Density and phenology of the invasive mealybug Delottococcus aberiae on citrus: implications for integrated pest management

[EN] Delottococcus aberiae De Lotto (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a new invasive citrus pest in Spain. It causes severe fruit distortions and, as a new invasive mealybug, there is a lack of information about its biology. This research aims to examine the seasonal trend of D. aberiae in citrus, using several sampling methods, as a first step to develop an integrated pest management program. Ten citrus orchards from Eastern Spain were periodically sampled during three years using absolute (plant material) and relative (corrugated cardboard band traps and sticky traps) sampling methods. The three sampling methods showed that D. aberiae completes multiple generations per year, two of them being clearly defined and resulting in high populations. D. aberiae peaked between May and June, damaging the developing fruit. Corrugated cardboard band traps were able to detect prepupa and pupa male instars and gravid females, providing a quantitative measurement of D. aberiae density at its first population peak. The use of corrugated cardboard band traps is recommended to monitor population levels and sticky traps to determine male flight periods, representing simple sampling techniques to monitor D. aberiae. These results will improve the sampling protocols and allow for the development of an integrated pest management program.We would like to thank the owners of the orchards for allowing us to use their plantations and P. Bru (IVIA) and J. Catalan (IVIA) for their help in sampling. This research was supported by two predoctoral grants (FPU to V. Martinez-Blay and Val I + d to J. Perez-Rodriguez from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport and Generalitat Valenciana, respectively), the European Grants FP7-IAPP #324475 'Colbics' and FP7-IRSES #612566 'Biomodic,' and a national project provided by INIA (Project No. RTA2014-00067). The authors thank Debra Westall (UPV) for revising the manuscript.Martínez-Blay, V.; Pérez-Rodríguez, J.; Tena, A.; Soto Sánchez, AI. (2018). Density and phenology of the invasive mealybug Delottococcus aberiae on citrus: implications for integrated pest management. Journal of Pest Science. 91(2):625-637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-017-0928-yS625637912Afifi SA (1968) Morphology and taxonomy of the adult males of the families Pseudococcidae and Eriococcidae: (Homoptera:Coccoidea). Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Entomol, Suppl 13. LondonAgustí M (2003) Citricultura. 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Seasonal Distribution and Movement of the Invasive Pest Delottococcus aberiae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Within Citrus Tree: Implications for Its Integrated Management

[EN] Delottococcus aberiae (De Lotto) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is the most recent species of mealybug introduced to Spain that is affecting citrus. The feeding behavior of D. aberiae causes severe direct damage to citrus fruits, distorting their shape and/or causing reduction in size. There is no information available regarding its distribution within the citrus trees. The main objective of this study was to describe the seasonal distribution of D. aberiae within citrus trees and its migration patterns on the plants. Ten citrus orchards from eastern Spain were periodically sampled during 3 yr. In each orchard, the mealybug was sampled in different infested strata (canopy, trunk, and soil) and canopy structures (flower, fruit, leaf, and twig). Results showed that, within the sampled strata, D. aberiae was mostly in the canopy. Within the canopy, the feeding location of D. aberiae changed throughout the year. D. aberiae overwintered in the twigs and moved to the flowers and fruits in spring. Once there, its populations started to increase exponentially until August. From February to September, 5-30% of the mealybugs migrated to the trunk and soil. These results will facilitate an early detection of the pest in the areas where it is spreading and improve sampling protocols and pesticide applications.We thank the owners of the orchards for allowing us to use their plantations, especially Placido Calabuig. We thank Debra Westall (UPV) for English corrections. The authors are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and corrections. This research was supported by two predoctoral grants (FPU to V.M.-B. and Val I+d to J.P.-R. from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport and Generalitat Valenciana, respectively), a national project provided by Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) (project no. RTA2014-00067) and the European grants FP7-IAPP #324475 'Colbics' and FP7-IRSES #612566 'Biomodic'.Martínez-Blay, V.; Pérez-Rodríguez, J.; Tena Barreda, A.; Soto Sánchez, AI. (2018). Seasonal Distribution and Movement of the Invasive Pest Delottococcus aberiae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Within Citrus Tree: Implications for Its Integrated Management. Journal of Economic Entomology. 111(6):2684-2692. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy279S26842692111

A classical simulation of nonlinear Jaynes-Cummings and Rabi models in photonic lattices

