Individualized Treatment and Understanding the Non-Pharmacologic Components that are Part of Recovery

Learn about the non-pharmacologic components of recovery. When developing individualized treatment plans, what factors are considered? The Medical Director and the Director of Quality and Compliance for Washburn House, a new treatment facility in Worcester, Massachusetts, will share their stories of starting a new treatment facility, and the challenges of putting evidence-based practices into practical use. Learning Objectives: Individualized Treatment and Understanding the non-pharmacologic Components that are Part of Recovery Understand the rationale and treatment options for managed withdrawal of a patient with opioid use disorder Understand the rationale and treatment options for Medication Assisted Treatment in a patient with opioid use disorder Understand the non-pharmacologic components that are part of recover

Role for A-Type Lamins in Herpesviral DNA Targeting and Heterochromatin Modulation

Posttranslational modification of histones is known to regulate chromatin structure and transcriptional activity, and the nuclear lamina is thought to serve as a site for heterochromatin maintenance and transcriptional silencing. In this report, we show that the nuclear lamina can also play a role in the downregulation of heterochromatin and in gene activation. Herpes simplex virus DNA initiates replication in replication compartments near the inner edge of the nucleus, and histones are excluded from these structures. To define the role of nuclear lamins in HSV replication, we examined HSV infection in wild-type and A-type lamin–deficient (Lmna−/−) murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In Lmna−/− cells, viral replication compartments are reduced in size and fail to target to the nuclear periphery, as observed in WT cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence studies demonstrate that HSV DNA is associated with increased heterochromatin in Lmna−/− MEFs. These results argue for a functional role for A-type lamins as viral gene expression, DNA replication, and growth are reduced in Lmna−/− MEFs, with the greatest effect on viral replication at low multiplicity of infection. Thus, lamin A/C is required for targeting of the viral genome and the reduction of heterochromatin on viral promoters during lytic infection. The nuclear lamina can serve as a molecular scaffold for DNA genomes and the protein complexes that regulate both euchromatin and heterochromatin histone modifications

Postnatal development of rats exposed to fluoxetine or venlafaxine during the third week of pregnancy

The aim of the present study was to compare the toxic effects of fluoxetine (F) (8 and 16 mg/kg) and venlafaxine (V) (40 and 80 mg/kg) administered during the third week of pregnancy on early development of rats. Both antidepressants were administered by gavage on pregnancy days 15 to 20 to groups of 10 to 12 animals each. Duration of gestation, food and water consumption, number of live pups and birth weight were recorded. Litters were culled to six pups at birth (day 1) and followed for growth until weaning (day 25). On day 60, a male and a female from each litter were injected with the 5-HT1 agonist, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (6 mg/kg, ip) and the serotonergic syndrome was graded. Fluoxetine but not venlafaxine reduced the duration of pregnancy when compared to the control (C) group (F = 21.1 days and C = 21.6 days, mean, P<0.02; maximum = 22 days and minimum = 21 days in both groups). The highest doses of both fluoxetine, 16 mg/kg (F16), and venlafaxine, 80 mg/kg (V80), reduced the food intake of pregnant rats, resulting in different rates of body weight gain during treatment (from pregnancy day 15 to day 20): F16 = 29.0 g, V80 = 28.7 g vs C = 39.5 g (median). Birth weight was influenced by treatment and sex (P<0.05; two-way ANOVA). Both doses of fluoxetine or venlafaxine reduced the body weight of litters; however, the body weight of litters from treated dams was equal to the weight of control litters by the time of weaning. At weaning there was no significant difference in weight between sexes. There was no difference among groups in number of live pups at birth, stillbirths, mortality during the lactation period or in the manifestation of serotonergic syndrome in adult rats. The occurrence of low birth weight among pups born to dams which did not show reduced food ingestion or reduction of body weight gain during treatment with lower doses of fluoxetine or venlafaxine suggests that these drugs may have a deleterious effect on prenatal development when administered during pregnancy. In addition, fluoxetine slightly but significantly affected the duration of pregnancy (about half a day), an effect not observed in the venlafaxine-treated groups.Universidade Federal FluminenseUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

