The precarity of patient participation - a qualitative interview study of experiences from the acute stroke and rehabilitation journey

Introduction: Active patient participation is an important factor in optimizing post-stroke recovery, yet it is often low, regardless of stroke severity. The reasons behind this trend are unclear. Purpose: To explore how people who have suffered a stroke, perceive the transition from independence to dependence and whether their role in post-stroke rehabilitation influences active participation Methods: In-depth interviews with 17 people who have had a stroke. Data were analyzed using systematic text condensation informed by the concept of autonomy from enactive theory. Results: Two categories emerged. The first captures how the stroke and the resultant hospital admission produces a shift from being an autonomous subject to “an object on an assembly line.” Protocol-based investigations, inactivity, and a lack of patient involvement predominantly determine the hospital context. The second category illuminates how people who have survived a stroke passively adapt to the hospital system, a behavior that stands in contrast to the participatory enablement facilitated by community. Patients feel more prepared for the transition home after inpatient rehabilitation rather than following direct discharge from hospital. Conclusion: Bodily changes, the traditional patient role, and the hospital context collectively exacerbate a reduction of individual autonomy. Thus, an interactive partnership between people who survived a stroke and multidisciplinary professionals may strengthen autonomy and promote participation after a stroke

Development of satiating and palatable high-protein meat products by using experimental design in food technology

Background and objectives: Foods high in protein are known to satiate more fully than foods high in other constituents. One challenge with these types of food is the degree of palatability. This study was aimed at developing the frankfurter style of sausages that would regulate food intake as well as being the preferred food choice of the consumer. Design and measures: 16 sausage varieties with commercial (PE% 20) or higher amount of protein (PE% 40), being modified with vegetable fat (3% of rapeseed oil), and smoked or not, underwent a sensory descriptive analysis, in which the information was used to choose a subsample of four sausages for a satiety test. Twenty-seven subjects were recruited based on liking and frequency of sausage consumption. The participants ranged in age from 20 to 28, and in body mass index (BMI) between 19.6 and 30.9. The students were served a sausage meal for five consecutive days and then filled out a questionnaire to describe their feelings of hunger, satiety, fullness, desire to eat an their prospective consumption on a visual analogue scale (VAS) starting from right before, right after the meal, every half hour for 4 h until the next meal was served, and right after the second meal. Results and conclusion: The higher protein sausages were less juicy, oily, fatty, adhesive, but harder and more granular than with lower amount of protein. The high-protein sausages were perceived as more satiating the first 90 min after the first meal. Some indication of satiety effect of added oil versus meat fat. No significant differences in liking among the four sausage varieties

Excellence initiatives in Nordic research policies. Policy issues - tensions and options

This report presents results from a research project (PEAC) studying the impact of funding schemes for Centres of Excellence (CoE) in the Nordic countries

Effect of leukoreduction and temperature on risk of bacterial growth in CPDA-1 whole blood: A study of Escherichia coli

Background Collection of non-leukoreduced citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1) whole blood is performed in walking blood banks. Blood collected under field conditions may have increased risk of bacterial contamination. This study was conducted to examine the effects of WBC reduction and storage temperature on growth of Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922™) in CPDA-1 whole blood. Methods CPDA-1 whole blood of 450 ml from 10 group O donors was inoculated with E. coli. Two hours after inoculation, the test bags were leukoreduced with a platelet-sparing filter. The control bags remained unfiltered. Each whole blood bag was then split into three smaller bags for further storage at 2–6°C, 20–24°C, or 33–37°C. Bacterial growth was quantified immediately, 2 and 3 h after inoculation, on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 for all storage temperatures, and on days 21 and 35 for storage at 2–6°C. Results Whole blood was inoculated with a median of 19.5 (range 12.0–32.0) colony-forming units per ml (CFU/ml) E. coli. After leukoreduction, a median of 3.3 CFU/ml (range 0.0–33.3) E. coli remained. In the control arm, the WBCs phagocytized E. coli within 24 h at 20–24°C and 33–37°C in 9 of 10 bags. During storage at 2–6°C, a slow self-sterilization occurred over time with and without leukoreduction. Conclusions Storage at 20–24°C and 33–37°C for up to 24 h before leukoreduction reduces the risk of E. coli-contamination in CPDA-1 whole blood. Subsequent storage at 2–6°C will further reduce the growth of E. coli.publishedVersio

Utprøving av intervensjon for optimalisering av funksjon, fysisk aktivitet og arbeidsdeltakelse ved multippel sklerose