The interaction of a two-level atom with a single-mode quantized field is one of the simplest models in quantum optics. Under the rotating wave approximation, it is known as the Jaynes-Cummings model and without it as the Rabi model. Real-world realizations of the Jaynes-Cummings model include cavity, ion trap and circuit quantum electrodynamics. The Rabi model can be realized in circuit quantum electrodynamics. As soon as nonlinear couplings are introduced, feasible experimental realizations in quantum systems are drastically reduced. We propose a set of two photonic lattices that classically simulates the interaction of a single two-level system with a quantized field under field nonlinearities and nonlinear couplings as long as the quantum optics model conserves parity. We describe how to reconstruct the mean value of quantum optics measurements, such as photon number and atomic energy excitation, from the intensity and from the field, such as von Neumann entropy and fidelity, at the output of the photonic lattices. We discuss how typical initial states involving coherent or displaced Fock fields can be engineered from recently discussed Glauber-Fock lattices. As an example, the Buck-Sukumar model, where the coupling depends on the intensity of the field, is classically simulated for separable and entangled initial states

Fiscal policy measures adopted since the second wave of the health crisis: the euro area, the United States and the United Kingdom

La persistencia de la crisis sanitaria hizo necesario que las principales economías avanzadas aprobaran nuevas medidas de política fiscal o ampliaran los plazos de las que vencían. Este trabajo resume las principales actuaciones adoptadas desde otoño de 2020 en las principales economías del área del euro (Alemania, Francia, Italia y España), Estados Unidos y Reino Unido, complementando así un trabajo anterior [Cuadro-Sáez et al. (2020)] centrado en las medidas aprobadas durante la primera mitad de 2020. Asimismo, se detallan las acciones tomadas dentro del marco temporal de ayudas de Estado que la Comisión Europea adoptó para proporcionar apoyo directo a las empresas más afectadas y limitar distorsiones en el comercio y la competencia en el mercado interior. Este conjunto de actuaciones ha contribuido a mitigar los riesgos asociados a una retirada temprana del estímulo fiscal. Entre las nuevas medidas adoptadas destacan las provisiones adicionales de apoyo a las empresas en los países europeos, las medidas de ayudas directas a los hogares en Estados Unidos y las nuevas provisiones de apoyo al empleo en el Reino Unido.The persistence of the health crisis made it necessary for the main advanced economies to approve fresh fiscal measures or extend the terms of those that expired. This paper summarises the main actions taken since autumn 2020 in the main euro area economies (Germany, France, Italy and Spain), the United States and the United Kingdom, supplementing a previous paper (Cuadro-Sáez et al. (2020)) that focused on the measures approved in the first half of 2020. Also, the actions taken within the State aid temporary framework, adopted by the European Commission to provide direct support to the most affected firms and to limit trade and competition distortions in the internal market, are detailed. This set of actions has helped to mitigate the risks associated with an early withdrawal of fiscal stimulus. Notable among the new measures adopted is the additional support for firms in European countries, the direct assistance to households in the United States and the new employment support provisions in the United Kingdom

La Actividad Física Adaptada a la diversidad poblacional.

The main objective of this research was to elaborate an adequate  proposal for the programs of Physical Activities and Sports, to be applied in the communities, including persons with mental, physical and sensory  disabilities, starting with a new conception of curricular rules in a way that favors a greater integration in the society, according to the posibilities and potentialities,. There were used some mehods like: the historical - logical, the systemic and structural- functional in order to characterize the current stage of Physical Activities in the communities and to elaborate the new conception to include the different activities planned into the programs, in order  to obtain a greater participation of the population. The application of Physical Activities  adapted to different groups with disabilities favors its integration into the social means, getting rid of the family and institutional lock up and favoring life quality.Elaborar una propuesta de adecuación para los programas de Actividad Física y Deporte que  se apliquen en las comunidades, con la inclusión de personas con discapacidades psíquicas, sensoriales o físico-motor, partiendo de una nueva concepción de adecuaciones curricular, de manera que propicie una mayor integración a la sociedad, en correspondencias con sus posibilidades y potencialidades, constituyó el objetivo principal de esta investigación. Se utilizaron como métodos  investigativo; el histórico lógico,  el sistémico y estructural-funcional para caracterizar el estado actual de la Actividad Física en las comunidades  y conformar la nueva concepción de adaptación de las diferentes actividades planificadas en los programas,  para lograr una mayor participación de sus pobladores. La aplicación de la Actividad Física Adaptada a los diferentes grupos poblacionales con discapacidad favorece la integración al medio social, permitiendo salir del enclaustramiento familiar  e institucional, incidiendo favorablemente en su calidad de vida

Particularidades de la funcionabilidad motriz en el anciano con dismovilidad.

