口蓋に生じた上皮様細胞型筋上皮腫の1例

筋上皮腫は比較的まれな良性唾液腺腫瘍で，すべての唾液腺腫瘍における発生頻度は1〜1.5％である．好発部位は耳下腺が最も多く，口腔内における口蓋がそれに続く．6ヶ月前に口蓋の腫脹に気付いた48歳の女性患者が宇都宮記念病院歯科口腔外科外来を受診された．臨床ならびに画像検査後，良性腫瘍の診断の元，全身麻酔下に腫瘍切除術が施行された．組織学的および免疫組織学的診断は上皮様細胞型筋上皮腫であった．術後2年4ヶ月の予後は良好で，現在まで再発の兆候はみられない．1991年のWHO改定分類では筋上皮腫は独立した疾患として記載された．われわれの知る限り，1991年以降本邦で報告された上皮様細胞型筋上皮腫はわれわれの報告も含め，わずかに2例のみである．今回，文献的考察とともに口蓋に生じた上皮様細胞型筋上皮腫の1例を報告する

TGF-β-dependent reprogramming of amino acid metabolism induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancers

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)—a fundamental process in embryogenesis and wound healing—promotes tumor metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. While studies have identified signaling components and transcriptional factors responsible in the TGF-β-dependent EMT, whether and how intracellular metabolism is integrated with EMT remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we showed that TGF-β induces reprogramming of intracellular amino acid metabolism, which is necessary to promote EMT in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis identified prolyl 4-hydroxylase α3 (P4HA3), an enzyme implicated in cancer metabolism, to be upregulated during TGF-β stimulation. Further, knockdown of P4HA3 diminished TGF-β-dependent changes in amino acids, EMT, and tumor metastasis. Conversely, manipulation of extracellular amino acids induced EMT-like responses without TGF-β stimulation. These results suggest a previously unappreciated requirement for the reprogramming of amino acid metabolism via P4HA3 for TGF-β-dependent EMT and implicate a P4HA3 inhibitor as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer

Status Report of Neutral Kaon photo-production study using Neutral Kaon Spectrometer 2 (NKS2) at LNS-Tohoku(I. Nuclear Physics)

The approach described in this paper uses an array of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices to implement a fault tolerant hardware system that can be compared to the running of fault tolerant software on a traditional processor. Fault tolerance is achieved is achieved by using FPGA with on the fly partial programmability feature. Major considerations while mapping to the FPGA includes the size of the area to be mapped and communication issues related to their communication. Area size selection is compared to the page size selection in Operating System Design. Communication issues between modules are compared to the software engineering paradigms dealing with module coupling, fan-in, fan-out and cohesiveness. Finally, the overhead associated with the downloading of the reconfiguration files is discussed

Molecular Spintronics

Molecular spintronics is recognized to as an attractive new research direction in a field of spintronics, following to metallic spintronics and inorganic semiconductor spintronics, and attracts many people in recent decades. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the history of molecular spintronics by introducing important achievements and to show the current status of this field. In addition, the authors briefly introduce several theories for implementing studies in molecular spintronics.Comment: 66 pages, 32 figures (To appear in Physica E as an invited review article

Three-dimensional Analysis the Mode of Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Correlation Between its Results and the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases( MMPs)

われわれは口腔扁平上皮癌の浸潤様式に対してはじめて三次元解析による検討を行ない,その有用性について報告してきた.今回は,癌の浸潤・転移において重要な役割を担う細胞外マトリックス分解酵素のうち,Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2),MMP-9 およびMembrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase(MT1-MMP)の発現と三次元解析による浸潤様式との関係について検討を行ったので報告する.対象は獨協医科大学病院口腔外科で加療した口腔扁平上皮癌一次症例175 例のうち,三次元解析が可能であった根治的手術症例31 例を用いた.MMP-2,MMP-9 およびMT1-MMP のそれぞれの発現陽性率は38.7%,67.7%,100%であった.非連続型は連続型に比較し,MMPs の発現頻度は高く,また発現部位は腫瘍細胞だけでなく,間質の細胞にも発現していた.非連続型はMMPs が単独で,あるいは相互に作用しあい,び慢性に浸潤することが示唆された.今回の検討により,MMPs の発現と三次元解析による浸潤様式は密接に関連し,両者とも口腔癌の治療法の決定や予後予測に有用であることが示された.We studied the mode of invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma( OSCC) by three-dimensional( 3-D) analysis for the first time and reported its clinical usefulness. The purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship between the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9and membrane type 1-metalloproteinase( MT1-MMP) and the mode of invasion of OSCC by 3-D analysis. In this present31 of 175 patients with OSCC treated with curative surgery at first were able to be examined. The expression ofMMP-2, MMP-9 and MT1-MMP was examined by immunohistochemical techniques. The rate of MMP-2 expressionwas 38.7%, MMP-9 67.7 % and MT1-MMP 100 % . The rates of the expression of MMPs were significantly higher in discontinuous type than in continuous type. The positive expression of MMPs were detected not only in tumor cells but also in stromal cells in discontinuous type. These results indicate that MMPs contribute to the diffused invasion of OSCC with discontinuous type independently or mutually.In conclusion, the mode of invasion of OSCC by 3-Danalysis is closely related with the expression of MMPs and they can be useful to planning therapeutic strategy and predicting prognosis of the patient with OSCC

