Los Axophyllinae del Suroeste de España: una revisión

A revision of the state of knowledge of the solitary axophyllids that have been grouped in the subfamily Axophyllinae (family Axophyllidae) and the description of the specimens collected in Sierra Morena (south-western Spain) is accomplished. This group of rugose corals has been reported frequently in the Carboniferous from Australia to North America and from China to Western Europe. However, some of the supposed records belong to other coral families that show some features in common, such as Geyerophyllidae and Aulophyllidae. After a detailed revision of the bibliographic references and some of the types, the genera included in this subfamily are: Axophyllum, Gangamophyllum, Pareynia, Semenophyllum, Protocarcinophyllum and the new genus Morenaphyllum. The genus Axoclisia remains as a doubtful member of the family. Axophyllinae are common in south-western Spain. They have been recorded and cited from the Guadiato Area and Los Santos de Maimona Basin comprising upper Viséan (Asbian, Brigantian) and Serpukhovian rocks, but most of those records remain undescribed. The record of Axophyllinae in Sierra Morena comprises ten species belonging to Axophyllum (four of them are new; A. cozari, A. julianaense, A. spinosum, A. spiralum), two species belonging to Gangamophyllum, one belonging to Pareynia (a new one, P. viacrucense) and two belonging to the new genus Morenaphyllum (M. antolinense, M. boyerense). The stratigraphic record of the Axophyllinae in Sierra Morena fi ts well with the distribution of the same species in other regions (mainly Western Europe and North Africa), with a few exceptions. A.mendipense occurs later than in Britain and Belgium and A. tazoultense and A.pseudokirsopianum occur earlier than in North Africa. A tentative phylogeny is proposed. The genus Axophyllum is the ancestor of all other genera of the subfamily and at least five evolutionary lineages can be traced in that genus, from the ancestor (Axophyllum simplex) to the youngest record, A. moroccoense. The Axophyllinae should be considered as biogeographic markers of the Palaeotethys, because all citations of taxa beyond that ocean are erroneous. Their stratigraphic range is from lower Viséan to Bashkirian, having an acme in the upper Viséan, both in abundance and diversity. Their occurrences in the Bashkirian are local records in some refuges before their extinction.Se ha abordado una revision de los corales solitarios de la subfamilia Axophyllinae y la descripción de los axophyllinos recolectados en el Carbonífero de Sierra Morena (Suroeste de España). Este grupo de corales ha sido mencionado frecuentemente en el Cabonífero desde Australia hasta América del Norte y desde China hasta Europa Occidental. Sin embargo, muchos de los supuestos registros correponden a otras familias de corales rugosos tales como Geyerophyllidae o Aulophyllidae. Tras una detallada revisión que ha incluido el estudio de algunos de los tipos, los géneros que se incluyen en esta familia son: Axophyllum, Gangamophyllum, Pareynia, Semenophyllum, Protocarcinophyllum y el nuevo género Morenaphyllum. El género Axoclisia se considera como dudoso miembro de esta familia. Los Axophyllinae son frecuentes en el suroeste de España. Se han citado y descrito en el Área del Guadiato y en la Cuenca de Los Santos de Maimona en rocas del Asbiense, Brigantiense y Serpukhoviense, pero la mayoría de los hallazgos no han sido descritos aún. El registro de Axophyllinae en Sierra Morena comprende diez especies de Axophyllum (cuatro nuevas), dos especies de Gangamophyllum, una de Pareynia (nueva) y dos del nuevo género Morenaphyllum. La distribución estratigráfica de los Axophyllinae en Sierra Morena es consistente con la distribución de las mismas especies en otras áreas (básicamente Europa Occidental y Norte de África), con tres excepciones. A.mendipense aparece más tarde que en las islas Británicas y Bélgica y A. tazoultense y A.pseudokirsopianum aparecen antes que en el Norte de África. Se ha establecido un árbol filogenético tentativo para los Axophyllinae. Parece claro que el género Axophyllum es el ancestor de los demás géneros de la subfamilia y se proponen al menos cinco líneas evolutivas desde la especie más antigua y posible ancestro de todo el grupo (Axophyllum simplex) hasta el registro más moderno, A. moroccoense. Los Axophyllinae deben ser considerados como marcadores del Palaeotethys , porque todas las citas externas a este océano son erróneas. La distribución estratigráfica de los Axophyllinos va desde el Viseense inferior hasta el Bashkiriense, estando su apogeo, tanto en abundancia como en diversidad, en el Viseense superior. Las menciones en el Bashkiriense son registros locales en algunos refugios antes de su definitiva extinción.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)Universidad Complutense de Madridpu

