The analysis is based on in situ ground-based air quality observations at over 540 traffic, background and rural stations, from 63 cities and covering 25 countries over seven geographical regions of the world. Anomalies in the air pollutant concentrations (increases or decreases during 2020 periods compared to equivalent 2015–2019 periods) were calculated and the possible effects of meteorological conditions were analysed by computing anomalies from ERA5 reanalyses and local observations for these periods. We observed a positive correlation between the reductions in NO2 and NOx concentrations and peoples’ mobility for most cities. A correlation between PMC and mobility changes was also seen for some Asian and South American cities. A clear signal was not observed for other pollutants, suggesting that sources besides vehicular emissions also substantially contributed to the change in air quality. As a global and regional overview of the changes in ambient concentrations of key air quality species, we observed decreases of up to about 70% in mean NO2 and between 30% and 40% in mean PM2.5 concentrations over 2020 full lockdown compared to the same period in 2015–2019. However, PM2.5 exhibited complex signals, even within the same region, with increases in some Spanish cities, attributed mainly to the long-range transport of African dust and/or biomass burning (corroborated with the analysis of NO2/CO ratio). Some Chinese cities showed similar increases in PM2.5 during the lockdown periods, but in this case, it was likely due to secondary PM formation. Changes in O3 concentrations were highly heterogeneous, with no overall change or small increases (as in the case of Europe), and positive anomalies of 25% and 30% in East Asia and South America, respectively, with Colombia showing the largest positive anomaly of ~70%. The SO2 anomalies were negative for 2020 compared to 2015–2019 (between ~25 to 60%) for all regions. For CO, negative anomalies were observed for all regions with the largest decrease for South America of up to ~40%. The NO2/CO ratio indicated that specific sites (such as those in Spanish cities) were affected by biomass burning plumes, which outweighed the NO2 decrease due to the general reduction in mobility (ratio of ~60%). Analysis of the total oxidant (OX = NO2 + O3) showed that primary NO2 emissions at urban locations were greater than the O3 production, whereas at background sites, OX was mostly driven by the regional contributions rather than local NO2 and O3 concentrations. The present study clearly highlights the importance of meteorology and episodic contributions (e.g., from dust, domestic, agricultural biomass burning and crop fertilizing) when analysing air quality in and around cities even during large emissions reductions. There is still the need to better understand how the chemical responses of secondary pollutants to emission change under complex meteorological conditions, along with climate change and socio-economic drivers may affect future air quality. The implications for regional and global policies are also significant, as our study clearly indicates that PM2.5 concentrations would not likely meet the World Health Organization guidelines in many parts of the world, despite the drastic reductions in mobility. Consequently, revisions of air quality regulation (e.g., the Gothenburg Protocol) with more ambitious targets that are specific to the different regions of the world may well be required.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

A global observational analysis to understand changes in air quality during exceptionally low anthropogenic emission conditions

