Bolesław Świderski

Dynamika systematycznego wzrostu, nowoczesna przestrzeń intelektu, labirynt znaków, magia zaangażowanych w swoją pracę ludzi z pasją – to tylko kilka haseł, które przychodzą na myśl, kiedy chcemy przywołać nazwę Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego i 70 lat jej historii. Łódź przed dwoma wiekami powstawała z tradycji niejednorodnych, i podobnie powstawał – jako mozaika różnych treści intelektualnych – Uniwersytet Łódzki

Przemoc i społeczne skutki konfliktów w Liberii i Sierra Leone

The civil war in Liberia began in 1989, when the country was attacked by the rebels of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL)led by Charles Taylor. In Sierra Leone the civil war was initiated in 1991 by Revolutionary United Front (RUF) led by Foday Sankoh. The article describes the specifics of the conflicts in Liberia and Sierra Leone. It discusses social and economic context of the wars as well as causes of their longevity. In addition, it presents the international community actions for ending the prolonged civil war in Sierra Leone and the importance of the policy “weapon for diamonds”. The article uses a historical-analytical method of research. Wojna domowa w Liberii rozpoczęła się w 1989 r., kiedy kraj ten został zaatakowany przez rebeliantów z Narodowego Frontu Patriotycznego Liberii (National Patriotic Front of Liberia, NPFL), kierowanego przez Charlesa Taylora. W Sierra Leone natomiast wojna domowa została zapoczątkowana w 1991 r. przez Zjednoczony Front Rewolucyjny (Revolutionary United Front, RUF), dowodzony przez Fodaya Sankoha. Artykuł opisuje specyfi kę konfliktów w Liberii i Sierra Leone. Omawia kontekst społeczny i gospodarczy wojen, a także przyczyny ich długotrwałości. Ponadto przedstawia działania społeczności międzynarodowej na rzecz zakończenia przedłużającej się wojny domowej w Sierra Leone oraz znaczenie polityki „broń za diamenty”. W artykule wykorzystana została historyczno-analityczna metoda badawcza

Hornet (Vespa crabro) in Łódź, preliminary estimate of epidemiology

In the present paper some information on the potencial of the epidemiology hazard produced by community of hornet Vespa crabro is given. In nests of hornet recorded in Łódź, 24 species of pathogenic and conditional pathogenic bacteria were found. 75% of nests investigated in Łódź were found in apartament buildings.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation in adults

