Investigation of changes in blood lactate and some performance characteristics of adolescent male handball players during competition

High lactic acid levels in high-configuration exercises can lead to a decrease in the performance of athletes. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in the characteristics of lactic acid (LA), dominant hand grip strength (DHGS), 20 m sprint and vertical jump (VJ) during the a match. In the study, blood lactate, dominant hand power, vertical power and 20 m sprint values were determined from the subjects, which were taken three times in total, at the end of the warm-up, before the start of the match, at the end of the first half and end of the match. 22 male handball players aged 12-14, playing in the U16 Handball League in 2022-2023, voluntarily participated in this research. The mean age of the subjects was 14,09±0,86 years, and the mean age of sports was 4,04±0,84 years. One-Way ANOVA was performed to analyze the difference. In our study, when the analysis results of lactic acid measurement and DHGS measurements are examined, it is seen that there is a statistically significant difference between pre-competition measurement (PrCM) and half-time measurement (HTM), PrCM and post-competition measurement (PoCM), HTM and PrCM (P <0.05). In addition, when the VJ measurement analysis results are examined, there is a statistically significant difference between PrCM and PoCM, HTM and PoCM results, and between PrCM and HTM, PrCM and PoCM results in the 20 m sprint test (P<0.05). There is an increase in the level of lactic acid in adolescent handball players during the competition, which negatively affects the performance of the athletes

Effects of potassium and humic acid on emergence, growth and nutrient contents of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seedling under saline soil conditions

The effects of potassium and humic acid (HA) on emergence, growth and nutrient contents of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L cv. Sultani) seedlings in saline soil conditions were evaluated. Different levels of humic acid (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg kg-1-1) were applied on growing media treated with 50 mg NaCl kg-1 before seed sowing. The experiment was designed as randomized completely factorial block and each parcel had ten pots without drainage. Two okra seeds were sown in each pot having 300 cc volumes of growth media. The seedlings were thinned to one after emergence. The seedlings were irrigated with distilled water. Seed emergence, root and shoot size, leaf number, shoot and root dry weights of the plant seedlings were determined. Macro and micro nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) contents of seedlings were also determined. All data were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance and separated by Duncan’s multiple range test which was performed using the Costat statistical software. There were statistical differences in terms of effects of potassium and HA on the okra seedling performances. The effects of K, Ca, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and HA applications on plant mineral (N, P, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Mn) contents were significant at p &lt; 0.005.Keywords: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), potassium, humic acid, nutrient content, seedling growthAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(33), pp. 5343-5346, 16 August, 201

Tensile bond strength of indirect composites luted with three new self-adhesive resin cements to dentin

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the tensile bond strengths between indirect composites and dentin of 3 recently developed self-adhesive resin cements and to determine mode of failure by SEM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Exposed dentin surfaces of 70 mandibular third molars were used. Teeth were randomly divided into 7 groups: Group 1 (control group): direct composite resin restoration (Alert) with etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Bond 1 primer/adhesive), Group 2: indirect composite restoration (Estenia) luted with a resin cement (Cement-It) combined with the same etch-and-rinse adhesive, Group 3: direct composite resin restoration with self-etch adhesive system (Nano-Bond), Group 4: indirect composite restoration luted with the resin cement combined with the same self-etch adhesive, Groups 5-7: indirect composite restoration luted with self-adhesive resin cements (RelyX Unicem, Maxcem, and Embrace WetBond, respectively) onto the non-pretreated dentin surfaces. Tensile bond strengths of groups were tested with a universal testing machine at a constant speed of 1 mm/min using a 50 kgf load cell. Results were statistically analyzed by the Student's t-test. The failure modes of all groups were also evaluated. RESULTS: The indirect composite restorations luted with the self-adhesive resin cements (groups 5-7) showed better results compared to the other groups (

Doğu Karadeniz Sahili Batlama Deresi’nde Dağılım Gösteren Bazı Balık Türlerinde Ağır Metal Birikiminin Değerlendirilmesi

Bu araştırma Temmuz 2011 ve Mayıs 2012 tarihleri arasında mevsimsel olarak gerçekleştirilmiş olup çalışmada Giresun sahillerinde denize dökülen Batlama Deresi’nde dağılım gösteren bazı balık türlerinin kas ve solungaç dokularındaki ağır metal birikimleri değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz edilen balıklarda ağır metal birikimleri ortalama ppm olarak kas dokuda; Co: 1,47-1,64 Cr: 0,09-0,36, Cu: 0,92-11,0, Fe: 8,01-17,6, Mn: 1,46-2,20, Ni: 2,69-3.55, Pb: 1,83-2,63, Zn: 9,80-17,0; solungaçta; Co: 2,14-3,99, Cr: 0,20-0,58, Cu: 1,32-22,6, Fe: 52,2-140, Mn: 13,1-20,3, Ni: 7,85-13,6, Pb: 2,75-6,28, Zn: 37,5-80,8 düzeylerinde bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra çalışmada, kas doku için günlük ve haftalık alımlar hesaplanmıştır. Bu değerler uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından bildirilen sınır değerlerinin altında olduğundan, çalışmanın yapıldığı zaman, çalışılan türler ve metaller açısından bu bölgede yakalanarak tüketilen balıkların insan sağlığı üzerine herhangi bir tehdit oluşturmayacağı söylenebilir

