The Effects of Food Preservatives on the Longevity of Drosophila Melanogaster (MWHXFLR)

Bu çalışmada, dört gıda katkı maddesinin (sodyum nitrit, sodyum nitrat, potasyum nitrit ve potasyum nitrat) Drosophila melanogaster’de (mwhxflr) ömür uzunluğuna etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deneylerde Drosophila melanogaster’in multiple wing hair ve flare ırkları çaprazlanmıştır. Üçüncü dönem Trans heterozigot larvalara test kimyasalları 75 mM’lık konsantrasyonlarda uygulanmıştır. Drosophila melanogaster’in (mwh x flr) hayat tablosu verileri değerlendirilmiş ve en düşük ortalama ömür uzunluğu sodyum nitrit uygulanan grupta bulunmuştur. Kimyasallar ömür uzunluğuna etkilerine göre şu şekilde sıralanabilirler: Potasyum nitrit, sodyum nitrat, potasyum nitrat ve kontrol grubu. Ayrıca tüm gruplardaki deney sonuçları dişi bireylerin erkek bireylerden daha uzun yaşadıklarını göstermektedir. Nitrit içeren uygulama gruplarındaki ortalama ömür uzunluğunun nitrat içeren gruplara oranla daha kısa olduğu belirlenmiştir.In this study, the effects of four food preservatives (sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, and potassium nitrate and potassium nitrite) on the longevity of Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. In the experiments mwh and flr strains of Drosophila melanogaster were hybridized. Third-instars larvae trans-heterozygous were treated of the test compounds at a concentration of 75 mM. Life span data of Drosophila melanogaster (mwh x flr) were evaluated and the lowest mean life span was found to be groups of sodium nitrite. Chemicals used were ranked as potassium nitrite, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and control group according to effects of life span. In addition, experimental result show that all of the groups female survived longer than male. The treatment groups which contain nitrite of mean life span was determined shorter than the treatment groups which contain nitrate

Lower Palaeozoic-Paleogene geological development of a deep-water rift (Güzelsu Corridor) along the northern continental margin of the Southern Neotethys in the Eastern Mediterranean region: Evidence from the Antalya Complex and the adjacent Tauride Carbonate Platform

Rift basins in mountain belts shed light on the palaeogeography and tectonic development of adjacent sutured ocean basins, as for the Antalya Complex in the S Neotethys region. Based on literature review, supplemented by multidisciplinary new data, the Antalya Complex in this area represents an Upper Permian-Triassic rift basin and subsequent Jurassic-Cretaceous passive margin that encompasses a marginal shallow-water carbonate platform, slope facies and deeper water axial pelagic sediments and basaltic volcanics. The rift basin was bordered to the north by the Tauride Carbonate Platform, and to the south by the metamorphic Alanya Massif farther south. The S Neotethys was located further south, adjacent to N Africa.The evidence comes from a critical but little known E-W trending segment of the Antalya Complex (Antalya Nappes) in the east of the regional Isparta Angle (an orocline), known as the Güzelsu Corridor. To the south of the Tauride Carbonate Platform, the Güzelsu Corridor exposes three tectonic units within the Antalya Complex of Early Palaeozoic-Late Cretaceous age. The Lower Unit represents the proximal-distal slope of the Tauride platform. The Middle Unit preserves U. Permian-U. Cretaceous axial rift and passive margin settings. The Upper Unit (Gündoğmuş, Kavzandağ and Katrandağ thrust sheets) documents L. Palaeozoic pre-rift sediments, unconformably overlain by Permian-Triassic syn-rift units and a post-rift Jurassic-Cretaceous carbonate platform.Geochemical data highlight the rift-related setting of Upper Permian and Upper Triassic basaltic rocks in both the Middle and Upper Units. Radiolarian biochronology shows that the Middle Unit includes radiolarites of Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous (Campanian) age. Calcareous microfossil data shed light on facies development within the Antalya Complex and along the southern margin of the Tauride Carbonate Platform. Sedimentological and petrographic evidence help indicate depositional environments and processes. Structural data shed light on the emplacement of the Antalya Complex and its relation to the metamorphic Alanya Massif. Comparisons with counterparts of the Antalya Complex around the periphery of the Isparta Angle provide a regional palaeogeographic context.The Antalya Complex in the study area began to rift during the Late Permian, with initial localised alkaline basaltic volcanism. Further rifting (pulsed) and deepening took place during the Early to Middle Triassic. More extensive alkaline volcanics erupted during the Late Triassic (Carnian), coupled with terrigenous turbidites (Mid-Late Triassic), culminating in continental break-up to form the S Neotethys regionally (Carnian-Norian). Accumulation below the carbonate compensation depth took place within the deep-water rift basin during Jurassic-Late Cretaceous.Related to Late Cretaceous subduction, the Alanya microcontinent subducted northwards beneath the Antalya rift and the Tauride Carbonate Platform to the north. Initial collision dissected the rift and its margins into the three major tectonic units. Polymictic debris flows (olistostromes) were emplaced onto the southern margin of the Tauride platform during the latest Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian). Following partial exhumation, the Alanya Massif was thrust northwards, shedding metamorphic debris onto the adjacent Tauride platform (Early-Middle Eocene). Post-suture tightening (e.g., transcurrent faulting) occurred prior to Miocene transgression. The regional Eocene deformation was probably driven by final closure of Neotethyan ocean farther north