Relationship Between the Severity of Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries and Helmet Use by Type in Motorcycle Accidents

Helmets are known to be effective in reducing the severity of head injuries in motorcycle accidents. Although, to our knowledge, few reports have examined the relationship between the severity of oral and maxillofacial injuries and helmet use by type in motorcycle accidents. We retrospectively analyzed 54 patients with oral and maxillofacial injuries from motorcycle accidents and attempted to clarify the relationship between injury severity and the protective effects of a helmet. We studied 40 men and 14 women with a mean age of 26.1±15.0 years (range, 15 to 79 years) who sustained oral and maxillofacial injuries in motorcycle accidents treated in Dokkyo University Hospital from 1994 through 2003. In each case, we examined the mechanism of injury, type of helmet the injury severity score, the 1990 revision of the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS-90) score, and the length of hospitalization. Of these 54 patients, 47 patients wore a helmet. Of these 47 patients, 8 (14.8%) wore a full-face type of helmet and 39 (72.2%) wore an open-face type of helmet. The injury severity scores and the Abbreviated Iniurv Scale scores for head and neck were not significantly different by helmet use or type of helmet. However, the AIS-90 scores for facial injuries were significantly decreased with helmet use. The scores for facial injuries in the patients who wore the full-face type of helmets (1.4±0.5) were significantly lower than those in the patients who wore the open-face type of helmets (1.8 ±0.4, p<0.05) and in patients without helmets (1.9±0.4, p<0.05). Wearing a helmet effectively prevented oral and maxillofacial injuries; although, it could not fully prevent all oral and maxillofacial injuries in motorcyclists. These injuries may have been caused by indirect forces transmitted through the helmet

コウクウ ヘンペイ ジョウヒ ガン ノ シツジュン ヨウシキ ニ タイスル サンジゲンテキ カイセキ

口腔扁平上皮癌において浸潤様式が治療成績に関連することは,これまでにも多数報告されているが,すべての症例で浸潤様式と治療成績が相関するとは限らず検討課題の一つとなっている.そこで,口腔扁平上皮癌23例を対象に,その連続標本の三次元画像をコンピュータグラフィクスにより再構築し,腫瘍の浸潤様式を検討するとともに,治療成績との関係ならびに従来より用いられている二次元解析法の山本・小浜分類(以下Y・K分類)との関係について比較検討した.三次元的解析による浸潤様式を形態的特徴から,連続型と非連続型の二つに大別し,さらに連続型は圧迫型と索状型の二つに分類した.腫瘍制御,非制御別では,非連続型は連続型に比較し有意に不良で,また,それらとY・K分類との関係では,比較的予後が良好とされるY・K分類2型でも非連続型の場合には制御不良であったのに対し,予後が不良とされる4C,4D型では連続型の場合には制御良好であった.三次元解析法では腫瘍の浸潤様式を立体的に再現できること,連続型と非連続型の2つに大別されるため判定が容易であること,さらに治療成績と有意に関連することなどから臨床において有用な方法と思われた.It has been described in many previous reports that mode of invasion is associated with prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, there is not necessarily correlation between mode of invasion and prognosis clinically. Although we have evaluated the grade for mode of invasion in OSCC by two-dimensional view from H-E section, in this study, we tried three-dimensional analysis for mode of invasion in OSCC. We performed three-dimensional reconstruction of mode of invasion in OSCC by computer graphics, and compared with that of two-dimensional evaluation and examined the relationship between three-dimensional analysis and prognosis. Mode of invasion in OSCC was classified into two types by three-dimensional analysis as follows; 1) continuous type, and 2) discontinuous type. Furthermore, continuous type was subclassified into a) solid type, and b) cord type. The cases of continuous type were recognized in all grade type of mode of invasion according to Yamamoto and Kohama classification, but the cases of discontinuous type were recognized in only 2, 4C, and 4D grade types. In continuous type, thirteen out of fifteen cases (86.7%) were controlled, where in discontinuous type only 4 out of 8 cases (50.0%) were controlled. The control rate of local recurrence in the patients with discontinuous type was significantly lower than that with the continuous type (p=0.0429). We suggest that three-dimensional analysis is useful clinically, because we could judge mode of invasion easily and reconstruct whole structure of OSCC more exactly, and furthermore, this analysis is associated with prognosis of OSCC