Innate immunity glycoprotein gp-340 variants may modulate human susceptibility to dental caries

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bacterial adhesion is an important determinant of colonization and infection, including dental caries. The salivary scavenger receptor cysteine-rich glycoprotein gp-340, which mediates adhesion of <it>Streptococcus mutans </it>(implicated in caries), harbours three major size variants, designated gp-340 I to III, each specific to an individual saliva. Here we have examined the association of the gp-340 I to III polymorphisms with caries experience and adhesion of <it>S. mutans</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A case-referent study was performed in 12-year-old Swedish children with high (n = 19) or low (n = 19) caries experiences. We measured the gp-340 I to III saliva phenotypes and correlated those with multiple outcome measures for caries experience and saliva adhesion of <it>S. mutans </it>using the partial least squares (PLS) multivariate projection technique. In addition, we used traditional statistics and 2-year caries increment to verify the established PLS associations, and bacterial adhesion to purified gp-340 I to III proteins to support possible mechanisms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All except one subject were typed as gp-340 I to III (10, 23 and 4, respectively). The gp-340 I phenotype correlated positively with caries experience (VIP = 1.37) and saliva adhesion of <it>S. mutans </it>Ingbritt (VIP = 1.47). The gp-340 II and III phenotypes tended to behave in the opposite way. Moreover, the gp-340 I phenotype tended to show an increased 2-year caries increment compared to phenotypes II/III. Purified gp-340 I protein mediated markedly higher adhesion of <it>S. mutans </it>strains Ingbritt and NG8 and <it>Lactococcus lactis </it>expressing AgI/II adhesins (SpaP or PAc) compared to gp-340 II and III proteins. In addition, the gp-340 I protein appeared over represented in subjects positive for Db, an allelic acidic PRP variant associated with caries, and subjects positive for both gp-340 I and Db tended to experience more caries than those negative for both proteins.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Gp-340 I behaves as a caries susceptibility protein.</p

New Age &amp; Christianity : a comparison

En jämförelse mellan New Age och kristendom som visar likheter och skillnader, samt en prövning efter en religionsdefinition

Livskvalitet hos kvinnor med bröstcancer som behandlats med mastektomi : En litteraturstudie

Introduktion: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen hos kvinnor och utgör 30 procent av den totala diagnostiken. Mastektomi är en viktig behandling och innebär att hela bröstet opereras bort. År 2015 utfördes 3642 mastektomier i Sverige. Sjuksköterskan kan fungera som en stöttepelare i det postoperativa förloppet och för att kunna ge god vård behövs kunskap om livskvaliteten hos de drabbade kvinnorna. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa livskvaliteten hos kvinnor med bröstcancer som behandlats med mastektomi. Metod: Litteraturstudien har genomförts enligt Polit och Becks (2017) niostegsmodell. En systematisk sökning i CINAHL och PubMed resulterade i litteraturstudiens första urval. Till urval 2 lästes artiklarna och valdes ut om de svarade mot syftet. Genom Polit och Becks (2017) granskningsmall granskades artiklar och till urval 3 kvarstod 11 artiklar där alla var av kvantitativ metod. Resultat: Litteraturstudien resulterade i fem kategorier: Livskvalitet relaterat till den fysiska funktionen, Livskvalitet relaterat till den mentala funktionen, Livskvalitet relaterat till den sociala funktionen, Livskvalitet relaterat till den kroppsliga förändringen samt Global hälsa och hälsoprognos. Slutsats: Kvinnorna hade en varierande livskvalitet där majoriteten hade en tydlig förbättring över tid.

Vad menar de egentligen? : En komparativ semantisk textanalys av nationella och lokala uppnåendemål i moderna språk i grundskolan

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur den nationella kursplanen i moderna språk år nio kan tolkas i en lokal kursplan samt tolkningens konsekvenser för eleven i fråga om kravnivå. Materialet bestod av en lokal kursplan samt den nationella kursplanen och det analyserades genom komparativ semantisk textanalys och encyklopedisk definition. Resultatet visade att den lokala tolkningen leder till förändring i betydelse och till förändrad kravnivå för eleven. Studiens resultat stödjer tidigare forskning som säger att lokala målformuleringar är problematiska

Palliative key aspects are of importance for symptom relief during the last week of life in patients with heart failure

Aims: This study aimed to describe symptom prevalence of pain, shortness of breath, anxiety, and nausea and to identify factors associated with symptom relief in patients with heart failure during their last week of life. Methods and results: This nationwide study used data from the Swedish Register of Palliative Care and the Swedish Causes of Death Certificate Register. The sample included 4215 patients with heart failure as the underlying cause of death. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyse data. Pain was the most prevalent symptom (64.0%), followed by anxiety (45.1%), shortness of breath (28.8%), and nausea (11.4%). Pain was the most often totally relieved (77.5%), followed by anxiety (68.4%), nausea (54.7%), and shortness of breath (37.1%). Key aspects of palliative care such as documented palliative care in the patient record, individual medication prescriptions by injection, symptom assessment with validated scales, documented end‐of‐life discussions with patients and/or family members, and external consultation were significantly associated with symptom relief. Relief of pain, shortness of breath, anxiety, and nausea were significantly better managed in nursing homes and hospice/inpatient palliative care compared with care in hospitals. Conclusions: The results show that key aspects of palliative care during the last week of life are significantly associated with symptom relief. Increased access to palliative care could provide a way to improve care during the last week of life for patients with heart failure. Home‐based settings provided more symptom relief than hospitals, which may indicate that the latter focuses on treatments and saving lives rather than promoting life before death