Archaic words in dialects of the Yakut language

  Archaic words - archaisms and historicisms - make up a huge stratum in the Yakut language. Currently, issues related to the processes and mechanisms of archaization of vocabulary of the Yakut language are not well understood. The article attempts to analyze and systematize archaic words in dialects of the Yakut language. The author of the paper also identified several lexical-semantic groups, which represented the archaic words in the Yakut language.    Key words:  archaisms, historicisms, Yakut language, dialect, dictionar

Processes of Lexical Archaiza-tion and Neologization in Modern Yakut Language

The process of redistribution between the active and passive vocabulary of modern Yakut language is being examined. The reasons for the archaization of vocabulary are identified, outdated words are classified by type and lexical-semantic groups, and a layer of lexical innovations is also identified. The material for the study consisted of lexical units from literary works, periodicals, and Yakut language dictionaries. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive examination and classification of layers of outdated vocabulary, neologisms, and de-archaized Yakut language vocabulary. The distribution of Yakut language archaisms into 14 lexical-semantic groups has been carried out. It has been proven that neologisms arise in the Yakut language through changes in the meaning of existing words, through the infusion of other language stocks, and through the activation of derivation processes based on their own means. It has been revealed that the process of de-archaization in the Yakut language is associated with the revival of traditional foundations of material and spiritual culture of the Yakuts. The results of the study confirm the systemic nature of changes in the lexical composition of the language, as well as their interrelation between phenomena of archaization, de-archaization, and neologization

Composition Designing of Cooked Sausage "Udachnaya" Based on Optimization Principles

This article deals with the process of composition designing of the cooked sausage "Udachnaya" by adding non-meat ingredients to reduce material costs for production, obtain a product with given chemical composition and technological properties, as well as to minimize the occurrence of defects characteristic of cooked sausage products, in particular broth-fat runoffs. As part of the research, complete preparations of the new generation “Biophos 90” and “Bioton gel 651” were used, which did not reduce the nutritional and biological value of meat products and also produced sausage products with high organoleptic and technological properties that are safe for consumer health and the environment. Synthesis of lessons learned in the development of the rational formulation of cooked sausage products shows that the use of mathematical modeling makes it possible to implement a targeted combination of ingredients and deliver the specified chemical composition and variable processing properties with an insignificant change in prime cost. The study was conducted using the technical base and laboratory areas of the Department of Commodity Research, Standardization and Quality Control (Faculty of Animal Science, Commodity Research, and Standardization), as well as the common use center of scientific equipment of FSBEI HE “Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin”. The analytical data presented in this publication may be of interest to students of industry-specific colleges, as well as specialists in the meat industry, and can be implemented in real enterprises. Keywords: Construction, composition, cooked sausage, nutrient additive

A new, purely photometric method for determination of resonance locations in spiral galaxies

The knowledge of the positions of the corotation resonance in spiral arms is a key way to estimate their pattern speed, which is a fundamental parameter determining the galaxy dynamics. Various methods for its estimation have been developed, but they all demonstrate certain limitations and a lack of agreement with each other. Here, we present a new method for estimating the corotation radius. This method takes into account the shape of the profile across the arm and its width and, thus, only photometric data is needed. The significance of the method is that it can potentially be used for the farthest galaxies with measurable spiral arms. We apply it to a sample of local galaxies from Savchenko et al. and compare the obtained corotation radii with those previously measured in the literature by other methods. Our results are in good agreement with the literature. We also apply the new method to distant galaxies from the COSMOS field. For the first time, corotation locations for galaxies with photometric redshifts up to $z\sim0.9$ are measured.Comment: accepted in MNRAS Letter

Superconducting circuits without inductors based on bistable Josephson junctions

Magnetic flux quantization in superconductors allows the implementation of fast and energy-efficient digital superconducting circuits. However, the information representation in magnetic flux severely limits their functional density presenting a long-standing problem. Here we introduce a concept of superconducting digital circuits that do not utilize magnetic flux and have no inductors. We argue that neither the use of geometrical nor kinetic inductance is promising for the deep scaling of superconducting circuits. The key idea of our approach is the utilization of bistable Josephson junctions allowing the representation of information in their Josephson energy. Since the proposed circuits are composed of Josephson junctions only, they can be called all-Josephson junction (all-JJ) circuits. We present a methodology for the design of the circuits consisting of conventional and bistable junctions. We analyze the principles of the circuit functioning, ranging from simple logic cells and ending with an 8-bit parallel adder. The utilization of bistable junctions in the all-JJ circuits is promising in the aspects of simplification of schematics and the decrease of the JJ count leading to space-efficiency

