178 research outputs found
Bentuk Ketidakadilan terhadap Perempuan dalam Novel Jalan Bandungan Karya Nh. Dini
This research aims todescribe the form of marginalization of women seeninjustice, Subordination, stereotyping, violence, and workload,Which isexperienced by female characters in the novel Road Nh Bandungan work. he method usedisd escriptive method with qualitative form. The method used is descriptive method with qualitativ eform. in the form of 1) marginalization is exclusion due togender differences which resulted inpoverty. 2) subordination is the viewof gender, causesu bordinationof women. The notionthat women areirrational 3) stereoty pesare negative labeling of women 4) violence is (domestic violence and public violence), and 5) the work load is heavy and the allocation of a very long time
Deriving photospheric parameters and elemental abundances for a sample of stars showing the FIP effect
One puzzling question in solar physics is the difference between elemental abundances in the photosphere and the corona. Elements with low first ionization potential (FIP) can be overabundant in the corona compared to the photosphere under certain circumstances. The same phenomenon has been observed on a handful of stars, while a few of them show the inverse effect. But not all the stars in the original sample had precise photospheric abundances derived from optical spectra, so for some the solar values were adopted. In this work we make homogeneous abundance measurements from optical spectroscopy. We collected spectra of 16 stars showing the FIP effect with the 1-m RCC telescope of Konkoly Observatory, with resolution of λ / Πλ Ë 21 000. We determine the fundamental astrophysical parameters (Teff, log g, [M/H], Οmic, v sin i) and individual elemental abundances with the SME spectral synthesis code using MARCS2012 model atmosphere and spectral line parameters from the Vienna Atomic Line Database (VALD)
EI Eridani: a star under the influence -- The effect of magnetic activity in the short and long term
We use our photometric time series of more than forty years to analyze the
long-term behaviour of EI Eri. Flare activity is investigated using space-borne
photometric data obtained with TESS. The MUSICOS campaign aimed to achieve
high-resolution spectroscopic observations from many sites around the globe, so
that uninterrupted phase coverage of EI Eri became available. We use these data
to reconstruct successive surface temperature maps of the star in order to
study the changes of starspots on a very short timescale.
We use long-term, seasonal period analysis of our photometric time series to
study changes in the rotational period. Short-term Fourier-transform is also
applied to look for activity cycle-like changes. We also study the phase and
frequency distribution of hand-selected flares. We apply our multi-line Doppler
imaging code to reconstruct four consecutive Doppler images. These images are
also used to measure surface differential rotation by our cross-correlation
technique. In addition, we carry out tests to demonstrate how Doppler imaging
is affected by the fact that the data came from several different instruments
with different spectral resolutions.
Seasonal period analysis of the light curve reveals a smooth, significant
change in period, possibly indicating the evolution of active latitudes.
Temperature curves from and show slight differences, indicating the
activity of EI Eri is spot dominated. Short-term Fourier transform reveals
smoothly changing cycles between 4.5--5.5 and 8.9--11.6 years. The
time-resolved spotted surface of EI Eri from Doppler imaging enabled us to
follow the evolution of the different surface features. Cross-correlating the
consecutive Doppler maps reveal surface shear of . Our
tests validate our approach and show that the surface temperature distribution
is adequately reconstructed by our method.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures, A&A accepte
Superflares on the late-type giant KIC 2852961 -- Scaling effect behind flaring at different energy levels
The most powerful superflares reaching 10erg bolometric energy are
from giant stars. The mechanism behind flaring is supposed to be the magnetic
reconnection, which is closely related to magnetic activity including
starspots. However, it is poorly understood, how the underlying magnetic dynamo
works and how the flare activity is related to the stellar properties which
eventually control the dynamo action. We analyse the flaring activity of KIC
2852961, a late-type giant star, in order to understand how the flare
statistics are related to that of other stars with flares and superflares and
what the role of the observed stellar properties in generating flares is. We
search for flares in the full Kepler dataset of the star by an automated
technique together with visual inspection. We set a final list of 59 verified
flares during the observing term. We calculate flare energies for the sample
and perform a statistical analysis. The stellar properties of KIC 2852961 are
revised and a more consistent set of parameters are proposed. The cumulative
flare energy distribution can be characterized by a broken power-law, i.e. on
the log-log representation the distribution function is fitted by two linear
functions with different slopes, depending on the energy range fitted. We find
that the total flare energy integrated over a few rotation periods correlates
with the average amplitude of the rotational modulation due to starspots.
