Architecture and urbanity of tourism

Tourism today reflects the limits of urban planning: sedentary and nomadic lifestyles. There is an overlap between different city users and geographical environments - sedentary and nomadic - which define a dynamic space that works with the existing historic fabric, comes face to face with the seasonal trends of tourist arrivals and are is to bring together those outstanding facets that defy the rules of the physical city. Tourism can be planned, not only by defining accommodation and hotel structures, but by focusing on identifying the main elements of urban transformation and areas where planning can emphasize the elements of the territory destined for "reception" along interconnecting chains. We can speak of "tourist urbanity" as a large floating urban mosaic, capable of maintaining the links between episodes that belong to the cultural fabric of cities and the territory.Peer Reviewe

Architecture and urbanity of tourism

Tourism today reflects the limits of urban planning: sedentary and nomadic lifestyles. There is an overlap between different city users and geographical environments - sedentary and nomadic - which define a dynamic space that works with the existing historic fabric, comes face to face with the seasonal trends of tourist arrivals and are is to bring together those outstanding facets that defy the rules of the physical city. Tourism can be planned, not only by defining accommodation and hotel structures, but by focusing on identifying the main elements of urban transformation and areas where planning can emphasize the elements of the territory destined for "reception" along interconnecting chains. We can speak of "tourist urbanity" as a large floating urban mosaic, capable of maintaining the links between episodes that belong to the cultural fabric of cities and the territory.Peer Reviewe