Przeszczepianie wątroby stało się obecnie leczeniem z wyboru w przypadku schyłkowej niewydolności wątroby. Wraz z ciągłym rozwojem transplantologii i immunologii wyniki przeszczepiania wątroby ulegają stopniowej poprawie. Obecnie średnie 5-letnie przeżycie po ortotopowym przeszczepieniu wątroby (OLT) biorców kształtuje się na poziomie 72–77% w zależności od stopnia niewydolności wątroby. Z procedurą transplantacji wątroby nierozerwalnie wiąże się obecność powikłań, które w 80% występują w ciągu pierwszych 6 miesięcy po OLT. Do najczęściej spotykanych należą powikłania dotyczące dróg żółciowych. Najważniejsze i najszerzej opisywane to: wycieki żółci, zwężenia — zarówno w miejscu, jak i poza miejscem zespolenia dróg żółciowych, złogi w drogach żółciowych, dysfunkcja zwieracza Oddiego oraz ucisk na drogi żółciowe. Są one groźne, gdyż niejednokrotnie prowadzą do utraty przeszczepu lub zgonu chorego. Obecnie częstość powikłań żółciowych kształtuje się na poziomie 6–35% wszystkich transplantacji, najczęściej oscylując wokół 20% przy utrzymującej się od wielu lat stałej tendencji spadkowej. Do istotnych czynników prognozujących wystąpienie powikłań żółciowych po OLT należą: przedoperacyjne stężenie bilirubiny w surowicy krwi oraz wskaźnik INR biorcy, zastosowanie drenażu Kehra, liczba przetoczonych podczas operacji jednostek osocza świeżo mrożonego, a także rodzaj graftu wątrobowego. Zmienia się sposób postępowania w przypadku podejrzenia powikłań żółciowych. Referencyjną metodą diagnostyczną stał się magnetyczny rezonans dróg żółciowych (MRCP). W przypadku potwierdzenia rozpoznania powikłań żółciowych leczenie operacyjne w większości zostało zastąpione technikami endoskopowymi i przezskórnymi. Przy nieskuteczności powyższego postępowania konieczna staje się retransplantacja wątroby. Z powodu ciągle niewystarczającej liczby zmarłych dawców wciąż poszukuje się nowszych metod pozyskiwania narządów do przeszczepienia. Wprowadzono metodę pozyskiwania graftów z częściowej hepatektomii od dawców żywych oraz podziału na mniejsze części wątroby pochodzącej od zmarłego dawcy. Cele niniejszego artykułu to analiza i podsumowanie doniesień dotyczących powikłań żółciowych po OLT u dorosłych. Problem ten wydaje się szczególnie istotny z powodu coraz większej liczby transplantacji wątroby w Polsce.Liver transplantation has become at present the treatment of choice in cases of end-stage liver disease. Along with the significant development of transplantology and immunology, the results of liver transplantation have been gradually improving. Currently, the 5-year survival rate in recipients following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is at a level of 72–77%, depending on the stage of liver insufficiency. The presence of complications is inseparably connected with the procedure of liver transplantation, and occur in 80% of cases during the first six months after OLT. One of the most common are complications concerning bile ducts. The most important and widely described are bile leakages, anastomotic and nonmagnetyczanastomotic strictures, bile concrements, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and compression of the biliary tract. Such complications are dangerous as many times they lead to the loss of the graft or even death. Despite permanent improvements in the surgical technique of performing bile ducts anastomoses and the growing experience of transplantologists, biliary anastomosis is often called the “Achilles heel” of liver transplantation. Nowadays, the prevalence of biliary complications is at a level of 6–35% of all liver transplantations, and most frequently oscillates around 20%, a figure which has been showing a regular downward trend for many years. The most commonly-listed risk factors of biliary complications after OLT are: preoperative serum bilirubin level and INR in recipient, T-tube drainage, the number of fresh frozen plasmas used during the operation and the type of liver graft. Management options, in cases of suspicion of biliary complications, have also changed with Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) having become a “gold standard” in diagnostics. In the cases of confirmation of the diagnosis of biliary complications, surgical techniques have mainly been replaced by endoscopic or percutaneous techniques. In cases of the ineffectiveness of the above-mentioned treatment, liver re-transplantation becomes necessary. Because of the continuously insufficient number of deceased donors, more and more new methods of expanding the number of grafts for transplantation are being discovered. The methods of gaining the grafts from partial hepatectomy from living donors and division of the liver into smaller parts from a deceased donor have also been introduced. The aim of this article is to be a review and analysis of reports concerning biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation in adults. This problem has becomes especially important due to more and more liver transplantations being performed in Poland