This research had as a main objective to determine the particularities of the motor function of the elder with dismobility, at Antonio Guiteras Reparto, in Bayamo, Granma. For  the development of this investigation there were applied functional tests to evaluate the geronts capacities to perform daily activities. Taking into account the characteristics of the problem it was decided to develop a correlational research with a design of minimum control. There were used research methods like: observation, documents revision and measures.The results express that if it is not necessary the requirement of maximun help in the sample, they present important limitations in their autonomy and in all of the cases it is evidenced a low risk of ulcers due to the blood pressure. However there is always a certain  risk  if the stage of dismobility persists.El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las  particularidades de la funcionabilidad motriz del anciano con dismovilidad en el reparto “Antonio Guiteras” de Bayamo, Granma. En el desarrollo de la investigación se aplicaron pruebas funcionales para evaluar la capacidad que tienen los gerontes para desempeñar actividades de la vida diaria. Teniendo en cuenta las características de la problemática se decidió desarrollar una investigación correlacional con un diseño de control mínimo. Se utilizaron como métodos  investigativos; la observación, revisión de documentos y la medición.Los resultados manifiestan, que si bien no es necesario el requerimiento del máximo auxilio posible en la muestra objeto de estudio, ellos presentan limitaciones importantes en su autonomía y en todos los casos existe muy bajo riesgo de padecer úlceras por presión, no obstante está presente cierto peligro si mantiene el estado de dismovilidad existente

Análise socioeconómica do barrio de Sar

Traballo realizado para a materia de Desenvolvemento Rexional e Desenvolvemento Local do Grao en Economía en virtude do Proxecto de innovación en Aprendizaxe-Servizo (ApS). Curso 2017-2018O Barrio de Sar leva o nome do río que o cruza; creceu ao redor do camiño sur da entrada á cidade de Santiago de Compostela. A súa configuración quedou determinada polo río e polo antigo mosteiro. O pequeno núcleo inicial foise unindo paulatinamente á cidade e os vellos camiños son hoxe rúas urbanas aínda que, a pesar diso, o barrio conserva aínda a súa esencia rural nas súas hortas e nas súas edificacións tradicionai

Reduction of respiratory blurring in small-animal CT scans based on a fast retrospective gating method

[Abstract] The 22nd International Congress and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, June 25-28, 2008The purpose of the present work was to develop a fast retrospective method to extract the respiratory signal from the CT projections in cone beam geometry and to obtain dynamic breathing studies in small animal scans. The whole process had to be software-based and automatic, avoiding the use of any additional respiratory gating instrumentsPublicad

Validation of a restrospective respiratory gating method for small-animal CT scanners

Proceeding of: 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS '08), Dresden, Germany, 19-25 October 2008We propose a retrospective respiratory gating algorithm to generate dynamic CT studies. To this end, we compared three different methods of extracting the respiratory signal from the projections of small-animal cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners. Given a set of frames acquired from a certain axial angle, subtraction of their average image from each individual frame produces a set of difference images. The respiratory signals were extracted by analyzing the shape of the histogram of these difference images: we calculated the first four central and non-central moments. However, only odd-order moments produced the desired breathing signal, as the even-order moments lacked information about the phase. Each of these curves was compared to a reference signal recorded by means of a pneumatic pillow. Given the similar correlation coefficients yielded by all of them, we selected the mean to implement our retrospective protocol. Respiratory phase bins were separated, reconstructed independently and included in a dynamic sequence, suitable for cine playback. We validated our method in 5 adult rat studies by comparing profiles drawn across the diaphragm dome, with and without retrospective respiratory gating. Results showed a sharper transition in the gated reconstruction, with an average slope improvement of 60.7%.This project was supported by the CENIT Programme (Ministerio de Industria), CIBER CB07/09/0031 and RETICRECAVA (Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo), and TEC2007-64731 TCM (Ministerio de Educaci6n y Ciencia)