DESTINATION PERSONALITY IMPACTS ON THE SATISFACTION AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS: A CASE OF PAMUKKALE – HIERAPOLIS SITE

Jedan od glavnih elemenata tržišne marke koji razlikuje neku lokaciju od svojih konkurenata je identitet destinacije. Cilj ovog istraživanja je identificirati učinke identiteta destinacije na zadovoljstvo turista i namjere ponašanja na primjeru Pamukkala, jednog od vodećih centara kulturne baštine i turizma u Turskoj. Podaci za istraživanje dobiveni su osobnim anketiranjem prigodnog uzorka od 350 turista koji su odsjeli u hotelima na lokaciji Pamukkale-Hierapolis od travnja do lipnja 2018. godine, a na dobivenim podacima provedene su faktorska i regresijska analiza. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da percipirani identitet destinacije ima četiri dimenzije: vrsnu profinjenost, prirodnu radost, iskrenost i krševitost, što je sve pozitivno utjecalo na lojalnost i namjere ponašanja posjetitelja. Ovo istraživanje potvrdilo je da pozitivna percepcija identiteta destinacije ima vrlo važnu ulogu u povećanju zadovoljstva destinacijom i u predviđanju budućeg ponašanja turista za destinaciju koju posjećuju.Destination personality is one of the major brand components that differentiates a location from its competitors. This research was intended to identify the effects of destination personality on tourist satisfaction and behavioral intentions using Pamukkale, one of Turkey’s leading cultural heritage and tourism centers. The research data were obtained by convenience sampling through a face-to-face questionnaire given to 350 domestic tourists who stayed in hotels located in Pamukkale-Hierapolis from April to June 2018. Factor and regression analyses were carried out for the data. The research findings indicate that perceived destination personality for Pamukkale-Hierapolis had four dimensions: competence-sophistication, natural-happy, sincerity and ruggedness, which had positive effects on destination loyalty and behavioral intentions among visitors. This research determined that a positive perception of destination personality had a very important role in increasing destination satisfaction and predicting future behaviors of tourists for the destination they visited

BETONARME BİNA MALİYETLERİNİN ZEMİN SINIFI – KAT ADEDİ ve DÜZENSİZLİK ile DEĞİŞİMİ

Cost variations of structural systems of RC apartment buildings in Turkey are investigated. 4-8 storey residential buildings are designed by means of PROBİNA software due to Turkish Reinforced Concrete Building Standard (TS 500 -2000) and Seismic Code (ABYYHY-1997). First cost of RC structural system of each design case is calculated due to official Turkish Unit Prices. Then formal approximate (statistical) lump-sum unit cost values already given are also revised in according to these cost estimations. Buildings having some irregularities built on good-Z1 (or poor-Z4 soils) considering most severe seismic attacks are all dealt to compare their costs with each other. The cost of 4 storey regular RC structural system on good soil (subjected the higest seismic risk) is taken %100. Quite remarkable extra cost (up to %20) of RC structural system will be needed for only irregular and high (more than 7 storeys) buildings which are built on poor soils in the areas of the highest seismic risk. The big part of this extra spending comes from structural irregularities of quite high rise buildings and even this expenditure does not exceed % 5 of total cost of the building. If it is necessary this %20 ultimate extra cost of structural system can also be enterpolated and reduced for moderate risk situations or soil conditions, since the cost of similar buildings can be taken as %75 when there is no seismic risk..Bu parametrik çalışmada; 248 m2’lik tipik planı aynı ve her katında iki daire bulunan 4-8 katlı betonarme apartmanların maliyet değişimi incelenmektedir. Buna benzer yapılar, bugün betonarme yapı üretimimizin çok büyük bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Maliyet değişimini göstermek üzere, metrajlı karkas maliyeti çıkartılan bu tipik binaların, 1. derece deprem bölgesinde ya da depremsiz (5.) bölgede olduğu düşünülmüştür. Statik ve betonarme tasarımı yapılırken, hem herhangi bir düzensizliğin olmadığı, hem de A1 (burulma) düzensizliğinin bulunduğu haller, ayrı ayrı dikkate alınmıştır. Statik-betonarme tasarımları ve metrajları, Probina Orion 2000 (c10) yazılımı ile ve eşdeğer statik deprem yükü yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Önce 4, 6 ve 8 katlı yapıların, dört farklı zemin (Z1-Z4) üzerinde inşasına ait statik-betonarme tasarımları yapılmıştır ve bunlara ait karkas (iskele, kalıp, beton ve çelik) inşaat metrajları çıkartılmıştır. Daha sonra Bayındırlık ve İskan Bakanlığı (2004)’nın birim fiyatları ile her bir yapının karkas sistem maliyeti hesaplanmıştır. Bina toplam maliyetleri ise, yine Bayındırlık Bakanlığının “2004 Yılı Yapı Yaklaşık Maliyetleri Cetveli”nden (III. Sınıf/B grubundan) doğrudan alınmıştır. Hesaplanan karkas maliyet farklarına göre, bu yaklaşık toplam maliyet değerleri, revize edilmiş ve böylece karşılaştırmalı m2’ye düşen karkas inşaat ve bina toplam maliyetleri bulunmuştur. 1. derece deprem bölgesindeki çok katlı, düzensiz ve Z4 zemindeki binalarda bile, karkas maliyeti en çok %20 kadar artmaktadır