The determinants of shopping place selection in Poland – the survey results

Goal – The aim of the empirical research using the electronic survey questionnaire was to identify the determinants of consumers’ behavior on the market on the basis of the type, place and frequency of purchasing goods that satisfy the basic needs. Research methodology – There were presented results of the survey conducted online (n=482) in Poland. The character of the sample was random and representative. Score – The research showed that 97% of respondents do shopping at least once a week, whereas 33% of surveyed individuals go shopping every day. There was observed statistically essential dependence of preferences related to the shopping frequency on the age and the character of the town and region. The selection of the shopping place was, in statistic terms, influenced by the region – voivodeship (except for coffee/tea ) and by the character of the town (except for bakery products and sweet baked goods) or the level of incomes (chiefly with regards to the purchase of cold meats and coffee/tea).Anna Gardocka-Jałowiec: [email protected] Szalonka: [email protected] Stańczyk: [email protected] Gardocka-Jałowiec - Faculty of Economics and Management, University of BialystokKatarzyna Szalonka - Faculty of Law, Administration and Economics, University of WroclawPiotr Stańczyk - Department of Economic Sciences, Wroclaw University of EconomicsAczel A.D., Sounderpandian J., 2017, Statystyka w zarządzaniu, PWN, Warszawa.Angowski M., Domańska K., 2015, Czynniki wpływające na wybór miejsca dokonywania zakupu na rynku serów żółtych na przykładzie serów długodojrzewających, „Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. 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Metody i techniki, PWE, Warszawa.Kamran-Disfani O., Mantrala M.K., Izquierdo-Yusta A., Pilar Martínez-Ruizd M., 2017, The impact of retail store format on the satisfaction-loyalty link: An empirical investigation, „Journal of Business Research”, vol. 77, pp. 14-22, DOI: org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.04.004.Kim J., Lee H-H., 2008, Consumer product search and purchase behaviour using various retail channels: the role of perceived retail usefulness, „International Journal of Consumer Studies”, vol. 32(6), pp. 619-627, DOI: 10.1111/j.1470-6431.2008.00689.x.Kosicka-Górecka M., Tul-Krzyszczuk A., Gębski J., 2011, Handel detaliczny żywności w Polsce, SGGW, Warszawa.Mitchell V-W., 1992, Understanding Consumers’ Behaviour: Can Perceived Risk Theory Help?, „Management Decision”, vol. 30(3), pp. 26-31, DOI: 10.1108/00251749210013050, http://pentor-arch.tnsglobal.pl/60303.xml?doc_id=11280 [date of entry: 03.04.2013].Morganosky M.A., Cude B.J., 2000, Large format retailing in the US: a consumer experience perspective, „Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services”, vol. 7(4), pp. 215-222, DOI: 10.1016/S0969-6989(00)00016-3.Nilsson E., Gärling T., Marell A., 2017, Effects of time pressure, shopping type, and store attributes on consumers’ satisfaction with grocery shopping, „The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research”, vol. 27(4), pp. 334-351, DOI: 10.1080/09593969.2017.1309674.Rajagopal, 2011, Determinants of Shopping Behavior of Urban Consumers, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, vol. 23(2), pp. 83-104, DOI: 10.1080/08961530.2011.543051.Ruff R.R., Akhund A., Adjoian T., 2016, Small Convenience Stores and the Local Food Environment: An Analysis of Resident Shopping Behavior Using Multilevel Modeling, „American Journal of Health Promotion”, vol. 30(3), pp. 172-180, DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.140326-QUAN-121.Sunelle J., xan Der Merwe D., Lombard E., Kruger N., 2010, Exploring consumers’ preferences with regard to department and specialist food stores, „International Journal of Consumer Studies”, vol. 34(2), pp. 169-178, DOI: 10.1111/j.1470-6431.2009.00844.x.Szreder M., 2010, Metody i techniki sondażowych badań opinii, PWE, Warszawa.Szwacka-Salmonowicz J.E., 2003, Zmiany zachowań nabywców jako determinanta kształtowania strategii segmentacyjnych przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego w Polsce, SDDW, Warszawa.Urban S., Michałowska M., 2013, Determinanty wyboru konsumentów dotyczące miejsca zakupu. 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Sugar Modification Enhances Cytotoxic Activity of PAMAM-Doxorubicin Conjugate in Glucose-Deprived MCF-7 Cells – Possible Role of GLUT1 Transporter

