Method of Separating Fabric from a Stack – Part 2

A mathematical model of the gripper mechanism with an electric drive, characterised by an increased work surface is presented in the paper. Equations describing the kinematic and dynamic characteristics have been formulated for this model. The resulting equations have been solved numerically. The calculation results illustrating the rheological reaction of the material to the operation of the gripper have been shown in diagrams

Masse, Musik und der Kao-Kult: eine Konzertnacht in Freetown

Im August 2009 kam ich für eine siebenmonatige Feldforschung nach Freetown, in die Hauptstadt Sierra Leones. Thema meiner Forschung war die gesellschaftliche Bedeutung populärer Musik, insbesondere in Hinblick auf den Musikkonsum der Jugend. Einen strapaziös großen Teil meiner Forschungszeit verbrachte ich damit, mir zusammen mit Jugendlichen der Stadt die Nacht um die Ohren zu schlagen und von Tanzbar zu Diskothek und weiter zu versteckten Tanzkabuffs zu pilgern. Kurz vor Weihnachten besuchte ich ein großes Konzert im Nationalstadion, zu dem mich Samory, ein Freund von der hiesigen Universität, begleitete. Was folgt, ist eine kleine Ethnographie der Konzertnacht

In the Hustle Park: The Social Organization of Disorder in a West African Travel Hub

Accra’s central bus station is a hub of travel and of turmoil. On its grounds, a great many people interact with each other in a great many ways. While this plenitude of actions and transactions is framed by an eclectic array of involutionary-evolved organizational structures, in the combined thrust of activities, confusion and unpredictability abound. For the transient traveller, the experience of the station’s turmoil translates into feelings of threat and anxiety. For those who inhabit the station, it is the very unpredictability inscribed into its space that provides opportunities and shelter. These contrastive local perceptions of the station echo the diverging academic discourses on the states of disorder that rule many spheres of everyday life in African cities, in which scenarios of unruly chaos are contrasted with visions of the self-regulating powers of social ingenuity. In this article, I explore urban disorder’s ambivalent potency as it becomes manifest, writ large, in the organization and the everyday life of a West African travel hub

The popular niche economy of a Ghanaian bus station: departure from informality

Dieser Artikel kombiniert das Konzept einer "populären Ökonomie" mit dem einer "Nischenökonomie", um die Funktionsweise eines zentralen Busbahnhofs in Accra, Ghana, und darüber hinaus auch Ghanas gesamten öffentlichen Transportsektor zu analysieren. Dabei wird von gängigen Modellen des "informellen Sektors" abgewichen, die üblicherweise für die Beschreibung wirtschaftlicher Aktivitäten auf und entlang afrikanischer Straßen verwendet werden. Gleichzeitig stellt es vorherrschende Konzeptualisierungen von populären Ökonomien infrage, die darauf abzielen, Mechanismen der Reziprozität und Solidarität, Opportunität und Nutzen gegenüberzustellen. Der Fokus auf die Station bietet einen detaillierten Einblick über die Dialektik von Kollaboration und Konkurrenz, die charakteristisch für Ghanas lokale Transportwirtschaft ist, und eröffnet signifikante Kontinuitäten mit Praktiken, Orten und Politik wirtschaftlicher "Informalität" in Afrika.This article combines the concept of a "popular economy" with that of a "niche economy" to analyse the workings of a central bus station in Accra, Ghana, and, by extension, of Ghana’s public transport sector at large. In doing so it departs from generic models of the "informal sector" commonly used for describing road and roadside entrepreneurship in African contexts. At the same time, it challenges prevalent views of popular economies bent on emphasising mechanisms of reciprocity and solidarity over opportunity and profiteering. The focus on the station, it suggests, provides for a detailed reflection on the dialectics of collaboration and competition characteristic of Ghana’s local transport economics, and it offers significant continuities with practices, places, and politics of economic "informality" in Africa

Market Men and Station Women: Changing Significations of Gendered Space in Accra, Ghana

It is impossible to understand the gendered relation between women and public space without taking into account its other, that is, male engagements with and in space. Our joint paper contrasts the public spaces of a market and a bus station in central Accra, Ghana. While the former is historically associated with female entrepreneurship, masculinity is deeply inscribed in the activities defining the latter. However, recent developments gradually undermine this gendered divide. Evermore men enter into the predominantly female occupation of market trade. Simultaneously, the public space of the bus station, complementary to many of the market’s economic activities and to its gendered significations, is increasingly shaped by intensive negotiations between male station personnel and ‘intruding’ female entrepreneurs over the scarce resource ‘space’. By focusing on interpersonal claims to entrepreneurial places in these two locations, we contest that structural determinants such as trade liberalization and employment strictures sufficiently explain the complex renegotiation of gendered entitlements to space. We illustrate how the configurations (and co-constructions) of gender and space are exposed to on-going, often subtle shifts, which are impelled by dialectically grounded transformations of quotidian spatial practices and social relations. Expanding upon the notion of viri-/uxorilocality, we explore shifts in the gendered strategies of newcomers establishing their presence in the two spaces and the extent to which these practices may alter gendered spatial significations

Comparison of a unique anaglyphic vertical fixation disparity test to the Sheedy disparometer

The clinical gold standard for deriving vertical prism prescriptions is the patient\u27s vertical associated phoria (The relieving prism to bring a vertical fixation disparity to zero). It is generally accepted that the most accurate device used to measure fixation disparity at nearpoint is the Sheedy disparometer. However, the Sheedy disparometer is relatively large, expensive and not currently manufactured. These factors may make measurements of vertical associated phorias less appealing and accessible to practitioners. This study evaluated the vertical associated phoria measurements of twenty non-asthenopic subjects with measurable vertical phorias. Vertical associated phoria measurements were made using the Sheedy disparometer and a unique inexpensive anaglyphic vertical fixation disparity test composed of a card with a specifically designed red and green image and a pair of standard anaglyphic glasses for the patient to wear. Both tests at 40 em and were administered in an equally randomized order. The results indicate that vertical associated phoria measurements with the anaglyphic test are statistically equivalent to the Sheedy disparometer (mean difference = 0.00; p= value \u3e0.9999). Based on this study, this inexpensive anaglyphic card can be used to confidently derive an accurate vertical associated phoria value for vertical prism prescriptions. Other clinical considerations are discussed

Teaching languages—understanding cultures. A few remarks on feeling and experiencing in Hindi

University of WarsawThis article offers an overview of the expression of emotions in the Hindi language. First it discusses the Hindi word man, which in day-to-day communication denotes that something that is inside an individual, where one’s thoughts are born and thanks to which one can feel. Then, with reference to the opinion of Owen M. Lynch that in Hindi there is no specific equivalent of the verb to feel, the argument focuses on the analysis of a few examples of sentences in English, Hindi and Polish; all the English sentences feature the verb to feel, though not all of them refer to emotions/emotional states. The analysis reveals that in Hindi the equivalents of the verb to feel are less frequently used than in English (Polish stands somewhere in between). They appear especially in situations when one wants to share feelings that have been experienced with others. Also of great importance is that in Hindi in the majority of the sentences analysed the so-called experiencer subjects, or dative experiencer subjects, are used