Architettura e urbanità del turismo: il caso della Sardegna

The analysis of the relationship between architecture, the territory and modern tourism, the subject of this research, is part of the interpretation of the tourist phenomenon as a spatial phenomenon at the basis of new urban scenarios, capable of influencing the processes of the urbanization of places and their perception, of generating renewed urban metaphors contributing to modify social forms and methods of communication. In this sense the initial frame of reference within which research is developed, refers to the theory of space aimed at understanding the phenomenon of tourism.The study of the “space tourist” has so far placed itself within the scientific debate regarding the geographical knowledge, of which two tasks have been traditionally assigned: the first was to provide representations, the second to translate the reading and interpretation of the territory into operational tools in order to transform it according to the needs of society. The latest spatial manifestations of tourism have therefore represented significant areas whereby to draft the features of a possible postmodern geography. But the analysis of space tourism, in recent decades, has taken on a new dimension and with it, a new relevance in terms of social and cultural aspects, in fact tourist images of places have contributed in an ever more consistent way to feed the mind maps of individuals and thus their vision of space, of the territory and of the world. The horizon of tourist research was broadened enormously by the research of the last ten ye- ars, and tourism has thus become an important key for interpreting significant phenomena, starting with the process of nation building, the Americanization of consumer styles and production patterns, the elaboration of the con- cept of heritage, the courses of development of backward economies, up until the most recent studies on the relationship between tourism and urbanism. And it is precisely on contemporary urban horizon which I intend to focus on in this work, thanks to more recent research trends of the French school, in particular in the transition from the study of geography of tourism to the study of the relationship between tourism and urban themes and by the research carried out by the MIT team (MIT Team – Mobilités, Itinéraires, Territoires). Today we can speak of hyper-tourist phase- a definition that may be useful to distinguish first generation tourism from the current one - for the fact that the relationship which has been established between tourist industry, urban are as and local systems is typically post-modern. In fact, both in terms of territorial transformation and economic and cultural terms, many cities have taken tourism as the reference model and, in turn, tourist spots and places have adopted dynamics which are typically urban even when pre-existing urban settlements are not mentioned. These premises are the basis of the objectives of this research that by analyzing the contemporary tourist phenomenon in its architectural and urban spatial dimension, intends to bring materials and methodologies for interpreting it as a phenomenon that generates “urbanity”. The concept of urbanity thus allows us to approach tourism in a different way than just studying a set of practices which have incre- ased exponentially: rural tourism, ecological tourism, seaside tourism, urban tourism, etc., allowing us to highlight the properties common to the tourist phenomenon and what forms it may take on. At the same time, the concept of urbanity allows us to bring out the urban characteristics produced through tourism. The concept of “urbanity” is then referred to the transformations of the territory tied to tourism: from the evolutionary trends of the settlement, which also fits the role and orientation of planning, up to the current processes of restructuring the territory. In this sense it was deemed necessary to distinguish two reference scales: the extra-territorial dimension of the phenomenon where, in the dynamics of contemporary flows, it is possible to identify a sort of macroplace (destination) that includes all the spaces where people come to and which they often share, and bringing us to a phenomenology of generalized de-localisation and de-territorialization. - the territorial dimension, the one where in the concrete relationship with places, tourism leaves deep traces in space, produces urban substance becoming the generator of urbanity forms, which often defy the rules of the city in the consolidated or traditional sense, and for which it is necessary to define critical issues and politics of intervention . Starting from the need to bring the attention to the territorial dimension, in which analysis and formalization of the relationship between territory-tourism-urbanity can lead to theoretical and operational outcomes, the developments of this research thesis are then referred to the specific case study of Sardinia. This research is structured into three main sections. The first is dedicated to the analysis of space tourism, where, starting from the modern-post modern dichotomy as identified by Minca (1996), an in-depth examination is carried out, on the one hand, a kind of tourist space explo- sion, with the acquisition of new and increasingly large territories and, on the other hand, a genuine tourist space implosion with the concentration inside closed or semi-closed areas in a series of images and pure, stylized tourist landscapes. The focus is placed on the territory: the tourist territory - namely the spatial organization (or space-time) tourism, which presents itself since its origins as a consumer-driven system, because it is moulded favouring methods of access to resources and exchange, that today becomes the paroxysmal place of the flows both in terms of material consumption of goods – starting with the territory - in terms of geographical mobility (movement) and in terms of symbolic exchange (communication). The analysis of the first section focuses, as indicated in the introduction, focuses on the interpretation of the tourist phenomenon as a spatial phenomenon which causes space tran- sformations through the construction of images and landscapes, creating forms of urbanity in terms of urban ‘products’ and architecture ‘products’. With reference to specific case studies and analysis we will then refer to the alternation in time of genuine models tied to the courses of differentiation and approval, related to the creation and organization of tourist area in which fundamental interpretations regard the formulations of Battilani (2007) and the research contribution of Trillo (2003). This type of analysis is supported by a further comparison, the one with the specialised ‘manuals’ and its contents compared to the reflections and attempts to define guidelines for the space tourist project. Therefore those elements emerge - which is the basis and where the thesis is oriented towards with the ability to confer quality to the project of tourist spots, with a significant contribution in the Italian case, consisting of a lecture by Gio Ponti entitled “Architettura e turismo” (Architecture and Tourism), held in 1942 for the Directorate General for tourism and ENIT (National Tourist Agency), which widens the horizon of the debate, from the manual type of debate to the more complex one: the context. The following paragraphs relate to a specific analysis of spatial transformations induced by tourism and in particular to the phenomena of cultural and physical de-location and de-territorialization, up to the analysis of urban dynamics- related processes, in which often the concept of city is represented, made into a utopia, or subverted. If in the first section of the thesis tourism has been identified as a spatial phenomenon, which begins with a project, an intention tied to the use of places, it is evident to steer this research within a framework of analysis on the relationship between tourism and the theme of urban, introducing the second section with an interpretation of Tourism as a generator of urbanity. The possibility to analyze and identify the specific characters of urbanity, referring to the evolutionary dynamics of a given territory, can constitute a conceptual tool that allows us to receive the tourist dimension as a component of the ur- ban aspect. This is formalized through the interpretation of three different dimensions: that of urban monuments, urban public spaces and mobility, deepening the analysis on the relations between tourist spots and the differentials of urbanity, illustrating the issues whereby that tourist aspect is featured as “relative urbanity”. Consequently a second analysis scenario is introduced, the one that refers to the relationship between Tourists and Urbanists, hence between tourism and planning. Some a few fundamental references, Oddi (2011) with regard to the study of the relationship between tourism and urban planning, we start with the fundamental differences that exist between the two scopes: the town is basically a technique and an art2 ; while tourism is – just as with all the “isms” - a movement, a flow, even before a pure and simple activity. In this sense the town is the tourism object but it does not deplete its interests and interferes only partially with its reasons strongly tied to moving. That which unites urban planning and tourism, however, is the need for design, planning and programming of transformations that generate in the territory in order to ensure the control and quality of interventions. It is clear that the town planning technique (more rarely art) has established the necessary instrument for implementing tourist settle- ments, but the goals have strongly come apart, producing a sort of mutual distrust that under lies many still pervasive attitudes

Pedagogía, moral y cultura popular: la escuela argentina frente al cine en las primeras décadas del siglo XX

Este artículo presenta testimonios de Inspectores de enseñanza primaria y secundaria en los años de 1920 y 1930 en Argentina, para mostrar las vinculaciones que la escuela comenzó a desarrollar ante la expansión del consumo social del cine. Se puntualizan observaciones de cuestionamiento y sospecha sobre esa práctica, expuestos y desarrollados desde las posiciones más oficiales de la política educativa y también se incorporan algunas voces disidentes.This article presents evidence of Inspectors of primary and secondary education in the years 1920 and 1930 in Argentina, to show the links that the school began to develop with the expansion of the social consumption of film. Observations are spelled questioning and suspicion on the practice, exposed and developed from the most formal education policy and also incorporate some dissenting voices.Fil: Southwell, Myriam Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Serra, María Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentin

Effect of salinity on Echinochloa crus-galli germination as affected by herbicide resistance