Flares and superflares seem to be the result of the same physical mechanism at
different energetic levels, also implying that late-type stars in the main
sequence and flaring giant stars have the same underlying physical process for
emitting flares. There might be a scaling effect behind generating flares and
superflares in the sense that the higher the magnetic activity the higher the
overall magnetic energy released by flares and/or superflares.Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy
and Astrophysic
Go-stimuli proportion influences response strategy in a sustained attention to response task
The sustained attention to response task (SART)
usefulness as a measure of sustained attention has been questioned. The SART may instead be a better measure of other psychological processes and could prove useful in understanding some real-world behaviours. Thirty participants completed four Go/No-Go response tasks much like the SART, with Go-stimuli proportions of .50, .65, .80 and .95. As Go-stimuli proportion increased, reaction times decreased while both commission errors and self-reported task-related thoughts increased. Performance measures were associated with task-related thoughts but not taskunrelated thoughts. Instead of faster reaction times and increased commission errors being due to absentmindedness or perceptual decoupling from the task, the results suggested participants made use of two competing response strategies, in line with a response strategy or response inhibition perspective of SART performance. Interestingly, performance measures changed in a nonlinear manner, despite the linear Go proportion increase. A threshold may exist where the prepotent motor response becomes more pronounced, leading to the disproportionate increase in response speed and commission errors. This research has implications for researchers looking to employ the SAR
The Weakening Outburst of the Young Eruptive Star V582 Aur
V582 Aur is a pre-main sequence FU Orionis type eruptive star, which entered
a brightness minimum in 2016 March due to changes in the line-of-sight
extinction. Here, we present and analyze new optical , , and
band multiepoch observations and new near-infrared , and band
photometric measurements from 2018 January2019 February, as well as publicly
available mid-infrared WISE data. We found that the source shows a significant
opticalnear-infrared variability, and the current brightness minimum has not
completely finished yet. If the present dimming originates from the same
orbiting dust clump that caused a similar brightness variation in 2012, than
our results suggest a viscous spreading of the dust particles along the orbit.
Another scenario is that the current minimum is caused by a dust structure,
that is entering and leaving the inner part of the system. The WISE
measurements could be consistent with this scenario. Our long-term data, as
well as an accretion disk modeling hint at a general fading of V582 Aur,
suggesting that the source will reach the quiescent level in 80 years.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
The quest for stellar coronal mass ejections in late-type stars: I. Investigating Balmer-line asymmetries of single stars in Virtual Observatory data
Context. Flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can have deleterious effects on their surroundings: they can Erode or completely destroy atmospheres of orbiting planets over time and also have high importance in stellar evolution. Most of the CME detections in the literature are single events found serendipitously sparse for statistical investigation. Aims. We aimed to gather a large amount of spectral data of M-dwarfs to drastically increase the number of known events to make statistical analysis possible in order to study the properties of potential stellar CMEs. Methods. Using archival spectral data we investigated asymmetric features of Balmer-lines, which could indicate the Doppler-signature of ejected material. Results. Of more than 5500 spectra we find 478 that have line asymmetries - including nine larger events, in terms of velocity and mass - on 25 objects, with 1.2-19.6 events per day on objects with line asymmetries. Most events are connected with enhanced peaks of Balmer-lines, indicating that these are connected to flares similar to solar events. In most cases the detected speed does not reach surface escape velocity: the typical observed maximum velocities are on the order of 100-300 km s -1 , while the typical masses of the ejecta were on the order of 10 15 -10 18 g. Statistical analysis of the events suggests that these events are more frequent on cooler stars with stronger chromospheric activity. Conclusions. If the detected events correspond to CMEs, the detected maximum velocities are lower than those observed on the Sun, while event rates were somewhat lower than we could expect from the solar case. If the velocities are not distorted significantly due to a projection effect, these findings may support the idea that most of the coronal mass ejections could be suppressed by a strong magnetic field. Alternatively, it is possible that we can observe only an early low-coronal phase of the events before being accelerated at higher altitudes. Our findings could indicate that later-type, active dwarfs could be a safer environment for exoplanetary systems CME-wise than previously thought, and atmosphere loss due to radiation effects would play a stronger role in exoplanetary atmosphere evolution than CMEs
Spontaneous and deliberate future thinking: A dual process account
© 2019 Springer Nature.This is the final published version of an article published in Psychological Research, licensed under a Creative Commons Attri-bution 4.0 International License. Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-019-01262-7.In this article, we address an apparent paradox in the literature on mental time travel and mind-wandering: How is it possible that future thinking is both constructive, yet often experienced as occurring spontaneously? We identify and describe two âroutesâ whereby episodic future thoughts are brought to consciousness, with each of the âroutesâ being associated with separable cognitive processes and functions. Voluntary future thinking relies on controlled, deliberate and slow cognitive processing. The other, termed involuntary or spontaneous future thinking, relies on automatic processes that allows âfully-fledgedâ episodic future thoughts to freely come to mind, often triggered by internal or external cues. To unravel the paradox, we propose that the majority of spontaneous future thoughts are âpre-madeâ (i.e., each spontaneous future thought is a re-iteration of a previously constructed future event), and therefore based on simple, well-understood, memory processes. We also propose that the pre-made hypothesis explains why spontaneous future thoughts occur rapidly, are similar to involuntary memories, and predominantly about upcoming tasks and goals. We also raise the possibility that spontaneous future thinking is the default mode of imagining the future. This dual process approach complements and extends standard theoretical approaches that emphasise constructive simulation, and outlines novel opportunities for researchers examining voluntary and spontaneous forms of future thinking.Peer reviewe
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