Mental Illness as a Factor in the Creation of the Contemporary Romantic

The paper discusses the image of a mad person in the movie Donnie Darko by Richard Kelly. I want to examine the deranged protagonist as a contemporary Romantic by comparing Donnie Darko’s features and his approach to society with concepts espoused by Romanticism. The focus is on schizophrenia as a condition that influences Donnie’s perception, providing typical symptoms displayed by the protagonist (thought disturbance, various types of delusion or hallucination, acts of antisocial behaviour) as well as problems in information processing. I argue that it is Donnie’s condition that makes him a contemporary Romantic – he sees more, feels more and, in the end, he trusts intuition and emotions rather than rational explanation. The eponymous character is a young, alienated idealist who believes that the world can be changed. Donnie refuses to accept social norms or rules as an exceptional and rebellious outsider in search of the meaning of life. Eventually, the Romantic fascination with freedom and nature corresponds to the perception of the illness as liberation of one’s true nature

Basal cell carcinoma in the elderly Cryosurgery or surgery – a case study with reference to the literature

Introduction The aging of society leads to an increase in the occurrence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). BCC includes both superficial and nodular lesions with a good prognosis as well as foci that are difficult to treat and require a multidisciplinary approach. There are two basic methods of treating BCC, surgery to remove the tumor and cryosurgery. The paper presents a case of an 82-year-old female patient suffering from BCC in a non-advanced stage of the disease with the presentation of subsequent stages of treatment.Aim of the studyAn attempt was made to confront an alternative method of BCC treatment by cryosurgery with the first-choice procedure - surgical excision of the tumor with a margin of healthy tissues.Description of the caseAn individual clinical case study including the patient's medical records.ConclusionsThe work emphasizes the importance of comprehensive care for a patient diagnosed with BCC.Individualization of the diagnostic and therapeutic process is the basis for dealing with the elderly patient

Association between caesarean section and childhood asthma development

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the rates of caesarean section delivery, which is the most common surgical procedure in gynecology and obstetrics, are increasing globally and amount to 21%. In Poland percentage of caesarean sections (CS) is one of the highest in Europe and amount to 42.2%. The reason for this is the extension of medical indications, but also an increase in the number of CS at the request of pregnant women. Although CS can be a lifesaving procedure, it can also cause many health complications for both - the woman and the child. Numerous studies indicate that caesarean delivery is associated with childhood asthma. Several hypotheses of the pathogenesis of this relationship have been presented. One of them, which is based on the hygiene hypothesis indicates that mode of delivery can cause different bacteria colonization in infants. Lack of contact of fetus with the mother’s vaginal flora during CS labor may cause improper immune system maturation. Another hypothesis is that reduced exposure to stress hormones and mechanical forces during CS labor can indicate infant respiratory complications such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). It is suggested that these abnormalities have an impact on asthma development in later life. On the other hand, there are studies which do not confirm that mode of delivery has an influence on the induction of asthma. Due to the significant heterogeneity of studies and unclear risk factors and pathomechanism of the childhood asthma it is impossible to strong confirm the association between caesarean section and asthma developing

Dietary Therapies in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease

Introduction and Purpose: Crons’ disease is a chronic illness of the digestive system. Its etiology is multifactorial and one of the factors is nutrition. That is why the researchers are trying to labour the valuable types of dietary therapy, which could be used in treatment of pediatric CD. The purpose of our review is to point out the impact of dietary therapy on achieving remission in pediatric Crohn’s disease. Materials and methods: We have reviewed the literature from the PubMed database searching for clinical trials, meta analysis and randomized controlled trials from the past years. The keywords we agreed on offered us the most informative articles and made us hope for the further development of our article. Brief Description Of The State Of Knowledge: Steroid therapy is the principle of CD treatment, but it has a number of side effects that influence the quality of pediatric patients’ life. It has been shown that the use of dietary therapies (EEN, CDED+PEN, SCD) enables the achievement of clinical and biochemical remission, mucosal healing and regulation of dysbiosis. There are many hypotheses explaining this effect, probably the reason of this is the exclusion from the diet of food products that provoke inflammatory processes. Summary: Despite its effectiveness, dietary therapies require motivation and full commitment from patients in order to achieve results. That is why it is so important to conduct further research in this area so that the selected therapy is as acceptable and tolerated by the patient as possible. In addition, education of children and parents, psychological and dietary support are also crucial in the treatment process

Erythema nodosum as a manifestation of many systemic diseases

Introduction and purpose: Erythema nodosum is a most frequent form of panniculitis and it appears as erythematous, painful rounded, nodules typically localized on the pretibial area. The purpose of our review is to present diseases that can be underlying causes of erythema nodosum and to draw attention to accompanying symptoms that can guide us to the appropriate diagnosis. Brief description of the state of knowledge: Currently, erythema nodosum is thought to be a symptom associated with hypersensitivity reactions to various antigens. Although the majority of the causes are considered idiopathic, erythema nodosum may be caused by many etiological factors. Summary: Erythema nodosum is usually an acute condition that resolves without treatment. However, it can sometimes be the first sign of a serious condition - autoimmune diseases, infections or malignancy. In such cases it is essential to observe it carefully and implement appropriate diagnostics that allow us to make a correct diagnosis