A comparıson of raıl system alternatıves and the magnetıc levıtatıon traıns (maglev) by usıng multı crıterıa evaluatıon method

Hızlı trenlerin en yeni teknolojisi olan MAGLEV treninin kullanımı dünya genelinde yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. MAGLEV treninin kullanılması alternatifi Türkiye'de de tartışılmaya başlansa da, bu türün Türkiye'de bir ulaşım türü olarak kullanılması için gerekli teknik araştırmalar henüz çok yenidir. Bu çalışmada, MAGLEV trenin Türkiye'de kullanılması halinde diğer alternatif karşısındaki avantajları ve dezavantajları araştırılmıştır. Ulaştırma yatırımlarında seçenekler arasında değerlendirme yapmak için de kullanılan çok ölçütlü değerlendirme yöntemi ile daha önce maliyet analizi yapılmış olan bir hattın (Kuzey-Güney Kaliforniya hattı-ABD) değerleri kullanılarak Türkiye'deki alternatifler için olası senaryolar incelenmiştir. Çok ölçütlü değerlendirme yönteminde etkili olan ölçütlerin ağırlıklarının belirlenmesinde uzman görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, raylı sistem tercihleri oluşturulurken Türkiye'de henüz kullanılmayan MAGLEV tren alternatifinin tartışılmaya değer olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.The use of the MAGLEV, which is the most recent technology of high speed trains, is being worldwide spread. The use of the MAGLEV in Turkey is also discussed, although the technical research on the use of this mode as a transport mode in Turkey is very new. In this study, advantages and disadvantages of the MAGLEV train against other alternatives have been researched in case of use in Turkey. The multi-criteria analysis method, which is used also in transport alternatives, has been applied with the pre-determined cost-analysis values of a MAGLEV route (North-South California route-USA) to the possible scenarios for different alternatives in Turkey. By estimating the weights of the criteria of multiple criteria evaluation method, expert opinions have been taken. The same method was adopted in this study. The results obtained show that MAGLEV train, although not used in Turkey yet, worth to discussing as an alternative rail system preference

Apa Baraj Gölü’nde Yaşayan Squalius cephalus (L., 1758)’un Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri

In the present study, sex and age distribution, growth, reproduction properties and condition factor of Squalius cephalus (L., 1758), Inhabiting Apa Dam Lake, were investigated. The ages of S. cephalus were determined in the range of I to V. of the investigated samples, 45.36% were female and 43.46% were male. The minimum fork length of this species was 131 mm, the lowest weight was 30 g, the maximum fork length was 307 mm and the highest weight was 438 g. Relation between length and weight was calculated as W = 0.091 x L 2.43 (female+male). First sex maturity was attained at the age of II in males and III in females and spawning occurs between may and july. Monthly gonadosomatic index (GSI) values varied from 1.23 to 7.87. Fecundity increased with the age. Key Words: Squalius cephalus, age and growth, reproduction, Apa Dam Lak

Apa Baraj Gölü (Konya) ’nde Yaşayan Cyprinus carpio (L, 1758) ’nun Bazı Biyolojik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