publishedVersio

Dental erosive wear and salivary flow rate in physically active young adults

Background Little attention has been directed towards identifying the relationship between physical exercise, dental erosive wear and salivary secretion. The study aimed i) to describe the prevalence and severity of dental erosive wear among a group of physically active young adults, ii) to describe the patterns of dietary consumption and lifestyle among these individuals and iii) to study possible effect of exercise on salivary flow rate. Methods Young members (age range 18-32 years) of a fitness-centre were invited to participate in the study. Inclusion criteria were healthy young adults training hard at least twice a week. A non-exercising comparison group was selected from an ongoing study among 18-year-olds. Two hundred and twenty participants accepted an intraoral examination and completed a questionnaire. Seventy of the exercising participants provided saliva samples. The examination was performed at the fitness-centre or at a dental clinic (comparison group), using tested erosive wear system (VEDE). Saliva sampling (unstimulated and stimulated) was performed before and after exercise. Occlusal surfaces of the first molars in both jaws and the labial and palatal surfaces of the upper incisors and canines were selected as index teeth. Results Dental erosive wear was registered in 64% of the exercising participants, more often in the older age group, and in 20% of the comparison group. Enamel lesions were most observed in the upper central incisors (33%); dentine lesions in lower first molar (27%). One fourth of the participants had erosive wear into dentine, significantly more in males than in females (p = 0.047). More participants with erosive wear had decreased salivary flow during exercise compared with the non-erosion group (p < 0.01). The stimulated salivary flow rate was in the lower rage (≤ 1 ml/min) among more than one third of the participants, and more erosive lesions were registered than in subjects with higher flow rates (p < 0.01). Conclusion The study showed that a high proportion of physically active young adults have erosive lesions and indicate that hard exercise and decreased stimulated salivary flow rate may be associated with such wear

Opplevelsen av å vente - Design for barn i møte med stressende situasjoner

Denne masteroppgaven utforsker forskjellige fagdisipliner, naturfenomener og sunn fornuft, for å få kunnskap om hvordan man kan forbedre oppfatningen av å vente, spesielt for barn som venter på noe som kan virke stressende. Ved å konkretisere innsikt til en design brief og svare på briefen gjennom kreativ utforsking, tar den sikte på å foreslå en måte å øke barnets kroppslige bevissthet for å skifte fokus fra det som ligger i nær framtid. Resultatet er et interaktivt balansebrett som heter Tilt. Det er et allsidig objekt som gir grunnlag for all slags lek, hovedsakelig fokusert på barn mellom tre og elleve år. Tilt fremstår som morsom, i tillegg til at det har beroligende egenskaper som påvirker menneskene rundt både direkte og på en mer subtil måte. Det er ikke et leketøy, fordi det ikke har noen feil måte å bli brukt på, og det er ikke et spill, fordi det ikke har noe spesifikt mål. Det er rett og slett en livlig materialisering av teori

God inkassoskikk - inkassolovens bestemmelser og Inkassoklagenemnda som rettesnor

Oppgaven gir en gjennomgang av inkassolovens bestemmelser om god inkassoskikk, og supplerer med utvalgte vedtak fra Inkassoklagenemnda for å belyse hvordan bestemmelsene reguleres i praksis

Drilling performance on the 12 1/4'' section on Smørbukk and Smørbukk Sør in the period from year 1996 - 2014

Master's thesis in Industrial economicsThe cost of drilling wells at the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) has increased drastically. This is one of the focal points both in the media and for the operating companies when it comes to the future of the NCS. For Statoil it is crucial to disclose a reason for increased time consumption on drilling operations. To be able to achieve this, a quantitative breakdown and analysis of the operations on a drilling section must be performed. This thesis aims to identify and quantify the operations contributing to the diminished performance on the selected fields Smørbukk and Smørbukk Sør in the Norwegian Sea. The time period spans from year 1996 to 2014 and all the 58 12 ¼’’ sections drilled are included. The fraction of time spent on the 12 ¼’’ drilling section is somewhat above one third of the total time spent on all of the drilling sections. A higher efficiency in this drilling section will have a high impact on the cost effectiveness and the ability to deliver a well faster. The data set has been divided into two intervals, Interval 1 and Interval 2. This is due to a two year drilling break from year 2002 – 2004. Interval 1 is before the drilling break and interval 2 is after. It is difficult to identify exactly what is the reason for the increased amount of time spent on drilling wells. To be able to analyze the data all the operations in the 12 ¼’’ section were extracted from the drilling reporting system (DBR) and carefully categorized manually. The development of the drilling performance has been investigated and visualized utilizing several different approaches; Displaying the average percentage time distribution on operations in both Interval 1 and Interval 2 by use of pie charts Quantify the average change in the time distribution between the two intervals Showing the change in the trend of the long time performance development for the total time period Comparing the performance in the end of both intervals Showing the learning and batch drilling effects in Interval 1 Outline of the performance of the rigs working on the fields in Interval 1 and 2 The analysis revealed that there was a clear improvement in the drilling and circulation performance itself, but all of the other operations done in the section are contributing towards a declined total performance. Some of the key findings were: The average time spent on the 12 ¼’’ section in Interval 2 has increased by 39,09 hours. Interval 1 was a period of steady improvement and positive development. In the end of the period the performance was at an all-time high. Interval 2 started off at a lower point with regards to performance. There was a decline in performance on all operations from the end of Interval 1 to the start of Interval 2. The good performance gained from learning effects, knowledge IV Siv Hanne Sivertsen, University of Stavanger, 2014. transfer and frequently drilled wells were lost when operations resumed in Interval 2. Average downtime percentage has increased from 8,8 % in the first interval to 13,6 % in the latter. To assure improved drilling performance in the future the effect of batch drilling and continuous operation should not be underestimated. If there is a possibility for having more than one rig drilling at the same time this can provide a competitive environment and synergies with regards to knowledge transfer. Microsoft Excel has been used as a tool for analysis of the data and the graphs presented in this study. In addition Statoil’s reporting system (DBR) and its automated extracts have been utilized. All of the background material is added as appendices in ‘Appendix B - Breakdown of operations of all wells analyzed’