On the Consistency of the Solutions of the Space Fractional Schr\"odinger Equation

Recently it was pointed out that the solutions found in literature for the space fractional Schr\"odinger equation in a piecewise manner are wrong, except the case with the delta potential. We reanalyze this problem and show that an exact and a proper treatment of the relevant integral proves otherwise. We also discuss effective potential approach and present a free particle solution for the space and time fractional Schr\"odinger equation in general coordinates in terms of Fox's H-functions

An Open Inflationary Model for Dimensional Reduction and its Effects on the Observable Parameters of the Universe

Assuming that higher dimensions existed in the early stages of the universe where the evolution was inflationary, we construct an open, singularity-free, spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmological model to study the effects of dimensional reduction that may have taken place during the early stages of the universe. We consider dimensional reduction to take place in a stepwise manner and interpret each step as a phase transition. By imposing suitable boundary conditions we trace their effects on the present day parameters of the universe.Comment: 5 pages, accepted for publication in Int. J. of Mod. Phys.

Pazarlamanın Şirketlerin İş Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Literatür Taraması

The technology-based global competition environment that pushes businesses to constructive transformation in order to ensure customer satisfaction has further increased the importance of marketing capabilities in business strategies. The purpose of the literature review is to summarize the previous studies about marketing-financial performance nexus. Studies that were published between 1969 and 2019 could be reached from the EBSCO database were included in the literature review. A significant number of studies conducted in different countries have shown that marketing spending is an investment that creates value for the company and has a positive impact on firm profitability, firm value or firm sales. This study contributes to the literature by summarizing the research findings on the effects of marketing investments on business performance.TR - Dizi

Effects of Legal and Unauthorized Immigration on the U.S. Social Security System

Immigration is having an increasingly important effect on the social insurance system in the United States. On the one hand, eligible legal immigrants have the right to eventually receive pension benefits, but also rely on other aspects of the social insurance system such as health care, disability, unemployment insurance, and welfare programs, while most of their savings have direct positive effects on the domestic economy. On the other hand, most undocumented immigrants contribute to the system through taxed wages, but they are not eligible for these programs unless they attain legal status, and a large proportion of their savings translates into remittances, which have no direct effects on the domestic economy. Moreover, a significant percentage of immigrants migrate back to their countries of origin after a relatively short period of time, and their savings while in the US are predominantly in the form of remittances. Therefore, any analysis that tries to understand the impact of immigrant workers on the overall system has to take into account the decisions and events these individuals face throughout their lives, as well as the use of the government programs they are entitled to. We propose a life-cycle OLG model in a General Equilibrium framework of legal and undocumented immigrants’ decisions regarding consumption, savings, labor supply and program participation to analyze their role in the financial sustainability of the system. Our analysis of the effects of potential policy changes, such as giving some undocumented immigrants legal status, shows increases in capital stock, output, consumption, labor productivity, and overall welfare. The effects are relatively small in percentage terms, but considerable given the size of our economy.Social Security Administrationhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87954/1/wp250.pd

Comparison of HCV core antigen and anti-HCV with HCV RNA results

Background: The measurement of anti-HCV antibodies using immunological methods and the confirmation of viral nuclear acid based on molecular methods is important in diagnosis and follow-up of the HCV infection.Objectives: In this study, we aimed to analyse HCV core Antigen positivity among anti-HCV antibody positive sera to determine the significance of testing of HCV core Ag for the laboratory diagnosis of HCV infection, by considering the correlation between serum HCV core Ag and HCV RNA levels.Methods: 115 patients suspected of having hepatitis C and who were positive for anti-HCV antibody were investigated using chemiluminescent and molecular methods. Anti-HCV antibody, HCV core Ag and HCV RNA levels were detected by the Vitros ECiQ immunodiagnostic system, Architect i2000 system and RT-PCR, respectively.Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy rate of HCV core Antigen assay were detected as 86.5%(83/96), 100%(19/19), 100%(83/83), 59.4%(19/32), 88.7%(102/115) respectively.Conclusion: HCV core Ag assay could be used for diagnosis of HCV infection as it is easy to perform, cost-effective, has high specificity and positive predictive value. However, it should be kept in mind that it may have lack of sensitivity and negative predictive value.Key Words: HCV, anti-HCV antibody, HCV core Ag, HCV RN

CO Tully–Fisher relation of star-forming galaxies at = 0.05–0.3

The Tully–Fisher relation (TFR) is an empirical relation between galaxy luminosity and rotation velocity. We present here the first TFR of galaxies beyond the local Universe that uses carbon monoxide (CO) as the kinematic tracer. Our final sample includes 25 isolated, non-interacting star-forming galaxies with double-horned or boxy CO integrated line profiles located at redshifts z ≤ 0.3, drawn from a larger ensemble of 67 detected objects. The best reverse Ks-band, stellar mass and baryonic mass CO TFRs are, respectively, MKs = (−8.4 ± 2.9)[log ( W50/km s−1 sin i ) − 2.5] + (−23.5 ± 0.5), log (M/M) = (5.2 ± 3.0)[log ( W50/km s−1 sin i ) − 2.5] + (10.1 ± 0.5) and log (Mb/M) = (4.9 ± 2.8)[log ( W50/km s−1 sin i ) − 2.5] + (10.2 ± 0.5), where MKs is the total absolute Ks-band magnitude of the objects, M and Mb their total stellar and baryonic masses, and W50 the width of their line profile at 50 per cent of the maximum. Dividing the sample into different redshift bins and comparing to the TFRs of a sample of local (z = 0) star-forming galaxies from the literature, we find no significant evolution in the slopes and zero-points of the TFRs since z ≈ 0.3, this in either luminosity or mass. In agreement with a growing number of CO TFR studies of nearby galaxies, we more generally find that CO is a suitable and attractive alternative to neutral hydrogen (HI). Our work thus provides an important benchmark for future higher redshift CO TFR studies

