Pemanfaatan Serbuk Kayu Jati (Tectona Grandis L.) Yang Direndam Dalam Air Dingin Sebagai Media Tumbuh Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus Comunicipae)

The growth responds of Pleurotus comunicipae to the use of cold water-soaked teakwood sawdust as a growth medium was investigated. Teakwood sawdust was soaked in cold water during the time periods of 1, 3, 5 and 7 days) with ten replications. Unsoaked teakwood sawdust was also prepared and used as a control. Measurement variabels consisted of time required for a completely covering mycelial growth, number of fruitbody, and fungal mass (green and dry weight). Results showed that P. comunicipae placed on soaked teakwood sawdust medium had a better growth than control (without soaking) medium. The medium with increased soaking period produced a good growth ability of P.comunicipae. At teakwood sawdust soaked for 7 days, the average of mycelial growth to cover teakwood sawdust medium, number of fruiting bodies, green weight and dry weight at the first harvesting were 52.6 days, 8.6 units, 100.5 grams and 13.4 grams, respectively. Keywords: teakwoods sawdust, Pleurotus comunicipae, cold water soaking, growth abilit

Kedudukan Haken di Perusahaan Jepang yang Tercermin dalam Drama Haken No Hinkaku Karya Sutradara Nagumo Seiichi dan Sato Toya

Nur, Syahidah. 2014. Kedudukan Haken di Perusahaan Jepang yang Tercermin dalam Drama Haken no Hinkaku Karya Sutradara Nagumo Seiichi dan Sato Toya. Program Studi Sastra Jepang, Universitas Brawijaya. Pembimbing: (1) Eka Marthanty Indah Lestari. (2) Elisabeth Worobroto P. KataKunci: drama, Haken no Hinkaku, kedudukan haken, Perusahaan JepangKarya sastra adalah gambaran Kenyataan dari suatu peristiwa yang terjadi di masyarakat. Salah satu bentuk karya sastra adalah drama. Penelitian ini menggunakan drama Haken no Hinkaku yang menceritakan tentang haken di Perusahaan Jepang. Haken adalah pekerja yang dikirim dikirim ke Perusahaan-Perusahaan besar melalui lembaga penempatan sementara (haken gaisya). Rumusan masalah yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah: bagaimana kedudukan haken di dalam Perusahaan Jepang yang tercermin dalam drama Haken no Hinkaku karya sutradara Nagumo Seiichi dan Sato Toya. Penulis menggunakan teori sosiologi sastra milik Nyoman Kutha Ratna yakni pendekatan yang menitikberatkan pada sastra sebagai refleksi kehidupan untuk menggambarkan kedudukan haken di Perusahaan Jepang. Selain itu untuk melihat faktor apa yang mempengaruhi kedudukan haken di Perusahaan Jepang. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa drama Haken no Hinkaku sebagian besar telah menggambarkan kedudukan haken di Perusahaan Jepang yang sebenarnya. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kedudukan haken di Perusahaan adalah tugas-tugas yang dikerjakan oleh haken di Perusahaan, pandangan pegawai tetap terhadap haken di Perusahaan dan kesadaran haken akan posisinya di Perusahaan. Dari tiga faktor tersebut telah diketahui bahwa kedudukan haken di Perusahaan tidak lebih tinggi atau setara dengan pegawai tetap

Thin Capitalization Rules di Indonesia, Studi Kasus pada RS X

The aim of this research is to understand the impact on the implementation of Indonesian Minister of Finance Regulation Number 169/PMK.010/2015 about the Thin Capitalization Rules to the capital structure in RS “X”.This research is a case study on RS “X”, a hospital located on Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara. This research use secondary data from financial statement and Income Tax sheet with analytical technics used descriptive qualitative. In addition, primary data collected by interviews were also used in this study.The findings of this research founded RS “X” reported his financial statement in Debt to Equity ratio show 8:1. This number is greater than the standard that is stated in the PMK169. Most of the debt is caused by management which have to take working capital loans to the bank because the hospital lacks of funds to cover their operational costs for BPJS patients. This ratio causes that the loan expenses have to be corrected positively in income tax sheet. The amount of loan expenses that can deducted is Rp.807.685.185 and the rest Rp.1.009.606.481 have to be corrected as addition to taxable income. By doing this, the taxable income will increase Rp. 177,398,218.39. The policy to reduce the ratio is to re-valuate the fixed assets so that it will add to the equity side, beside that the company should to carry out debt contracts to fund the needs of working capital with related parties, by then the debt will reclassified into shareholders' debt which according to the prevailing tax rules will be recognized as Equity