This global study, which has been coordinated by the World Meteorological Organization Global Atmospheric Watch (WMO/GAW) programme, aims to understand the behaviour of key air pollutant species during the COVID-19 pandemic period of exceptionally low emissions across the globe. We investigated the effects of the differences in both emissions and regional and local meteorology in 2020 compared with the period 2015–2019. By adopting a globally consistent approach, this comprehensive observational analysis focuses on changes in air quality in and around cities across the globe for the following air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, PMC (coarse fraction of PM), NO2, SO2, NOx, CO, O3 and the total gaseous oxidant (OX = NO2 + O3) during the pre-lockdown, partial lockdown, full lockdown and two relaxation periods spanning from January to September 2020. The analysis is based on in situ ground-based air quality observations at over 540 traffic, background and rural stations, from 63 cities and covering 25 countries over seven geographical regions of the world. Anomalies in the air pollutant concentrations (increases or decreases during 2020 periods compared to equivalent 2015–2019 periods) were calculated and the possible effects of meteorological conditions were analysed by computing anomalies from ERA5 reanalyses and local observations for these periods. We observed a positive correlation between the reductions in NO2 and NOx concentrations and peoples’ mobility for most cities. A correlation between PMC and mobility changes was also seen for some Asian and South American cities. A clear signal was not observed for other pollutants, suggesting that sources besides vehicular emissions also substantially contributed to the change in air quality. As a global and regional overview of the changes in ambient concentrations of key air quality species, we observed decreases of up to about 70% in mean NO2 and between 30% and 40% in mean PM2.5 concentrations over 2020 full lockdown compared to the same period in 2015–2019. However, PM2.5 exhibited complex signals, even within the same region, with increases in some Spanish cities, attributed mainly to the long-range transport of African dust and/or biomass burning (corroborated with the analysis of NO2/CO ratio). Some Chinese cities showed similar increases in PM2.5 during the lockdown periods, but in this case, it was likely due to secondary PM formation. Changes in O3 concentrations were highly heterogeneous, with no overall change or small increases (as in the case of Europe), and positive anomalies of 25% and 30% in East Asia and South America, respectively, with Colombia showing the largest positive anomaly of ~70%. The SO2 anomalies were negative for 2020 compared to 2015–2019 (between ~25 to 60%) for all regions. For CO, negative anomalies were observed for all regions with the largest decrease for South America of up to ~40%. The NO2/CO ratio indicated that specific sites (such as those in Spanish cities) were affected by biomass burning plumes, which outweighed the NO2 decrease due to the general reduction in mobility (ratio of ~60%). Analysis of the total oxidant (OX = NO2 + O3) showed that primary NO2 emissions at urban locations were greater than the O3 production, whereas at background sites, OX was mostly driven by the regional contributions rather than local NO2 and O3 concentrations. The present study clearly highlights the importance of meteorology and episodic contributions (e.g., from dust, domestic, agricultural biomass burning and crop fertilizing) when analysing air quality in and around cities even during large emissions reductions. There is still the need to better understand how the chemical responses of secondary pollutants to emission change under complex meteorological conditions, along with climate change and socio-economic drivers may affect future air quality. The implications for regional and global policies are also significant, as our study clearly indicates that PM2.5 concentrations would not likely meet the World Health Organization guidelines in many parts of the world, despite the drastic reductions in mobility. Consequently, revisions of air quality regulation (e.g., the Gothenburg Protocol) with more ambitious targets that are specific to the different regions of the world may well be required.World Meteorological Organization Global Atmospheric Watch programme is gratefully acknowledged for initiating and coordinating this study and for supporting this publication. We acknowledge the following projects for supporting the analysis contained in this article: Air Pollution and Human Health for an Indian Megacity project PROMOTE funded by UK NERC and the Indian MOES, Grant reference number NE/P016391/1; Regarding project funding from the European Commission, the sole responsibility of this publication lies with the authors. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This project has received funding from the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 874990 (EMERGE project). European Regional Development Fund (project MOBTT42) under the Mobilitas Pluss programme; Estonian Research Council (project PRG714); Estonian Research Infrastructures Roadmap project Estonian Environmental Observatory (KKOBS, project 2014-2020.4.01.20-0281). European network for observing our changing planet project (ERAPLANET, grant agreement no. 689443) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, Estonian Ministry of Sciences projects (grant nos. P180021, P180274), and the Estonian Research Infrastructures Roadmap project Estonian Environmental Observatory (3.2.0304.11-0395). Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East—Climate and Atmosphere Research (EMME-CARE) project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 856612) and the Government of Cyprus. INAR acknowledges support by the Russian government (grant number 14.W03.31.0002), the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (agreement 14.W0331.0006), and the Russian Ministry of Education and Science (14.W03.31.0008). We are grateful to to the following agencies for providing access to data used in our analysis: A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences; Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Campania (ARPAC); Air Quality and Climate Change, Parks and Environment (MetroVancouver, Government of British Columbia); Air Quality Monitoring & Reporting, Nova Scotia Environment (Government of Nova Scotia); Air Quality Monitoring Network (SIMAT) and Emission Inventory, Mexico City Environment Secretariat (SEDEMA); Airparif (owner & provider of the Paris air pollution data); ARPA Lazio, Italy; ARPA Lombardia, Italy; Association Agr´e´ee de Surveillance de la Qualit´e de l’Air en ˆIle-de- France AIRPARIF / Atmo-France; Bavarian Environment Agency, Germany; Berlin Senatsverwaltung für Umwelt, Verkehr und Klimaschutz, Germany; California Air Resources Board; Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India; CETESB: Companhia Ambiental do Estado de S˜ao Paulo, Brazil. China National Environmental Monitoring Centre; Chandigarh Pollution Control Committee (CPCC), India. DCMR Rijnmond Environmental Service, the Netherlands. Department of Labour Inspection, Cyprus; Department of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Protection of Moscow. Environment and Climate Change Canada; Environmental Monitoring and Science Division Alberta Environment and Parks (Government of Alberta); Environmental Protection Authority Victoria (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia); Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EERC); Estonian University of Life Sciences, SMEAR Estonia; European Regional Development Fund (project MOBTT42) under the Mobilitas Pluss programme; Finnish Meteorological Institute; Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority; Haryana Pollution Control Board (HSPCB), IndiaLondon Air Quality Network (LAQN) and the Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) supported by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; Madrid Municipality; Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS); Meteorological Service of Canada; Minist`ere de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques (Gouvernement du Qu´ebec); Ministry of Environment and Energy, Greece; Ministry of the Environment (Chile) and National Weather Service (DMC); Moscow State Budgetary Environmental Institution MOSECOMONITORING. Municipal Department of the Environment SMAC, Brazil; Municipality of Madrid public open data service; National institute of environmental research, Korea; National Meteorology and Hydrology Service (SENAMHI), Peru; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment; Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Canada; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD), the Netherlands. Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB), India. R´eseau de surveillance de la qualit´e de l’air (RSQA) (Montr´eal); Rosgydromet. Mosecomonitoring, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russia; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 20–05–00254) SAFAR-IITM-MoES, India; S˜ao Paulo State Environmental Protection Agency, CETESB; Secretaria de Ambiente, DMQ, Ecuador; Secretaría Distrital de Ambiente, Bogot´a, Colombia. Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente Rio de Janeiro; Mexico City Atmospheric Monitoring System (SIMAT); Mexico City Secretariat of Environment, Secretaría del Medio Ambiente (SEDEMA); SLB-analys, Sweden; SMEAR Estonia station and Estonian University of Life Sciences (EULS); SMEAR stations data and Finnish Center of Excellence; South African Weather Service and Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries through SAAQIS; Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO); University of Helsinki, Finland; University of Tartu, Tahkuse air monitoring station; Weather Station of the Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Science of the University of S˜ao Paulo; West Bengal Pollution Control Board (WBPCB).http://www.elsevier.com/locate/envintam2023Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorolog

Computational Analysis of Water Braking Phenomena for High-Speed Sled and Its Machine Learning Framework

Specializing in high-speed testing, Holloman High-Speed Test Track (HHSTT) uses a process called ‘water braking’ as a method to bring vehicles at the test track to a stop. This method takes advantage of the higher density of water, compared to air, to increase braking capability through momentum exchange. By studying water braking using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), forces acting on track vehicles can be approximated and prepared for prior to the actual test. In this study, focus will be made on the brake component of the track sled that is responsible for interacting with the water for braking. By discretizing a volume space around our brake, we accelerate water and air to relatively simulate the brake engaging. The model is a multi-phase flow that uses the governing equations of gas and liquid phases with the finite volume method, to perform 3D simulations. By adjusting the inflow velocity of air and water, it is possible to simulate HHSTT sled tests at various operational speeds. In the development of the 3D predictive model, convergence issues associated with the numerical mesh, initial/boundary conditions, and compressibility of the fluids were encountered. Once resolved, the effect of inflow velocities of water and air on the braking of the sled is studied.Improving the prediction capabilities of water braking phenomena has the potential to result in radical changes in the designs of sleds, improve rocket sled velocity-time test profile predictions, provide greater confidence of braking mechanisms, and decrease risk in the recovery of critical infrastructures. Understanding the water’s behavior with the sled is critical to predicting how the water could damage the sled, which affects the recoverability of the sled and can determine the success of a mission, and the amount of drag it will experience from the air and water. Traditionally, sled design for the test missions for water braking has been guided by empirical/hand calculations to estimate the forces on various components. The calculations involve various approximations in arriving at the force balance law and predicting the acceleration/deceleration profile. The CFD results from various geometry configurations for the sled and modeling parameters will be presented. The main goals of the CFD investigations are to improve the accuracy of the predicted profile that often depends on the complexity of the design and operating conditions.Due to CFD modeling being very computationally expensive, however, a machine learning (ML) framework is suggested to increase result turnover and fidelity. This framework consists of multiple neural networks that once trained are to be validated and coupled. In addition to the framework, a project management plan is outlined to guide the integration of computational modeling with the machine learning framework.In summary, five different geometries of the sled water braking mechanism, scoop, are simulated in a 3-dimensional space and a machine learning framework is provided to offset the CFD requirement of expensive computational resources

