38 research outputs found
Hydrodynamics with Triangle Anomalies
We consider the hydrodynamic regime of theories with quantum anomalies for
global currents. We show that a hitherto discarded term in the conserve current
is not only allowed by symmetries, but is in fact required by triangle
anomalies and the second law of thermodynamics. This term leads to a number of
new effects, one of which is chiral separation in a rotating fluid at nonzero
chemical potential. The new kinetic coefficients can be expressed, in a unique
fashion, through the anomalies coefficients and the equation of state. We
briefly discuss the relevance of this new hydrodynamic term for physical
situations, including heavy ion collisions.Comment: 4 pages; v2: error in Eq.(4) correcte
Fractonic Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition from a renormalization group perspective
Theoretical Physic
Super-Resonant Transport of Topological Surface States Subjected to In-Plane Magnetic Fields
Magnetic oscillations of Dirac surface states of topological insulators are typically expected to be associated with the formation of Landau levels or the Aharonov-Bohm effect. We instead study the conductance of Dirac surface states subjected to an in-plane magnetic field in the presence of a barrier potential. Strikingly, we find that, in the case of large barrier potentials, the surface states exhibit pronounced oscillations in the conductance when varying the magnetic field, in the absence of Landau levels or the Aharonov-Bohm effect. These novel magnetic oscillations are attributed to the emergence of super-resonant transport by tuning the magnetic field, in which many propagating modes cross the barrier with perfect transmission. In the case of small and moderate barrier potentials, we identify a positive magnetoconductance due to the increase of the Fermi surface by tilting the surface Dirac cone. Moreover, we show that for weak magnetic fields, the conductance displays a shifted sinusoidal dependence on the field direction with period p and phase shift determined by the tilting direction with respect to the field direction. Our predictions can be applied to various topological insulators, such as HgTe and Bi2Se3, and provide important insights into exploring and understanding exotic magnetotransport properties of topological surface states
First Measurement of Antikaon Phase-Space Distributions in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at Subthreshold Beam Energies
Differential production cross sections of K and K mesons have been
measured as function of the polar emission angle in Ni+Ni collisions at a beam
energy of 1.93 AGeV. In near-central collisions, the spectral shapes and the
widths of the rapidity distributions of K and K mesons are in agreement
with the assumption of isotropic emission. In non-central collisions, the K
and K rapidity distributions are broader than expected for a single thermal
source. In this case, the polar angle distributions are strongly
forward-backward peaked and the nonisotropic contribution to the total yield is
about one third both for K and K mesons. The K/K ratio is found
to be about 0.03 independent of the centrality of the reaction. This value is
significantly larger than predicted by microscopic transport calculations if
in-medium modifications of K mesons are neglected.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters
Anomaly/Transport in an Ideal Weyl gas
We study some of the transport processes which are specific to an ideal gas
of relativistic Weyl fermions and relate the corresponding transport
coefficients to various anomaly coefficients of the system. We propose that
these transport processes can be thought of as arising from the continuous
injection of chiral states and their subsequent adiabatic flow driven by
vorticity. This in turn leads to an elegant expression relating the anomaly
induced transport coefficients to the anomaly polynomial of the Ideal Weyl gas.Comment: 35 pages, JHEP forma
A Measurement of the Coulomb Dissociation of 8B at 254 MeV/nucleon and the 8B Solar Neutrino Flux
We have measured the Coulomb dissociation of 8B into 7Be and proton at 254
MeV/nucleon using a large-acceptance focusing spectrometer. The astrophysical
S17 factor for the 7Be(p,gamma)8B reaction at E{c.m.} = 0.25-2.78 MeV is
deduced yielding S17(0)=20.6 \pm 1.2 (exp.) \pm 1.0 (theo.) eV-b.
This result agrees with the presently adopted zero-energy S17 factor obtained
in direct-reaction measurements and with the results of other
Coulomb-dissociation studies performed at 46.5 and 51.2 MeV/nucleon.Comment: paper to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 3 figures. New Version
fixes formatting problems with the figures only. There are no other change
Hydrodynamics from charged black branes
We extend the recent work on fluid-gravity correspondence to charged
black-branes by determining the metric duals to arbitrary charged fluid
configuration up to second order in the boundary derivative expansion. We also
derive the energy-momentum tensor and the charge current for these
configurations up to second order in the boundary derivative expansion. We find
a new term in the charge current when there is a bulk Chern-Simons interaction
thus resolving an earlier discrepancy between thermodynamics of charged
rotating black holes and boundary hydrodynamics. We have also confirmed that
all our expressions are covariant under boundary Weyl-transformations as
expected.Comment: 0+ 31 Pages; v2: 0+33 pages, typos corrected and new sections (in
appendix) added; v3:published versio
Transport in holographic superfluids
We construct a slowly varying space-time dependent holographic superfluid and
compute its transport coefficients. Our solution is presented as a series
expansion in inverse powers of the charge of the order parameter. We find that
the shear viscosity associated with the motion of the condensate vanishes. The
diffusion coefficient of the superfluid is continuous across the phase
transition while its third bulk viscosity is found to diverge at the critical
temperature. As was previously shown, the ratio of the shear viscosity of the
normal component to the entropy density is 1/(4 pi). As a consequence of our
analysis we obtain an analytic expression for the backreacted metric near the
phase transition for a particular type of holographic superfluid.Comment: 45 pages + appendice
Cyclin D1 and D3 expression in melanocytic skin lesions
Cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, as well as proteins cooperating with them are responsible for cell cycle regulation which is crucial for normal development, injury repair, and tumorigenesis. D-type cyclins regulate G1 cell cycle progression by enhancing the activities of cyclin-dependent kinases, and their expression is frequently altered in tumors. Disturbances in cyclin expression were also reported in melanocytic skin lesions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of cyclins D1 and D3 in common, dysplastic, and malignant melanocytic skin lesions. Forty-eight melanocytic skin lesions including common nevi (10), dysplastic nevi (24), and melanomas (14) were diagnosed by dermoscopy and excised. Expression of cyclin D1 and D3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantified as percentage of immunostained cell nuclei in each sample. In normal skin, expression of cyclins D1 and D3 was not detected. The mean percentage of cyclin D1-positive nuclei was 7.75% for melanoma samples, 5% for dysplastic nevi samples, and 0.34% for common nevi samples. For cyclin D3, the respective values were 17.8, 6.4, and 1.8%. Statistically significant differences in cyclin D1 expression were observed between melanomas and common nevi as well as between dysplastic and common nevi (p = 0.0001), but not between melanomas and dysplastic nevi. Cyclin D3 expression revealed significant differences between all investigated lesion types (p = 0.0000). The mean cyclin D1 and D3 scores of melanomas with Breslow thickness <1 mm and >1 mm were not significantly different. G1/S abnormalities are crucial for the progression of malignant melanoma, and enhanced cyclin D1 and D3 expression leading to increased melanocyte proliferation is observed in both melanoma and dysplastic nevi. In histopathologically ambiguous cases, lower cyclin D3 expression in dysplastic nevi can be a diagnostic marker for that lesion type