Влияние микроструктуры сплавов на основе магния на катодное выделение водорода

Solubility of several transition metal chlorides (NiCl2, CrCl2, MoCl3, FeCl2) was measured in KCl-AlCl3 based melts. It was found that the solubility of studied metal chlorides depends on K : Al mole ratio. MoCl3 solubility decreases with increasing AlCl3 content. Solubility of CrCl2 and FeCl2 reaches maximum at K : Al ratio of 1 and decreases when this ratio either de-creases or increases. The dependence of NiCl2 solubility on K : Al mole ratio is V-shaped with the maximum near 0.9–0.95. The effect of temperature on solubility of transition metal chlorides in KCl-AlCl3 melts was also investigated. Increasing temperature does not  alter the character of «solubility – K : Al mole ratio» dependences.Исследована эволюция зеренной структуры магниевых сплавов в процессе равноканального углового прессования (РКУП) при 200 ºС. Показано, что РКУП приводит к формированию сильно неоднородной структуры. Установлено, что деформация не оказывает влияния на кинетику реакции выделения водорода (РВВ), но оказывает воздействие на скорость катодного процесса. Сплав AZ31 является более эффективным катодным материалам в щелочных средах по сравнению с магнием и сплавом ZK60

The Younger Generation in the Modern Socio-Demographic Context

The paper examines socio-economic relations that develop in society, when assessing the comfort of the city in relation to the family and children. The study aims to analyse comfort, security and development of the younger generation in the urban environment of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the modern socio-demographic context. Methods-operations (analysis) and empirical methods (surveys) were utilised. The research results were presented to the government of the republic to develop measures to increase the level of family and child friendliness of cities. Following the Concept of «Family and Child Friendly City», the study proposes ways to solve the aforementioned problems, starting from the municipal level. With the introduction of a four-level system (including the municipal one), the most important tasks will be solved: increasing the friendliness of the urban environment to the family and children, maintaining the prestige of the family with children and, at the same time, increasing the demographic potential of the younger generationПредмет исследования — социально-экономические отношения, складывающиеся в обществе, при оценке дружественности города по отношению к семье и детям. Целью исследования выступает изучение уровня комфортности, безопасности и развития подрастающего поколения в условиях городской среды Республики Башкортостан в современном социально-демографическом контексте. Теоретическими методами исследования выступили методы-операции (анализ) и эмпирические методы (опрос). Результаты проведенного исследования представлены Правительству Республики Башкортостан для разработки мер по повышению уровня дружественности городов к семье и детям. В процессе проведенного исследования в рамках Концепции «Город, дружественный семье и детям» в качестве направления совершенствования предложено решение этих проблем начиная с муниципального уровня. С введением четырехуровневой системы (включая муниципальный) будут решаться важнейшие задачи: повышение дружественности городской среды к семье и детям, поддержание престижа семьи с детьми и вместе с этим повышение демографического потенциала подрастающего поколения

Organization of Extracurricular Physical Recreation Classes to Restore Students' Working Capacity

В статье рассматриваются особенности внеурочных занятий по физической рекреации, как способа восстановления работоспособности и организации активного отдыха студентов. Перечислены основные проблемы со здоровьем, которые возможно решить с помощью занятий по физической рекреации. А также благодаря проведенному анкетированию, были получены результаты об актуальности реализации занятий по физической рекреации, затем были выявлены виды занятий, которые больше всего понравились студентам, частота проявления симптомов снижения работоспособности и меры решения данной проблемы.The article discusses the features of extracurricular physical recreation classes as a way to restore working capacity and organize active recreation of students. The main health problems that can be solved with the help of physical recreation classes are listed. And also thanks to the survey conducted, results were obtained on the relevance of the implementation of physical recreation classes, then the types of classes that students liked the most, the frequency of symptoms of decreased performance and measures to solve this problem were identified

Features of Psychological Training of Swimmers for Competitions

В статье рассмотрено значение психологической подготовки пловцов к соревнованиям. Представлены основные методы, которые используются при психологической подготовке пловцов перед соревнованиями и во время них