Down but not out: properties of the molecular gas in the stripped Virgo Cluster early-type galaxy NGC4526

We present ALMA data on the 3mm continuum emission, CO isotopologues (12CO, 13CO, C18O), and high-density molecular tracers (HCN, HCO+, HNC, HNCO, CS, CN, and CH3OH) in NGC4526. These data enable a detailed study of the physical properties of the molecular gas in a longtime resident of the Virgo Cluster; comparisons to more commonly-studied spiral galaxies offer intriguing hints into the processing of molecular gas in the cluster environment. Many molecular line ratios in NGC4526, along with our inferred abundances and CO/H2 conversion factors, are similar to those found in nearby spirals. One striking exception is the very low observed 12CO/13CO(1-0) line ratio, $3.4\pm0.3$, which is unusually low for spirals though not for Virgo Cluster early-type galaxies. We carry out radiative transfer modeling of the CO isotopologues with some archival (2-1) data, and we use Bayesian analysis with Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques to infer the physical properties of the CO-emitting gas. We find surprisingly low [12CO/13CO] abundance ratios of $7.8^{+2.7}_{-1.5}$ and $6.5^{+3.0}_{-1.3}$ at radii of 0.4 kpc and 1 kpc. The emission from the high-density tracers HCN, HCO+, HNC, CS and CN is also relatively bright, and CN is unusually optically thick in the inner parts of NGC4526. These features hint that processing in the cluster environment may have removed much of the galaxy's relatively diffuse, optically thinner molecular gas along with its atomic gas. Angular momentum transfer to the surrounding intracluster medium may also have caused contraction of the disk, magnifying radial gradients such as we find in [13CO/C18O]. More detailed chemical evolution modeling would be interesting in order to explore whether the unusual [12CO/13CO] abundance ratio is entirely an environmental effect or whether it also reflects the relatively old stellar population in this early-type galaxy.Comment: Submitted to ApJ. Comments are welcome

Preparation and Characterization of Mixed Halide MAPbI3−xClx Perovskite Thin Films by Three‐Source Vacuum Deposition

Chloride has been extensively used in the preparation of metal halide perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3-xClx), but its persistence and role in solution-processed materials has not yet been rationalized. Multiple-source vacuum deposition of perovskites enables a fine control over the thin-film stoichiometry, and allows to incorporate chemical species irrespectively of their solubility. In this communication, we present the first example of mixed MAPbI3-xClx thin films prepared by three-source vacuum deposition using MAI, PbI2 and PbCl2 as precursors. The optoelectronic properties of the material are evaluated through photovoltaic and electro-/photo-luminescent characterizations. Besides the very similar structural and optical properties of MAPbI3 and MAPbI3-xClx, we observed an increased electroluminescence efficiency, longer photoluminescence lifetimes, as well as larger photovoltage in the presence of chloride, suggesting a reduction of the non-radiative charge recombination

Single InAs quantum dot arrays and directed self-organization on patterned GaAs (311)B substrates

Formation of laterally ordered single InAs quantum dot (QD) arrays by self-organized anisotropic strain engineering of InGaAs/GaAs superlattice templates on GaAs (311)B by molecular beam epitaxy is achieved through optimization of growth temperature, InAs amount, and annealing. Directed self-organization of these QD arrays is accomplished by coarse substrate patterns providing absolute QD position control over large areas. Due to the absence of one-to-one pattern definition the site-controlled QD arrays exhibit excellent optical properties revealed by resolution limited (80 µeV) linewidth of the low-temperature photoluminescence from individual QDs. © 2009 American Institute of Physics

Structurally controlled landscape evolution in Kula badlands, Western Turkey

Badlands are extensively eroded landscapes consisting of weakly consolidated deposits within highly dense drainage systems. Their controlling and shaping factors can differ in relation to various internal and external conditions and processes that are not always well understood. This study focuses on the development of a badland landscape affecting Miocene and Quaternary sand-clay sediments in the extensional tectonic regime of Western Turkey with a multidisciplinary approach. The area between Kula and Selendi towns exhibits a badland topography with extensively eroded surface features, deepened gullies within poorly consolidated, sand clay-sized sediments. The results of structural field mapping and morphometric analyses using a 5 m resolution DEM to study the role of structural control in the development of badlands are presented in this study. Field data analysis supported by the quantitative assessment of longitudinal gully profiles illustrates the role of pre-existing structures as faults, their orientation and geometry in net erosion-sedimentation and the development of deepened gully networks. Representative illustrations, field photographs and block diagrams are presented to show the relationship between the rock structure and badland landscape. The connection between the extensional tectonics, erosional dynamics and geomorphology point to a structurally-controlled landscape in the Kula badlands in Western Turkey