Origin and evolution of the genera Lonsdaleia and Actinocyathus: Insights for the Mississippian palaeogeography from the western Palaeotethys

Representatives of the subfamily Lonsdaleiinae Chapman, 1893 are common in the Mississippian of the western Palaeotethys. A general analysis of the origin, distribution and evolution of that subfamily has been undertaken. The most probable hypothesis for the origin of the genus Lonsdaleia McCoy, 1849 is to acquire colonialism via the genus Axophyllum Milne Edwards and Haime, 1851. Actinocyathus d’Orbigny, 1849 would be a descendant of Lonsdaleia by increasing integration in the colonies. The first occurrences of Lonsdaleia have been recorded in the lower Visean from northern Britain and northern Tianshan Mountains of northwestern China, but the diversification and migration to the whole Palaeotethys only happened in the late Visean. Three hypotheses are proposed on that matter. The Serpukhovian was also a period of migrations and diversification for these genera. Both Lonsdaleia and Actinocyathus have been recorded in Bashkirian refuges, the Sverdrup Basin in northern Laurasia and the Tindouf Basin in northern Africa, respectively. The division of the western Palaeotethys into six subprovinces based on the distribution of corals is proposed.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónMinisterio de Universidadespu

Foraminifères et algues calcaires dans les roches brigantiennes comme guides pour la reconnaissance de l'intervalle de la limite Viséen-Serpukhovien du Maroc.

Revision of foraminifers, algae and problematic algae of well-known late Viséan formations in the Jerada syncline in the Eastern Meseta, Azrou-Khenifra Basin in the Central Meseta and Oued Cherrat in the Western Meseta, suggests that the recognition of the chronostratigraphic units within this period lacks most of the foraminiferal markers in the Western European foraminiferal biozonations. Many taxa recorded in the Moroccan Meseta are considered as late Asbian guides in Western Europe, but in the Meseta, they are first recorded in the early Brigantian. Although some foraminiferal taxa are proposed as guides for the early Brigantian in Morocco, this substage is far more easily recognized by the algal and problematic algal assemblages. In contrast, the late Brigantian, and thus, the equivalent to the lower part of the Serpukhovian, is recognized by typical foraminifers that have been also recorded in Western Europe. Moreover, the algae do not display any significant change at this level. The unusual and unrepresentative foraminiferal assemblages recorded from the Brigantian in Morocco, suggest that most of the numerous outcrops and sections ascribed to the late Asbian in the literature should be revised because, as is demonstrated in a few cases in this study, those outcrops probably belong to younger Brigantian chronostratigraphic units.Une révision des foraminifères, des algues et des algues problématiques dans les formations bien connues du Bassin de Jérada (Méséta orientale), du Bassin d’Azrou-Khenifra (Méséta centrale) et de l’Oued Cherrat (Méséta occidentale), révèle que l’identification des unités chronostratigraphiques durant le Viséen supérieur est rendue difficile par l’absence fréquente des foraminifères-guides dont on dispose dans les biozonations d’Europe occidentale. La plupart des taxons trouvés dans la Méséta marocaine pourraient être considérés comme des guides de l’Asbien supérieur, tels qu’en Europe occidentale, mais dans la Méséta ils ne se rencontrent qu’au cours du Brigantien inférieur. Bien que des foraminifères aient été proposés comme guides du Brigantien inférieur au Maroc, ce sous-étage se caractérise plus aisément par les assemblages d’algues et d’algues problématiques. Au contraire le Brigantien supérieur, et donc la base du Serpukhovien, est facilement reconnaissable grâce à des foraminifères qu’on trouve aussi en Europe occidentale, alors que les algues ne montrent aucun chan-gement significatif durant cette période. Les associations typiques et atypiques de foraminifères qu’on trouve au Brigantien incitent à penser que nombre de coupes et d’affleurements attribués à l’Asbiensupérieur, dans la littérature marocaine, sont à reviser, car, comme cela est prouvé en quelques caspar cette étude, de tels affleurements pourraient appartenir à des unités chronostratigraphiques plusrécentes du Brigantien.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidadespu

Descripción de los corales rugosos y tabulados del Serpukhoviense de las formaciones Idmarrach y Tirhela (Adarouch, Marruecos)

Se describen los corales rugosos y tabulados de las formaciones Idmarrach y Tirhela, que se localizan en el área de Adarouch, en la Meseta central de Marruecos. Se han identificado 32 especies de corales rugosos pertenecientes a 19 géneros y una especie de coral tabulado. Las asociaciones de edad Serpukhoviense de las formaciones estudiadas están compuestas en su mayoría por especies que tienen su máximo desarrollo en el Viseense superior. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los taxones identificados en Adarouch han sido mencionados previamente en rocas del Serpukhoviense de otras regiones del Paleotethys occidental y las cuencas epicontinentales del norte de África. Las asociaciones de corales están dominadas por corales coloniales pertenecientes a la familia Lithostrotionidae y por corales solitarios pertenecientes a la familia Aulophyllidae. Son también frecuentes los representantes de las familias Axophyllidae, Cyathaxoniidae, Cyathopsidae, Palaeosmiliidae, Stereophrentidae y Zaphrentoididae. El medio de desarrollo de los corales estudiados fue una plataforma carbonatada interna a media con importantes aportes de terrígenos finos.The Serpukhovian coral assemblages from the Idmarrach and Tirhela formations in Central Morocco are described. 32 rugose species belonging to 19 genera and 1 tabulate species have been identified. The Serpukhovian assemblages are composed mostly of species that have their greater abundance in the upper Viséan. However, most recorded taxa in Adarouch have been already mentioned in Serpukhovian rocks from other regions in the Palaeotethys and in North African epicontinental basins. The coral assemblage is dominated by colonial corals belonging to the family Lithostrotionidae and solitary corals belonging to the family Aulophyllidae. In addition, representatives of the families Axophyllidae, Cyathaxoniidae, Cyathopsidae, Palaeosmiliidae, Stereophrentidae and Zaphrentoididae are also present in the assemblages. The environment where the corals lived was mostly an inner to middle carbonate platform with a minor but significant input of terrigenous sediments.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)pu

From Global Theories to Local Practice and Original Knowledge: Learning the Way through Systems Co-Design

Information focused, learning centered, and systems enabled, Informed Systems (Somerville, United States) guides collaborative design (co-design) of the University for Business and Technology Knowledge Center in Pristina, Kosovo. Conceptual modeling activities since April 2017 engage students in integrating Informed Learning theory (Bruce, Australia) and Soft Systems Methodology (Checkland, England) to progress a shared vision to make local knowledge visible through co-created systems, services, and resources. Foundational Informed Learning categories, information and communication technologies, information sources, and information and knowledge generation - to progress information curation and knowledge management – illustrate the transformative potential of this theory-to-practice initiative, customized to local priorities and values

Disentangling the Impact of Social Disadvantage on ‘Becoming Employable’: Evidence from STEM Student University-to-Work Transitions

This article aims to examine alternative explanations of social disadvantage on the university-to-work transition experiences of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) students. ‘Becoming employable’ during the university-to-work transition is reflected in three ways: students’ cognition/patterns of thinking (i.e., perceived employability); affect/emotion (i.e., anxiety); and career-related behaviour (i.e., job search and networking). To understand how social disadvantage affects ‘becoming employable’, we examine three potential explanations: students’ social background, type of higher education institution attended and individual financial strain. A cross-sectional survey design targeted at final year students in two UK Higher Education Institutions provided 288 survey responses. Findings show support for an institutional explanation to ‘becoming employable’. The study contributes to our understanding of social disadvantage during preparation for labour market entry and the ‘employable graduate’ identity construction process. Practical recommendations focus on alleviating some of the pressures on socially disadvantaged student

Foraminifers in the Holkerian Stratotype, regional substage in Britain:key taxa for the Viséan subdivision