The impact of shift work and sleep deficiency on health

Shift work refers to work that takes place at different hours, including at night. It is estimated that 15% to 20% of the working population works in shift work, particularly in the healthcare, energy, communication systems, public safety, and hospitality industries. Research indicates that shift work, particularly night work, can lead to health problems such as fatigue, exposure to harmful work environments, increased risk of workplace accidents, and sleep disorders. Night work is also associated with increased risk of hypertension, nervous system dysfunction, cardiovascular dysfunction. Those working at night are also more prone to hormonal disorders, digestive disorders, lowered immunity, and cancer. Sleep-wake cycle disorders, such as excessive sleepiness during waking hours and insomnia at night, are symptoms of shift work intolerance syndrome, which can occur after several months or years of shift work. It is estimated that over 20% of shift workers suffer from sleep-wake cycle disorders, and various factors such as chronotype, age, gender, family and social obligations, medications, medical and psychiatric conditions, and shift work experience can impact tolerance of shift work. The treatment of sleep and wake disorders related to shift work includes planning for main sleep and supplementary naps, appropriate exposure to light, treatment with melatonin, taking sleeping and psychostimulant medications.&nbsp

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - increased risk of depression development. Links and risk factors

PCOS is a common endocrine disorder affecting up to 6-10% of women in reproductive age. Patients suffer from many manifestations of this disease including symptoms of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, androgenetic alopecia), ovulation disorders, infertility, overweight and obesity, glucose-insulin homeostasis disorders (insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes). Many studies emphasize the relationship between the presence of PCOS in patients and the appearance of depression. The median incidence of depression in women with this syndrome was 36.6%, while in the group of women without PCOS it was 14.2%. The exact mechanism of this relationship is still unknown, but many factors may play an important role in it, e.g. increased BMI, infertility, high cortisol levels, body image, vitamin D deficiency or elevated inflammation markers

AmyloGraph : a comprehensive database of amyloid-amyloid interactions

Information about the impact of interactions between amyloid proteins on their fibrillization propensity is scattered among many experimental articles and presented in unstructured form. We manually curated information located in almost 200 publications (selected out of 562 initially considered), obtaining details of 883 experimentally studied interactions between 46 amyloid proteins or peptides. We also proposed a novel standardized terminology for the description of amyloid-amyloid interactions, which is included in our database, covering all currently known types of such a cross-talk, including inhibition of fibrillization, cross-seeding and other phenomena. The new approach allows for more specific studies on amyloids and their interactions, by providing very well-defined data. AmyloGraph, an online database presenting information on amyloid-amyloid interactions, is available at (). Its functionalities are also accessible as the R package (). AmyloGraph is the only publicly available repository for experimentally determined amyloid-amyloid interactions

Association between caesarean section and childhood asthma development

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the rates of caesarean section delivery, which is the most common surgical procedure in gynecology and obstetrics, are increasing globally and amount to 21%. In Poland percentage of caesarean sections (CS) is one of the highest in Europe and amount to 42.2%. The reason for this is the extension of medical indications, but also an increase in the number of CS at the request of pregnant women. Although CS can be a lifesaving procedure, it can also cause many health complications for both - the woman and the child. Numerous studies indicate that caesarean delivery is associated with childhood asthma. Several hypotheses of the pathogenesis of this relationship have been presented. One of them, which is based on the hygiene hypothesis indicates that mode of delivery can cause different bacteria colonization in infants. Lack of contact of fetus with the mother’s vaginal flora during CS labor may cause improper immune system maturation. Another hypothesis is that reduced exposure to stress hormones and mechanical forces during CS labor can indicate infant respiratory complications such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). It is suggested that these abnormalities have an impact on asthma development in later life. On the other hand, there are studies which do not confirm that mode of delivery has an influence on the induction of asthma. Due to the significant heterogeneity of studies and unclear risk factors and pathomechanism of the childhood asthma it is impossible to strong confirm the association between caesarean section and asthma developing

