EU rules for organic wine production

As of August 2012, almost one year ago, organic wines can be labelled "organic", with the EU organic logo. This means wine can now be properly recognised as an organic product. Now that organic wine is fully integrated into EU legislation and therefore part of CAP (as well as being a subject for additional private standards), organic wine production - both in the vineyard and in winemaking - can be fully recognised as ecologically, economically and socially sound. We now have a solid basis for further development of the sector, and already we can see a positive response, with increasing production and new initiatives all over Europe. In the past, wines could only be labelled as "made from organic grapes". The new legislative framework, established by Regulation (EC) No 834/2007, has been complemented by Regulation (EU) No 203/2012 that lays down detailed rules on organic winemaking and thus opened the door for organic wine in Europe

Examining the Role of Attentional Bias in the Context of Negative and Positive Content in Real-World and Laboratory- Based Settings

This thesis investigates patterns of biased attention in the context of both negative and positive information, and related effects on emotional and behavioural processes. These processes were examined in the context of contamination fear and mitigation behaviour related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and also the neural underpinnings of attention and emotion using non-invasive neurostimulation of the prefrontal cortex

METODOLOGIA E ABORDAGEM DE CAMPO: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A UTILIZAÇÃO DA ETNOGRAFIA COMO INSTRUMENTO DE PESQUISA A PARTIR DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO TEÓRICA DE MAINARDES E MAGNANI

Resumo: O presente artigo busca apresentar os principais passos metodológicos para a utilização da etnografia como instrumento de pesquisa em estudos que necessitam de observações de campo. Para isto, objetiva-se caracterizar a etnografia enquanto metodologia a partir de Malinowski (1976) e Geertz (2008), além de contribuições de Mainardes (2009). Para embasar teoricamente este estudo, também foram utilizadas explicações baseadas na argumentação de Magnani (2009), que ilustra o uso da etnografia a partir das pesquisas realizadas pelo Núcleo de Antropologia Urbana (NAU) da USP (Universidade de São Paulo).  Dessa forma, este artigo contempla, a partir de levantamentos realizados em pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a temática, os passos e escolhas metodológicas possíveis para a utilização das técnicas relacionadas à etnografia, a fim de auxiliar o (a) pesquisador (a) que opte por utilizar este instrumento metodológico.Palavras-chave: Etnografia; Metodologia de Pesquisa; Pesquisa de Campo. Abstract: This article aims to present the methodological steps for the use of ethnography as a research tool in studies that require field observations. For this objective we presented ethnography as a methodology from Malinowski (1976), Geertz (2008), and Mainardes contributions (2009). To support theory was also used explanations of Magnani (2009), which illustrates the use of ethnography from the research conducted by the Urban Anthropology Nucleus (NAU), USP (Universidade de São Paulo). This article includes, from surveys conducted in literature on the subject, the possible methodological choices for the use of techniques related to ethnography in order to assist the researcher to use this methodological tool.Keywords: Ethnography; Research Methodology; Field Research

Skład chemiczny rośliny leczniczej Cistus incanus L. (czystek szary) a jej wybrane właściwości biologiczne

Pełne teksty dołączonych do pracy publikacji autora, wg załączonej listy na s. 107, dostępne są lokalnie w sieci bibliotek Uniwersytetu Śląskiego: http://www.bc.us.edu.pl/publication/18970For the millennia, many thousand medicinal plants have been used within the framework of traditional medicines across different cultures around the globe. Due to a very high number of medicinal plants, so far not all herbal materials have been systematically investigated and many herbs still wait for complex evaluation of their healing potential. In order to make up for this evident delay, particular attention should be paid to studying chemical composition and pharmaceutical properties of medicinal plants, as well as to developing methods enabling rapid screening of biological activity of plant material. In this study, 12 samples of the C. incanus L. species were used as research material, differing in their origin (Turkey, Albania, Greece) and sold on the Polish market as herbal preparations. The theoretical part of the dissertation presents general characteristics of the C. incanus L. species, discusses the main groups of compounds isolated from the plant material and the "Labdanum" resin, and presents potential therapeutic applications of this plant. The aim of this study was to analyse the volatile and non-volatile fractions isolated from the commercially obtained samples of C. incanus L. and to evaluate selected biological properties exhibited by the compounds contained in the methanol and water-methanol extracts of these samples. At the first stage of this study, composition of the volatile fractions of individual cistus samples was determined and compared with use of gas chromatography with the mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). The efficiency of the two methods of sample preparation for the further chromatographic analysis was also compared. The second part of this study is focused on the analysis of the composition of the methanol and the water-methanol sample extracts as well as on determination of their antioxidant, antibacterial and antineoplastic properties. The use of methods combining thin- layer chromatography with the tests of antioxidant and antibacterial activity (TLC-DPPH and TLC-DB) allowed separation of the components present in the tested extracts and an assessment of their biological potential. Antioxidant activity of the separated extracts was determined with use of the scavenging assays involving 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), whereas antibacterial properties of the extracts were tested against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and the Gram-negative bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri. Antimicrobial activity of six phenolic fractions (I to VI) obtained by means of the selective multi-step extraction of crude methanolic extracts was also evaluated. Investigations of antitumor activity were carried out using the colorimetric MTS assay for the methanolic extracts against two human colon cancer cell lines (HCT116): the wild type with normal expression of the TP53 gene (p53+/+) and its derivative with the deletion of the TP53 gene (p53-/-). The last stage of this study focused on identification of compounds with the strongest effect inhibiting the growth of the tested strains of bacteria. The identified compounds with clearly marked antibacterial potential included apigenin, kaempferol-3-methyl-ether, cis- and trans-tiliroside, and the kaempferol-dicoumaroyl-glucose isomers. In order to identify these bioactive molecules, three independent HPTLC methods (multi-development on amino phase and two two-dimensional developments on the silica gel phase) were devised to in situ hydrolyze flavonoid glycosides and then to separate and detect kaempferol and glucose as the possible building blocks of the molecules of interest

Qualitative Evaluation of Composition of the Volatile Fraction in Commercial Samples of Cistus incanus L.

The present research is focused on identification of volatile components of different commercial products containing raw herbs of Cistus incanus L. The dried herbal material was hydrodistilled, and the obtained essential oils were analyzed by means of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Alternatively, the headspace analysis of the volatile sample components was also performed. It was found out that the investigated samples of the C. incanus L. species show a wide variation in terms of quality and quantity of the respective essential oils, which might result in their variable biological activity also. In conclusion, a postulate for standardization of chemical composition of the raw plant material used in therapeutic preparations is formulated