Foraminiferal revision of the Holkerian Stratotype of Britain at Barker Scar, Holker Hall, south Cumbria, UK, allows the subdivision of the section into the Cf4δ, Cf5α and Cf5β subzones (the latter being further subdivided into lower Cf5β1 and upper Cf5β2 intervals). The base of Cf5α subzone at the base of bed C and base of Cf5β subzone from the middle part of bed C, occur at 14 m and 10.5 m, respectively, below the traditional basal boundary of the Holkerian at bed K. The lower boundaries of these foraminiferal subzones occur within the main interval affected by dolomitization in the section, which poses problems in defining precisely the bases for these subzones. Nevertheless, in spite of the dolomitization, a more or less continuous foraminiferal record allows a solid correlation of the base of the Cf5β with the preserved succession in the Livian Substage (defined in Belgium, but also used in France), and it is assumed that the base of this substage should correspond to the base of the Cf5α subzone. The base of the Cf5α subzone can be correlated with the base of the Russian Tulian Substage, since it contains many taxa in common with the Holkerian. However, further investigation is needed to establish other levels of correlation (e. g., base of the Cf5β subzone) higher up in the Holkerian substage. All of these problems suggest that the Holkerian, as it is currently recognised, and the Barker Scar stratotype section, in particular, should be reconsidered, and a new para-stratotype section, ideally devoid of dolomitization, should be located and investigated, in order to corroborate the occurrence of the Cf5α and Cf5β foraminiferal subzones compared to those recognised in the Barker Scar Stratotype. These modifications would allow identification of an apparent synchronous faunal event forming the basis of a future subdivision of the Viséan

High-resolution definition and correlation of the Asbian-Brigantian boundary in northern England and the Scottish borders, using foraminiferal diversity and richness

Foraminiferal diversity and taxa richness from beds transitional between the Asbian and Brigantian substages (Middle Mississippian) show patterns of secular change which allow detailed inter-regional correlations to be established. Foraminifera from the Askrigg Block, Stainmore Trough, Alston Block, South Cumbria Shelf and Solway Basin show similar secular changes (foraminiferal trends, FTs), allowing correlation to be made with the basal Brigantian Stratotype at Janny Wood. Despite the absence of consistent microfossil first occurrence markers for the recognition of the base of the Brigantian, this horizon can be confidently recognised by means of foraminiferal trends. The FTs allow the precise location of the base of the correlated Brigantian in sections where this boundary was questioned or controversial in previous studies, as well as to amend the position of the foraminiferal zones and subzones during the late Asbian and basal Brigantian. This type of analysis when used in combination with foraminiferal zonations, emergent surfaces and lithological cyclicity, together, provide a robust means for high-resolution correlation. This methodology, provides the least uncertainty in sections that have been most densely sampled, whereas for less intensely sampled sections there is more correlation uncertainty

Inventory and analysis of the distribution of Viséan corals from the Guadiato Area (Córdoba, SW Spain)

he coral content of the Visean rocks from the Guadiato Area (SW Spain) have been studied during the last 25 years. Part of the coral assemblages have been previously described, but never as whole. The 69 recorded coral species belonging to Rugosa, Tabulata and Heterocorallia are illustrated. The family Antiphyllidae is represented by two genera and three species; the family Laccophyllidae is represented by one species; the family Cyathaxoniidae is represented by one genus and two species; the family Amplexidae is represented by one species; the family Zaphrentoididae is represented by one species; the family Plerophyllidae is represented by one species; the family Polycoeliidae is represented by one species; the family Pentaphyllidae is represented by one species; the family Cyathopsidae is represented by four genera and five species; the family Bothrophyllidae is represented by one species, the family Aulophyllidae is represented by nine genera and ten species; the family Palaeosmiliidae is represented by four genera and four species; the family Lithostrotionidae is represented by five genera and sixteen species; the family Axophyllidae is represented by three genera and thirteen species; the family Geyerophyllidae is represented by one species; the family Heterophyllidae is represented by two genera and two species; the family Syringoporidae is represented by one species; the family Multithecoporidae is represented by one genus and three species; the family Syringolitidae is represented by one species; the family Pyrgiidae is represented by one species. The degree of abundance and diversity is regarded as moderate and the degree of endemism is low. The significance of the coral assemblages for biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography and environmental palaeontology is analysed