Purpose: In order to overcome the obstacles and side effects of classical chemotherapy, numerous studies have been performed to develop the treatment based on targeted transport of active compounds directly to the site of action. Since tumor cells are featured with intensified glucose metabolism, we set out to develop innovative, glucose-modified PAMAM dendrimer for the delivery of doxorubicin to breast cancer cells. Methods: PAMAM-dox-glc conjugate was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, size and zeta potential measurements. The drug release rate from conjugate was evaluated by dialysis under different pH conditions. The expression level of GLUT family receptors in cells cultured in full and glucose-deprived medium was evaluated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity of conjugate in presence or absence of GLUT1 inhibitors was determined by MTT assay. Results: We showed that PAMAM-dox-glc conjugate exhibits pH-dependent drug release and increased cytotoxic activity compared to free drug in cells cultured in medium without glucose. Further, we proved that these cells overexpress transporters of GLUT family. The toxic effect of conjugate was eliminated by the application of specific GLUT1 inhibitors. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the glucose moiety plays a crucial role in the recognition of cells with high expression of GLUT receptors. By selectively blocking GLUT1 transporter we showed its importance for the cytotoxic activity of PAMAM-dox-glc conjugate. These results suggest that PAMAM-glucose formulations may constitute an efficient platform for the specific delivery of anticancer drugs to tumor cells overexpressing transporters of GLUT family. © 2019, The Author(s)

Determinants of medicines consumption in Poland

The aim of the paper is to present the most important factors of medicines consumption in Poland. The paper is based on primary research conducted on a sample of 428 respondents in March and April 2020 in Poland using an online questionnaire survey. An algorithm of classification trees was applied to identify classes of respondents who consumed prescription medicines and non-prescription medicines (over-the-counter - OTC). In addition, a logistic regression was proposed to assess relationship between medicines consumption and health status, pro-health behaviors, selected preferences in dietary choices, and demographic characteristics. In the paper lifestyle-related factors that determine the level of medicines consumption were identified. The authors argue that women aged 55 and over significantly increase consumption of both prescription and OTC medicines to maintain health and active lifestyle. What’s more they perform regularly preventive laboratory tests and read carefully information on the food labels before buying food products. In this cross-sectional survey we argue that women take more medications, are more critical of their health and take more care about active ageing. Even if they don't indicate health problems, 50% of them still consume medicines. Among men, 68% do not indicate health complaints and in this group more than 30% consume medicines. It seems that men in less extent combine medicines consumption with active ageing. The survey identifies classes of respondents who consume prescription medicines. These are patients who have health problems and use preventive health care, performing regular medical examinations. The more often medical examinations are performed, the more medicines are consumed. A group of people who often consume non-prescription medicines carefully read information on food labels before purchase, and perform systematically preventive laboratory tests. In general, consumption of both prescription medicines and OTC medicines in Poland increases with age of respondents. Health problems determine consumption of prescription medicines while gender is the most significant factor of non-prescription medicines consumption

Urologic complications following renal transplantation

Przeszczepianie nerek od ponad 60 lat jest uznaną metodą leczenia schyłkowej niewydolności nerek. Zmieniła się technika chirurgiczna, metody doboru biorcy i dawcy, leki immunosupresyjne. Obecnie roczne przeżycie chorego i przeszczepu wynosi odpowiednio około 93% i 91%, a pięcioletnie odpowiednio 91% i 77%. Z przeszczepianiem nerek związane jest występowanie powikłań chirurgicznych, które mogą doprowadzić do niewydolności graftu i zgonu biorcy. Wśród nich dominują powikłania urologiczne, a częstość kształtuje się na poziomie 2–20%.Wraz z rozwojem nowych technik diagnostycznych i terapeutycznych zmienia się sposób postępowania w przypadku podejrzenia powikłań urologicznych, leczenie operacyjne w większości zostało zastąpione technikami endoskopowymi, a tylko w skrajnych przypadkach konieczne jest usunięcie nerki przeszczepionej.Celem tego artykułu jest analiza i podsumowanie aktualnych doniesień dotyczących powikłań urologicznych po przeszczepieniu nerki (KTx) u dorosłych. Zagadnienie to wydaje się być szczególnie istotne z powodu coraz większej liczby transplantacji nerek w Polsce, przy jednocześnie skąpych doniesieniach w piśmiennictwie polskim na temat nowych standardów diagnostycznych i leczniczych w przypadku wystąpienia powikłań urologicznych po przeszczepieniu nerki.The renal transplantation over 60 years becomes a method of treatment of the end-stage renal failure. The surgical technique has been modified, better methods of donor-recipient matching have been developed, and new immunosuppressive medications have been introduced. Currently, a 1-year survival of a patient and graft is approximately 93% and 91%, whilst a 5-year survival — 91% and 77% respectively.The renal transplantation is, just as any other surgical procedure, inextricably linked with surgical complications which may result in graft failure and even recipient’s death. Urologic complications are the most common type of complications following renal transplantation. Their incidence falls within the range of 2–20% of all transplantations.Together with the development of new methods of diagnosis and treatment the procedure administered in the case of suspicion of urologic complications has also been changing. In most cases surgical treatment has been replaced with endoscopic techniques and only in rare cases it is necessary to remove the implanted graft. The purpose of this article is to analyse and summarise the latest reports on the urologic complications following kidney transplantation (KTx) in adults. This problem seems to be particularly important due to an increasing number of renal transplantations in Poland and scant information in the Polish literature about new diagnostic and therapeutic standards in the case of urologic complications following renal transplantation