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that may affect yield and quality of crops. Salinization, in combination with the presence of aggressive weeds, such as barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp.), can be considered one of the factors responsible for reducing yield in rice fields. The aims of the study were to evaluate the salt effect on germination and first seedling growth of six different Italian common barnyard grass (E. crus-galli) populations (three sensitive and three resistant to ALS-inhibitor herbicides) and to verify the presence of differences in salt response between populations sensitive and resistant to the ALS-inhibitor herbicides. Germination tests were conducted under nine different NaCl concentrations (from 0 mM to 400 mM). Significant differences in germination capacity were found between sensitive and resistant populations from 0 mM to 250 mM NaCl; in particular, germination capacity of the sensitive populations was higher (up to 90%) than that of the resistant ones (about 70%). The increase in salinity over 250 mM reduced progressively the germination capacity: from 300 mM onwards, no significant differences were found between sensitive and resistant populations and the germination resulted inhibited for two of them (one sensitive and one resistant). Speed of germination and root and shoot length of seedlings were also inversely related to salt concentration. Time required for achieving 50% of final germination capacity was extended from about three days at 0 mM NaCl up to about 10-12 days at 400 mM NaCl. Root length and shoot length ranged from 9.88 cm and 6.16 cm, at 0 mM NaCl, to 0.36 cm and 0.41 cm, at 400 mM NaCl. According to the results, there is no a clear evidence that response to saline conditions was related to resistance towards ALS-inhibitor herbicides, as in some cases significant differences were found between populations showing a similar herbicide sensitivity. Responses of barnyard grass to salinity are may play a role in the importance of this weed in future scenarios of salt intrusion: for example, a lower speed of germination at increasing salt levels could suggest a delayed emergence of this weed during crop establishment and first growth. To evaluate the real consequences in terms of competitions towards the crop, future studies are needed for assessing the response to salinity of the main rice varieties cultivated in the environment in which the E. crus-galli populations tested in this study were collected

Educación, estética y régimen visual en la configuración del sistema educativo argentino

En la configuración de las prácticas escolares es posible reconocer una serie de disposiciones de neto corte visual, que no solo delimitan una particular relación entre el ver y el conocer, sino que otorgan cierto privilegio al sentido de la vista por encima de otros registros sensibles. Estas disposiciones son parte de la función estetizante que cumplió el sistema educativo argentino, donde la educación de los sentidos constituyó una preocupación que combinó un régimen de verdad, ligado al conocimiento, con la producción de sensibilidades específicas, donde verdad, belleza y moralidad eran parte de la misma operación

Enseñar cine: alcances, inquietudes, controversias

To look together at cinema and education throws an agenda of issues to discuss, some of them inherent to the (im)possibility of articulating the terms in question and others related to the particular modes that this activity assumes in our time: those added by the coordinates of educational institutions, with their grammar, their unresolved problems, their contexts and their controversial effectiveness as spaces of transmission. This paper aims to map this agenda, locating some of these problems and their scope, a map that whoever can expand, subvert or question.Mirar juntos cine y enseñanza, arroja una agenda de problemas a discutir, algunos de ellos intrínsecos a la (im)posibilidad de articular los términos en cuestión y otros  ligados a los modos particularísimos que esta actividad asume en nuestra época: las coordenadas que las instituciones educativas, con su gramática, sus problemas sin resolver, sus contextos y su discutida eficacia como espacios de transmisión, les suman. Es objeto de este escrito mapear esta agenda, situando algunos de estos problemas y sus alcances, mapa que quien quiera puede ampliar, subvertir o cuestionar

Desarollo de derivados de 4-hidroxicumarina con diferente actividad farmacológica

This dissertation is an interdisciplinary work focused on the discovery and development of new drugs. It includes organic synthesis methodologies and pharmacological evaluation elements seeking structure-activity relationships that allow us to rationally guide the design of new structures with improved properties. Continuing the work that has been made in our research group, we have first synthesized and studied a series of coumarin-resveratrol analogs incorporating an hydroxyl group at the 4 position of the prototype 3-arylcoumarin. This modification allows us also to approach to other type of compounds, isoflavones, that are very abundant in nature. Subsequently we have prepared and studied a series of other different derivatives where the hydroxyl group at the 4 position has been replaced by a benzyloxy group. The preparation of the desired compounds has been performed by using parallel synthesis strategies; that means efficient and easily reproducible synthetic procedures for the production of a number of products in sufficient quantities for pharmacological evaluation. The preliminary biological essays indicate that some of the studied compounds seems to be active against Staphylococcus Aureus and Tenacibaculum Maritimum bacterial strains. Additionally, some other compounds are inhibitors of MAO-B and they also showed an interesting antioxidant activity. The compounds tested for their cytotoxicity activity against MCF-7 and HL-60 cell lines have shown good results. The series of compounds studied allow us to establish the basic structural requirements to modulate the pharmacological properties, opening up a very interesting research path