El daño de Chaetophloeus mexicanus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) a tallos de Eysenhardtia polystachya (Fabaceae)

Damage caused to Eysenhardtia polystachya by the bark beetle Chaetophloeus mexicanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Scolytinae) was investigated as was host response to infestation. A general wood and bark anatomy of E. polystachya is given. Larvae and adults of C. mexicanus penetrate, settle down and consume noncollapsed phloem cells, vascular cambium, and secondary xylem. As a response to damage, there is a deposition of dark-staining contents (tannins) in the cells that limit the cavern. At xylem, this deposition occurs in the lumen of some vessels and fibers, but tissue proliferation did not appear. In the noncollapsed phloem a greater proportion of thick-walled cells and darkstaining contents were observed. However, above of this region, the differentiation of some parenchyma phloematic cells starts. Damage is mainly centered in the noncollapsed phloem, vascular cambium, and the just differentiated xylem cells clearly interrupting water and sap movement.Se describe el daño causado a la planta huésped (Eysenhardtia polystachya) por el descortezador Chaetophloeus mexicanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Scolytinae) y la respuesta de la planta huésped a la infestación. Además se presenta una descripción de la corteza y madera de E. polystachya. Larvas y adultos de C. mexicanus penetran, se establecen y consumen células de la corteza, cámbium vascular y madera. Como respuesta al daño, hay acumulación de taninos en las células que limitan la caverna. A nivel de xilema secundario esta deposición se da en los lúmenes de algunos vasos y fibras, pero no se presentó proliferación de tejido. En el floema no colapsado se observó una mayor proporción de células con paredes engrosadas y de taninos. Sin embargo, por arriba de esta zona se inicia la diferenciación en algunas células del parénquima floemático. El daño se centra principalmente en la región del floema no colapsado, el cámbium vascular y la porción recién formada de xilema, lo que probablemente interrumpe el movimiento tanto de agua como de fotosintatos

Cultura organizacional e inteligencia competitiva en una institución de educación superior del norte de México

El objetivo es describir la cultura organizacional (CO) de directivos, administrativos y docentes de una IES en el norte de México y su visión de la inteligencia competitiva (IC) en el acopio de información para el logro de objetivos institucionales. Para lo cual se realizó un estudio cualitativo, de caso, con entrevistas semiestructuradas y teoría fundamentada, en una muestra teórica de 14 participantes y documentos institucionales. La codificación fue teórica selectiva con un modelo hipotético-deductivo basada en los tipos de CO de Cameron y Quinn y el ciclo de la IC. Se encontró que los resultados de CO de mercado que proyecta el plan institucional solo corresponden a lo que mencionan los administrativos y la IC en la proyección al 2021 como institucionalizada y normada, aunque actualmente falta conocimiento sobre la IC de la institución y unificación de criterios sobre quién y que estrategias realizan. El documento incluye recomendaciones para el cambio cultural que se requiere en la proyección 2021

Organizational culture and competitive intelligence in a higher education institution of northern Mexico

The objective is to describe the organizational culture (OC) of managers, administrators and teachers of higher institution in the north of Mexico and their vision of competitive intelligence (CI) in the collection of information for the achievement of institutional objectives. A qualitative and case study was conducted, with semi-structured interviews and grounded theory, in a theoretical sample of 14 participants and institutional documents. The coding was selective theoretical with a hypothetico-deductive model based on Cameron and Quinn's OC types and the CI cycle. It was found that the results of market OC that the institutional plan projects, only correspond to what the administrative mention and CI in the 2021 projection as institutionalized and regulated, although currently lack of knowledge about the CI of the institution and unification of criteria on who and what strategies they carry out. The document includes recommendations for the cultural change that is required in the 2021 projection