Three successful pregnancies after kidney transplantation with long-term graft survival: case report

Pregnancies after kidney transplantation are considered high risk. Preconceive care is crucial for favorable mother-fetal outcome but also for good renal graft function. Herein, we report a case of kidney transplant recipient secondary to lupus nephritis with three consecutive successful pregnancies and excellent graft function after 16 post-transplant years. Preconception care included two protocolar biopsies performed prior to immunosuppressive treatment modifications. No signs of rejections were found in either biopsy, no additional treatment was necessary, and the patient was safely converted from mycophenolate mofetil to azathioprine. First pregnancy was naturally conceived, its course was uncomplicated and a healthy female newborn wasdelivered via vaginal birth. Within one year after delivery the patient presented proteinuria, borderline changes were found in the biopsy of allograft and were treated with immunosuppression augmentation and ACEI.  At 7th post implantation year, after surveillance biopsy showing no signs of rejection and appropriate pharmacotherapy adjustments, second pregnancy occurred from in vitro fertilization (IVF). It was complicated with deep vein thrombosis, intrauterine growth restriction and premature birth in 32nd week of gestation. Three months after delivery, the patient conceived spontaneously, third pregnancy course was uncomplicated. Close follow up, including protocol and indication biopsies, allowed to preserve excellent graft function in the context of multiple immunosuppressive treatment adjustments. Here we present a case where natural conception and in vitro fertilization intertwine without harming the transplanted organ

Selected aesthetic medicine treatment in patients with autoimmune diseases - a literature review

Introduction Interest in cosmetic procedures has been increasing. Data on practices for correcting aesthetic deficits, including those caused by autoimmune diseases are limited. There are fears of disease reactivation and exacerbation of inflammation after surgery. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to investigate the potential influence and safety of aesthetic medicine treatment - hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin and breast augmentation with implants in patients with autoimmune diseases. Materials and methods A search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles were searched in English using the following key words: autoimmune disease, immunogenicity, inflammation, connective tissue, aesthetic medicine. Results Hyaluronic acid is considered the best filler for cosmetic procedures, mainly due to its lack of immunogenicity. No clinical studies have identified contraindications to the administration of hyaluronic acid-based dermal fillers in patients with inflammatory diseases. Botulinum toxin is essential in alleviating involuntary functions currently associated with dystonia, spasticity, and autonomic disorders. The long-term safety of implants should be assessed concerning genetic and environmental factors and whether the autoimmune disease is in remission.Conclusion With the increasing number of aesthetic procedures using hyaluronic acid, there are more reports of potential adverse events. Most side effects are associated with hypersensitivity reactions. The use of hyaluronic acid products in patients with autoimmune diseases is controversial. However, no clinical studies have identified contraindications to the administration of hyaluronic acid-based fillers. Botulinum toxin is used for healing and pain control in patients with systemic sclerosis who have suffered phalangeal ulcers. Despite epidemiological studies conducted to assess the association between breast implants and autoimmune diseases the results remain inconclusiv