Mowa w przestrzeni publicznej ćwiczenia z komunikacji społecznej

monografia wieloautorskaHistoria różniących się kategorii „prywatne” oraz „publiczne” sięga czasów starożytnych. Terminy te – a także ich rozdzielne traktowanie – rozumiane są w różnoraki sposób. Niejednoznaczności w ich pojmowaniu ukształtowały m.in. tradycja językowa i myślenie potoczne, które nadają im znaczeń wartościujących. Ta wieloznaczność szczególnie silnie funkcjonuje w polszczyźnie, która obciążona jest historycznie – lata zaborów i realnego socjalizmu odcisnęły piętno na polskim systemie leksykalnym. Pojęciowe niejasności utrudniają nie tylko rozumienie świata, ale także międzyludzkie porozumiewanie się w nim. W tej pracy podejmujemy problematykę porozumiewania się i budowania interpersonalnych więzi w ramach przestrzeni publicznej, która wyrasta z przestrzeni prywatnej, a nawet współgra z nią, harmonijnie ją dopełniając – mimo iż spełnia zupełnie inne ludzkie potrzeby. „Przestrzeń prywatna” to zwykle bliskie, niesformalizowane relacje (interakcje), zachodzące m.in. w obrębie grup przyjacielskich, sąsiedzkich czy hobbystycznych. Związana jest ona także z interakcjami zachodzącymi na poziomie życia rodziny. To właśnie komunikacja w przestrzeni prywatnej w największym stopniu tworzy poczucie szczęścia, sprzyja budowaniu jednostkowej tożsamości, bywa źródłem naszej witalności i energii życiowej. Natomiast pod pojęciem „przestrzeń publiczna” kryje się, jak twierdzi Jerzy Szacki, „sfera pośrednia między życiem prywatnym i państwowym, do której jednostki wkraczają jako osoby prywatne, nie po to jednak, by utrwalać swoje odosobnienie, lecz po to, by je przezwyciężać bez stawania się trybami machiny państwowej. W grę nie wchodzi przeto ani prywatność, by tak rzec czysta, ani upublicznienie tożsame z upaństwowieniem” [J. Szacki]. Na tak rozumianą przestrzeń publiczną składają się m.in. wszelkiego rodzaju instytucje kulturalne i oświatowe, wspólnoty, organizacje i stowarzyszenia nakierowane na realizacje wspólnych dążeń i zamysłów o charakterze regionalnym, branżowym, artystycznym, edukacyjnym, naukowym, sportowym, organizacje pożytku publicznego, a także związki wyznaniowe i kościoły. Pojęcie to jest mocno związane z terminem „spo- łeczeństwo obywatelskie”, które – ponownie za Szackim – można definiować jako przestrzeń społeczną, w której spełniony jest pewnego rodzaju kult aktywności spontanicznej, „nie planowanej i nie kierowanej”, ale utrzymanej w ściśle określonych granicach wyznaczonych przez prawo i dobre obyczaje. Z drugiej jednak strony to przestrzeń, którą wyróżnia uznanie indywidualizmu i pluralizmu za wartości zasługujące na ochronę i prawnie określoną gwarancję. Wspomniany „kult aktywności” to aktualizacja postulatu uczestnictwa – uczestnictwo powinno być świadome, dobrowolne, otwarte, winno mieć również charakter publiczny. W prezentowanej książce kluczową rolę odgrywa pytanie o charakter międzyosobowych relacji (interakcji) dominujących w definiowanej przestrzeni publicznej. Są to także pytania o sposoby niwelowania napięcia między realizacją interesów i celów grupowych (wspólnotowych) a spełnianiem zamierzeń i interesów jednostkowych (indywidualnych). U ich podłoża leży inna jeszcze, bardziej elementarna kwestia: pytanie o znaczenie komunikacji interpersonalnej, międzyosobowego porozumiewania się w różnych formach aktywności w ramach przestrzeni publicznej. Tę ostatnią kwestię należy podkreślić, gdyż zajmuje ona pozycję wyróżnioną. Szukanie odpowiedzi na szereg rodzących się pytań w obrębie tematu, wyznacza sposoby konstruowania tożsamości jednostkowej działających podmiotów, dookreśla możliwości rozumienia otaczającego nas świata społecznego, sprzyja zadomowieniu się w nim, a wreszcie może przyczynić się do negacji poczucia samotności i odosobnienia. Dzisiaj, w obliczu dominacji nowych technologii, prowadzących do społecznej izolacji i poczucia nieśmiałości i osamotnienia, problem ten jest szczególnie aktualny. Bo właśnie przestrzeń publiczna, stanowiąca połączenie roztropnej aktywności obywateli z budującą więź interpersonalną komunikacją, może stanowić skuteczne podważenie formuły Francisa Clifforda, złowrogo głoszącej, że „wszyscy ludzie są dzisiaj samotni”. Autorzy szkiców i artykułów zamieszczonych w zbiorze uniknęli jednoznaczno- ści kategoryzacyjnej – pojęcia będące przedmiotem opisu wymykają się bowiem ostatecznemu dookreśleniu, a wymagają omówienia. Niewątpliwym sukcesem – trzeba to powiedzieć – jest sam fakt-próba podjęcia problemu interakcji międzyludzkich w procesach komunikacji prywatnej i publicznej. Dzięki przybliżeniu pojęć czy zagadnień zyskujemy szansę pełniejszego rozumienia rzeczywistości społecznej. Mamy nadzieję, że do „próby” tej skłonimy także Czytelnik