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI JAMUR EKSTRAK KULIT DAN BATANG Lannea coromandelica DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Schizophyllum commune Fries

Preservation is one way to extend the life of shallow, quality wood. However, synthetic chemical preservatives, especially those made from CCA (Copper, Chrom, Arsenic), are dangerous for the environment because they are difficult to decompose and can also cause health problems for humans. Utilization of natural preservatives from plant extracts is one effort to reduce this. Plants that have the potential as natural preservatives are Lannea coromandelica (Javanese wood). Java wood contains compounds in the form of flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols and tannins, which can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes fungi. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Lannea coromandelica bark and stem extract at concentrations of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm on the growth of the mycelium of the wood rot fungus Schizophyllum commune. The study was conducted by mixing the extracts of each concentration in the growth media and then inoculating the wood rot fungus S. commune right in the middle of the growth media. The research data were analyzed using a split-plot design and analyzed using a split-plot design with two factorial split plots. Two factorial split-plot analyses showed that the concentration change treatment significantly affected the growth of the S. commune mycelium. The results showed that the effectiveness of Java bark extract at all concentrations was classified as very resistant with an Antifungal Activity (AFA) value of 100%, and Java bark extract at a concentration of 25 ppm showed effectiveness that was classified as resistant with an AFA value of 71%). The concentration of the extract affects the growth of the S. commune mycelium. The higher the concentration, the slower the growth of the S. commune mycelium occurs. Java bark extract with a concentration of 25 ppm and 50 ppm has the potential to be a natural wood preservative because it can reduce the growth of the mycelium of the wood rot fungus S. commune.Pengawetan merupakan salah satu cara untuk memperpanjang umur kayu, terutama kayu yang berkualitas rendah.  Penggunaan pengawet kimia sintetik, terutama yang berbahan dasar CCA (Copper, Chrom, Arsenik) berbahaya bagi lingkungan karena sulit terurai dan juga dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan bagi manusia.  Pemanfaatan bahan pengawet alami dari ekstrak tumbuhan merupakan salah satu usaha untuk mengurangi hal tersebut.  Tanaman yang memiliki potensi sebagai bahan pengawet alami adalah Lannea coromandelica (kayu jawa). Kayu jawa memiliki kandungan senyawa berupa flavonoid, saponin, polifenol dan tanin yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans dan Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak kulit kayu dan batang Java Lannea coromandelica pada konsentrasi 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm dan 100 ppm terhadap pertumbuhan miselium jamur pelapuk kayu Schizophyllum commune. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mencampurkan ekstrak setiap konsentrasi pada media tumbuh lalu menginokulasikan cendawan pelapuk kayu Schizophyllum commune tepat di tengah media tumbuh. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dianalisis dengan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi split plot dua faktorial. Analisis split plot dua faktorial menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perubahan konsentrasi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan miselium Schizophyllum commune. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas ekstrak kulit kayu jawa pada semua konsentrasi tergolong sangat tahan dengan nilai Antifungal Activity (AFA) sebesar 100% dan ekstrak batang kayu jawa pada konsentrasi 25 ppm menunjukkan efektifitas yang tergolong tahan dengan nilai AFA sebesar 71%). Konsentrasi ekstrak mempengaruhi besar pertumbuhan miselium Schizophyllum commune. semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka semakin lambat pertumbuhan miselium Schizophyllum commune yang terjadi. Ekstrak kulit kayu jawa konsentrasi 25 ppm dan 50 ppm ekstrak batang kayu jawa berpotensi sebagai pengawet kayu alami karena dapat mengurangi pertumbuhan miselium cendawan pelapuk kayu Schizophyllum commune

BIOAKTIVITAS ASAP CAIR DAUN JATI (Tectona grandis) TERHADAP JAMUR PELAPUK PUTIH (Schizophyllum commune): Bioactivity of Liquid Smoke from Teak Leafs (Tectona grandis) Agains White Root Fungus (Schizophyllum commune)