This study was carried out in Apa Dam Lake between January 2001 and December 2001. Characteristics of sexuality status, age groups, growth and reproduction as well as condition factor of Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) population, which inhabits this dam lake and is of economic importance, was investigated. The age composition of Cyprinus carpio samples were determined to have ranged from I to VIII. Sexual distribution proved to be 41,83 % for females and 43,02 % for males. Minimum fork length of this species was found to be 138 (mm), minimum weight 51 (gr), maximum fork length 525 (mm), and maximum weight 2724 (gr). The highest age- specific number within the population was observed in age group III, whereas the lowest one was in age group VII. Minimum and maximum condition factors were found to be 1,69 in age group VI and 2,26 in age group III, respectively. As far as the seasons are concerned, minimum condition factor was observed 1,84 in July, whereas the maximum one was 2,17 in June. Sexual maturity age was found to be III in the males and IV in the females. Reproduction period was determined to be June and July. GSI values based on the months ranged from 1,64 to 18,78. Fecundity has increased, rising from the age group IV to VIII.Bu çalışma, Ocak-2001, Aralık-2001 tarihleri arasında Apa Baraj Gölü’nde yapılmıştır. Bu baraj gölünde yaşayan ve ekonomik öneme sahip Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) populasyonunun eşey durumu ve yaş grupları, büyüme ve üreme özellikleri ile kondisyon faktörü araştırılmıştır. Cyprinus carpio’ nun I-VIII yaşları arasında dağılım gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Eşey dağılımı %41,83 dişi ve %43,02 erkek bireylerden oluşmuştur. Bu türe ait en küçük çatal boy uzunluğu 138 (mm), en küçük ağırlık 51 (gr), en büyük çatal boy uzunluğu 525 (mm), en büyük ağırlık 2724 (gr) olarak saptanmıştır. Populasyonda en fazla bireye III yaş grubunda, en az bireye ise VII yaş grubunda rastlanılmıştır. Kondisyon faktörü en düşük VI. yaşta 1,69, en yüksek III. yaşta 2,26 ve aylara göre en düşük Temmuz’da 1,84, en yüksek Haziran’da 2,17 olarak bulunmuştur. Eşeysel olgunluğa ulaşma yaşı erkeklerde III. ve dişilerde IV. yaş olarak belirlenmiştir. Üreme zamanı ise Haziran-Temmuz olarak belirlenmiştir. Aylara göre GSÎ değerleri 1,64 -18,78 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Yumurta verimliliği (fekondite) artarak, IV yaştan VIII yaşa doğru yükselmiştir

Green Building Concept with the World's Largest Seismic Isolated Hospital in Turkey

Certification systems used to test green buildings have become popular nowadays. In addition, there has been a gradual increase in the involvement of the players in the construction sector and public awareness of sustainability. These systems, which are useful in mitigating the building's environmental impacts, reveal difficulties in their implementation, especially for devoloping countries. Because of the problems affecting the population, such as air pollution and health problems, most world states came together and held conferences to take joint binding decisions. In Turkey, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is first on the total number of certified green buildings, followed by the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) and the German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB). This article summarizes the methodology used by some of these rating methods, shows a comparative approach between these rating systems, and provides an overview of how green building relates to sustainable development practices. Lastly, the building of the hospital was analyzed using LEED certification system as a case study and the differences in the results were evaluated

Parsing Agglutinative Word Structures and Its Application to Spelling Checking for Turkish

Mr)t of the research on parsing liarlira[ languages has be.'n concerned with I':nglish, or wil, h or.hot languages morphologically similar to lhgliML Parsing agglntinat. ive word structures hms al[racLcd relatiw, ly li[tle a[tenl, ion 111(3st iwobahiy because agghlinative [111gtlitg(?$ ('OllLaill word structures of considerable complexity, and parsing words in such languages requiros mOrl>hological anMysis techniques. ht this pal)er, we present tho design and implementation of t morphological rootdrivpn parsor for Turkish word smctnt'es which has been mcorpora;cd inlo a p(,lling checking kernel fi)r cmAine 'l'arkiMl text. '1 he agghtmative natufo of th(, language and lh(. r(,sulting usmdly ,ncount.'rpd in the sp.lling checking of lauguages Ilk. lqnglish and make this a vory challenging prol)lenL 1

Kayaboğazı Baraj Gölü (Kütahya-Türkiye)' nde yaşayan kadife balığı (Tinca tinca L., 1758)' nın üreme biyolojisi

