A Duration Analysis of Poverty Transitions in Rural Kenya

Replaced with revised version of paper 10/04/07.Community/Rural/Urban Development,

A Test of the New Economics of Labor Migration Hypothesis: Evidence from Rural Kenya

Replaced with revised version of paper 11/01/06.Labor and Human Capital,

Pre-Service Teachers’ Views Toward Mathematics Anxiety

This paper examines the views of pre-service teachers with regard to the dominaned factors of mathematics anxiety. There were a total of 50 pre-service teachers consisting of; 25 pre-service elementary school teachers, and 25 pre-service secondary mathematics teachersinvolved in this study. Questionnaires are used as data collection tools to see what the participants think about the dominaned factors of mathematics anxiety. The notion of “obstacles to teaching” is used as a framework to analyze the collected data. The analysis is carried out on the basis of three main categories to which teachers attribute views of mathematics anxiety; epistemological causes, psychological causes, and pedagogical causes. The data analysis reveals that pre-serviceteachers’ views toward mathematics anxiety tend to related factor, namely psychological causes. Keywords: mathematics anxiety, pre-service teachers, teachers’ view

Politik als Experiment: Inszenierungen von Jānis Balodis’ Theatertexten „Visi mani prezidenti” („Alle meine Präsidenten”) und „Nacionālais attīstības plāns” („Der Nationale Entwicklungsplan”)

Politics as experiment: the staging of Jānis Balodis’ plays Visi mani prezidenti (All My Presidents) and Nacionālais attīstības plāns (The National Development Plan).The article is dedicated to the analysis of the theatre plays Visi mani prezidenti (2011) and Nacionālais attīstības plāns (2012) by a young Latvian playwright Jānis Balodis (b. 1987) and staging of them by director Valters Sīlis (b. 1985) at Dirty Deal Teatro (Riga, Latvia). Among the Latvian theatre scholars, their work was one of the reasons to herald a formation of the tradition of a political theatre. In the creation of both works the playwright appears to follow the documentary method, which is a widely spread approach at the contemporary European theatre. Balodis employs many facts from politics, economics, and history. However, there is a significant difference between the analyzed works and the present-day documentary style coined particularly by the German-Swiss theatre collective Rimini Protokoll, as well as by its many followers. Based on the facts and involving them, Balodis develops a completely fictional story; he reshapes the “real” event into Utopia. In his book Writing the Political, Hans-Thies Lehmann remarks, in reference to the work of Heiner Müller: the mission of the political art is “to make the reality impossible”. This approach will be used to study the term ‘political’ in the discussed works. How and why the reality has been made impossible? What kinds of narrative strategies are found to be appropriate to reflect on current political events? What do they tell about the role of the artist? Does he have a voice or is he a marginal? Thus, by analyzing the narrative and performative strategies used in Visi mani prezidenti and Nacionālais attīstības plāns, the aim of the article lies in the discussion of understanding of the political in art, in a wider sense. Alongside the work of Balodis and Sīlis, other providing examples from Latvian cultural landscape are also examined

GAMBARAN KEKUATAN OTOT TANGAN DAN KESEIMBANGAN PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

ABSTRAK Diabetes melitus merupakan kondisi kronis yang terjadi ketika kadar glukosa di dalam darah melebihi normal akibat tubuh yang tidak dapat memproduksi cukup hormon insulin akibatnya menyebabkan terhambatnya sirkulasi darah yang akan mempengaruhi kebugaran jasmani yaitu kekuatan otot tangan dan keseimbangan. Kondisi ini kemudian berdampak pada penurunan masa otot, kelemahan otot dan rasa mudah lelah yang mengganggu pada kehidupan sehari-hari begitupun keseimbangan saat berjalan. Tujuannya yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran kekuatan otot tangan dan keseimbangan pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan menggunakan teknik total sampling sebanyak 47 lansia yang mengalami diabetes melitus tipe 2. Alat yang di gunakan untuk mengukur kekuatan otot tangan yaitu handgrip dynamometer dan keseimbangan dengan berdiri satu kaki dengan mata tertutup. Hasil penelitian menyatakan pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di UPT Puskesmas Sukajadi sebagian besar memiliki kekuatan otot tangan kanan dengan kategori cukup 20 orang (42,6%), kekuatan otot tangan kiri dengan kategori lemah yaitu 20 responden (42,6%) dan keseimbangan sebagian besar 17 responden (36,2%) dengan kategori kurang sekali. Kata kunci : Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2, Kekuatan otot tangan , Keseimbangan.   ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that occurs when the glucose level in the blood exceeds the normal amount due to the body that cannot produce enough of the hormone insulin as a result causing the blood circulation to be blocked which will affect physical fitness, especially the strength of the hand muscles and balance. This condition has an impact on decreasing muscle mass, muscle weakness and irritability that interfere with daily life as well as balance when walking. This study aims to describe the strength of hand muscles and balance on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative and uses a total sampling technique of 47 elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The tool used to measure muscle strength hands are handgrip dynamometer and balance by standing one leg with your eyes closed. The results of the study showed that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UPT Puskesmas Sukajadi mostly had the right hand muscle strength with enough categories of 20 people (42.6%), the strength of the left-hand muscles in the weak categories of 20 respondents (42.6%) and balance for most of the 17 respondents (36.2%) in the very weak categories. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hand muscle strength, Balanc

ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI OPERASI HITUNG BILANGAN KELAS V

This paper aims to describe the difficulties of learning mathematics for Class V Elementary Schoolstudents in Mathematics subjects.   The research method used in this research is mini qualitative descriptive research is by taking a sample that has difficulties in learning mathematics, then interviewing them for their difficulties in learning mathematics material to be explained and analyzed. The research results show that in the integer material students experience difficulties in solve problems related to multiplication and division of integers. This is because the formula is difficult for studentsso you can understand, especially those related to negative multiplication and division integers.  This is a note for teachers to find the right model or not monotonous, such as the use of the Discovery Learning model in study mathematics material on integer arithmetic operations