This research aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of liquid smoke from teak leaves to the Schizophyllum commune Fries fungus. The research was conducted in several steps,i.e., pyrolysis of liquid smoke and efficacy test of liquid smoke as an antifungal. The agar media used was PDA (potatoes dextrose agar). The concentration of liquid smoke used for the treatment were 0; 0.25%; 0.50%; 0.75%; 1.00%; 1.25%; and 1.50% (v/v). The results indicated that the liquid smoke inhibited the Schizophyllum commune fungi growth. The concentration of liquid smoke resulted in significantly different antifungal activities. Liquid smoke with a concentration of 1% and 1.25% produced an average antifungal activity of 44.44% with a somewhat resistant category. The contents of organic fractions of liquid smoke, such as acid and phenol, might be responsible for these antifungal activities.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bioaktivitas asap cair dari daun jati (Tectona grandis) terhadap jamur schizophyllum commune. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam beberapa langkah, yaitu pirolisis asap cair dan uji efikasi asap cair sebagai antijamur. Media yang digunakan adalah PDA (Potato Detxtrose Agar). Konsentrasi asap cair yang digunakan untuk pengujian adalah 0,25%, 0,50%, 0,75%, 1%, dan 1,25% (v/v). Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa cairan asap cair daun jati menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Schizophyllum commune. Konsentrasi asap cair menghasilkan aktifitas antijamur yang berbeda secara signifikan. Asap cair dengan konsentrasi 1% dan 1,25% menghasilkan nilai rata-rata aktifitas antijamur sebesar 44,44% dengan kategorI agak tahan. Kandungan fraksi organik dalam  asap cair seperti fenol dan asam asetat diduga menjadi penyebab terjadinya aktifitas antijamur

Pengaruh Asean-China Free Trade Area Terhadap Ekspor Dan Impor Indonesia-Cina (Studi Pada Badan Pusat Statistik)

This research aims to analyze the influence of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area on Indonesia-China bilateral trade using export and import data in the period 2009-2014. This research uses a quantitative approach with paired different test as a method of analysis. Research conducted at the Central Bureau of statistics. This study uses secondary data in the form of overall exports and imports data between Indonesia and China. This study uses two type of different test, i.e. paired t test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The paired sample t test is used to analyze the export and Wilcoxon signed ranks test is used to analyze import. The paired t test results on exports shows that the export value after implementing ACFTA has increased from before implementing ACFTA. Based on the value of correlation, it is known that although the value of export has increased, but the increase mostly unaffected by the ACFTA. The results of Wilcoxon signed ranks test on imports showed that the value of imports after implementing ACFTA has increased from before implementing ACFTA. Based on the value of the probability, the ACFTA effect significantly to an increase in the value of imports

Efek Sinergitas Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk (Citrus Sinensis L) pada Patch Bioselulosa dalam Meningkatkan Penyembuhan Luka Bakar: Synergetic Effect Of Orange Peel Extract In Biocellulose Patch Toward Burn Wound Healing

Burns is one of the incidents that can lead to death (mortality). One of the natural products that have  potential to serve as an alternative treatment of burns is orange peel. Orange peel has a chemical composition such as ascorbic acid, vitamin E, vitamin A, and polyphenols as antioxidants that inhibit free radicals responsible in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic inflammatory. In this study, formulation was made in the form of biocellulose which is the primary metabolism product of bacteria.  The purpose of this research was to obtain the concentration of the extract of orange peel on bioselullose that have the effect of decreasing the burn wound in rats. Orange peel was extracted then fortified into biocellulose with a concentration of 3%, 6%, and 9%. After that, the wound healing was tested on animals in the form of decreasing the wound diameter.  The results showed that the concentration of extract of orange peel 3% on the fortification of biocellulose showed the good percentage of burn wound decreasing i.e. 45.52% with diameter average of 18.35 mm. This result indicates the concentration of extract of orange peel 3% is better than others

Antibacterial activities of selected seaweed and seagrass from Port Dickson coastal water against different aquaculture pathogens

Eight seaweed species in Teluk Kemang and three seagrass species in Teluk Pelanduk, Port Dickson, respectively, were screened for antibacterial activities. The antibacterial activities were screened using disc diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against six aquacultural pathogens strains Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC35654, Vibrio harveyi BB120, Vibrio harveyi ATCC14126, Vibrio alginolyticus ATCC17749, Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC17803 and Vibrio anguillarum ATCC43313. The results showed that among all the pathogens, seaweed Padina minor and seagrass Thalassia hemprichii had the strongest antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi BB120 and Vibrio harveyi ATCC14126, respectively. The lowest values for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were obtained from Padina minor against V. harveyi BB120 and Thalassia hemprichii against V. harveyi ATCC14126, respectively. The findings suggested that seaweed and seagrass in Port Dickson coastal water have the potential to prevent bacterial diseases particularly in aquaculture