On the Existence and Uniqueness of Equilibrium in the Bottleneck Model with Atomic Users

This paper investigates the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium in the Vickrey bottleneck model when each user controls a positive fraction of total traffic. Users simultaneously choose departure schedules for their vehicle fleets. Each user internalizes the congestion cost that each of its vehicles imposes on other vehicles in its fleet. We establish three results. First, a pure strategy Nash equilibrium (PSNE) may not exist. Second, if a PSNE does exist, identical users may incur appreciably different equilibrium costs. Finally, a multiplicity of PSNE can exist in which no queuing occurs but departures begin earlier or later than in the system optimum. The order in which users depart can be suboptimal as well. Nevertheless, by internalizing self-imposed congestion costs individual users can realize much, and possibly all, of the potential cost savings from either centralized traffic control or time-varying congestion tolls

Yellow Fever Virus Vaccine–associated Deaths in Young Women1

Yellow fever vaccine–associated viscerotropic disease is a rare sequela of live-attenuated virus vaccine. Elderly persons and persons who have had thymectomies have increased susceptibility. A review of published and other data suggested a higher than expected number of deaths from yellow fever vaccine–associated viscerotropic disease among women 19–34 years of age without known immunodeficiency

Evaluation of in vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Especifico Pessoa Phytotherapic Tincture on Ehrlich Tumor Cells and Mice Spleen Cells

Especifico Pessoa (EP) is traditionally used for the treatment of snakebite envenoming. The traditional use of EP and its properties have been reported. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic effects of EP on Ehrlich tumor and mice spleen cells. Cytotoxicity assay was carried out by using Trypan blue exclusion method. Spleen cell suspension was prepared (n=2) with RPMI medium and tumor cell suspension was prepared from ascitic fluid of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice (n=1); both the suspensions contained 4 x 106 cells mL-1. Pure EP or EP diluted in RPMI (1:2; 1:4) was used. The results were expressed as percentage of cell viability and demonstrate that EP is toxic to Ehrlich cells at all concentrations (Control: 96.42 ± 3.40; Pure: 1.55 ± 2.91; 1:2: 4.85 ± 5.04; 1:4: 13.39 ± 5.08), but nontoxic to spleen cells in at the lowest dilution (Control: 72.86 ± 13.79; Pure: 13.52 ± 6,36; 1:2: 41.36 ± 13.51; 1:4: 56.59 ± 8.62). Therefore, the results demonstrate that EP has cytotoxic effects, depending on the dose and the cell line evaluated.Especifico Pessoa (EP) é utilizado no envenenamento por serpentes. Estudos comprovam seu uso tradicional e descrevem outras propriedades, como antitumoral. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar seu efeito citotóxico em células do Tumor de Ehrlich e esplênicas de camundongos. O ensaio foi realizado pelo método de exclusão do Azul Tripan. A suspensão de células esplênicas foi obtida (n = 2) em RPMI e a tumoral a partir do fluido ascitico de camundongos portadores do tumor (n = 1), ambos a 4 x 106 células mL-1. O EP foi usado puro ou diluído em RPMI (1:2; 1:4). Os resultados são expressos como porcentagem de viabilidade celular e demonstraram que o EP é tóxico para células tumorais, em todas as concentrações (Controle: 96,42 ± 3,40; Puro: 1,55 ± 2,91; 1:2: 4,85 ± 5,04; 1:4: 13,39 ± 5,08), mas atóxico para os esplenócitos na menor diluição (Controle: 72,86 ± 13,79; Puro: 13,52 ± 6,36; 1:2: 41,36 ± 13,51; 1:4: 56,59 ± 8,62). Portanto, os resultados demonstram que o EP tem efeito citotóxico, dependendo da dose e linhagem celular utilizada