Bu çalışma, Ocak-1996, Aralık-1997 tarihleri arasında Kayaboğazı Baraj Gölü'nde yapılmıştır. Bu periyot süresince 424 birey incelenmiştir, incelenen örneklerde dişi ve erkek bireylerin I-V1I yaş arasında dağılım gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Çatal boy ve ağırlık dişi ve erkeklerde sırasıyla 102-277 mm, 15-377,02 g ve 125-274 mm, 27-369,02 g'dır. Dişi ve erkek bireylerin boyları ve ağırlıkları arasında istatistiksel açıdan bir fark bulunmadığı saptanmıştır. Eşey oranı (erkek:dişi) 0,947:1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Gonadosomatik indeks değerleri l ,40-10,19 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Eşeysel olgunluğa ulaşma yaşı erkek ve dişilerde sırasıyla 111 ve IV olarak tespit edilmiştir. Üreme periyodunun Haziran'ın başlangıcından Temmuz ayının sonuna kadar gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. Ortalama yumurta sayısı her bir birey için 42724 ± 5658,93 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Ayrıca, fekondite ile vücut uzunluğu (L) ve vücut ağırlığı (W) arasındaki regresyon eşitlikleri sırasıyla, Log F = -2,18301 + 2,923 log L (r = 0,96) ve Log F = 2,889918 +'0,792 log W (r = 0.97) olarak bulunmuştur.This study was carried out between January 1996 and December 1997 in Kayaboğazı Dam Lake. During this period 424 specimens were examined. The age of females and males ranged from I to VII. The fork length and weight of females and males were 102-277 mm and 15-377.02 g and 125-274 mm and 27-369.02 g, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between females and males in terms of body length and weight.The sex ratio (male:female) was 0.947:1. Gonadosomatic index values varied from 1.40 to 10.19. The sexual maturity age for males and females was 111 and IV, respectively. The spawning period was from the beginning of June to the end of July. The average number of eggs was estimated to be 42,724 ± 5658.93 for each individual. In addition, the regression equations were Log F = -2.18301 + 2.923 log L (r = 0.96) for fecundity and body length (L) and Log F = 2.889918 + 0.792 log W (r = 0.97) for body weight (W)

Axial compression behaviour of concrete-filled auxetic tubular short columns

Concrete-filled steel columns (CFSCs) are of great interest in the literature as they are capable of carrying higher loads by combining the exceptional qualities of steel and concrete. With auxetic materials being introduced to civil engineering applications, the influence of these materials on CFSCs remains a matter of curiosity. The current study implements a nonlinear finite element analysis to evaluate the performance of circular CFSCs with six auxetic tubes under axial compression and the proposed numerical model was validated using published experimental data. The effect of the auxetic steel tube’s porosity and Poisson’s ratio on CFSCs was examined parametrically in terms of ultimate strength using the confined concrete model. Moreover, the stress distributions of the concrete and the auxetic steel tubes were also thoroughly examined. Based on the findings of the analysis, the ultimate load of CFSCs, utilising auxetic tubes with the same density and porosity but different Poisson’s ratio, increased proportionally with the increase of auxetic behaviour. When it comes to auxetic tubes with different densities and porosities, the influence of the Poisson’s ratio of the tubes diminished and the stiffness of tubes became more dominant over the mechanical characteristics of columns as the density of the auxetic steel tubes increased or decreased. The stiffness of the auxetic tubes reduced as porosity increased, as did the ultimate load of the columns. Additionally, the ultimate loads of the auxetic steel tube columns are found to be lower than those of bare steel tube columns filled with concrete due to perforations

The reproductive biology of the tench (Tinca tinca L., 1758) in Kayabogazi (Kütahya, Turkey) Dam Lake

This study was carried out between January 1996 and December 1997 in Kayabogazi Dam Lake. During this period 424 specimens were examined. The age of females and males ranged from I to VII. The fork length and weight of females and males were 102-277 mm and 15-377.02 g and 125-274 mm and 27-369.02 g, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between females and males in terms of body length and weight. The sex ratio (male:female) was 0.947:1. Gonadosomatic index values varied from 1.40 to 10.19. The sexual maturity age for males and females was III and IV, respectively. The spawning period was from the beginning of June to the end of July. The average number of eggs was estimated to be 42,724 ± 5658.93 for each individual. In addition, the regression equations were Log F = -2.18301 + 2.923 log L (r = 0.96) for fecundity and body length (L) and Log F = 2.889918 + 0.792 log W (r = 0.97) for body weight (W)