New jet tagging techniques at CMS

The CMS experiment makes use of a large variety of algorithms to identify the origin of particle jets measured in the detector. Through the study of jet substructure properties, jets originating from quarks, gluons, W/Z/Higgs bosons, top quarks and pileup interactions are identified and categorized. We present new techniques based on machine learning approaches developed for the analysis of the data collected during the LHC Run 2 that significantly surpass the performances of classical taggers.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, ICHEP 202

Studies of top quark properties in CMS

In this article, recent studies of top quark properties in CMS are presented. The discussed analyses are measurements of the charge asymmetry, CP violation and jet mass, all carried out in final states of $\textrm{t}\bar{\textrm{t}}$ production with one or two leptons. The data were recorded with the CMS detector in the years 2016 to 2018.Comment: Talk at the 15th International Workshop on Top Quark Physics, Durham, UK, 4-9 September 2022, 5 pages, 3 figure

Recent studies on top quark properties and mass in CMS

Studies of top quark properties using data collected by the CMS experiment are presented, including direct measurements of properties or extractions using differential cross section measurements. The latest results on top quark mass measurements using multiple kinematic distributions in a likelihood technique as well as the top quark pole mass derived from $\textrm{t}\bar{\textrm{t}}$+jet cross section measurements will be discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, ICHEP 202

Polarization singularities from unfolding an optical vortex through a birefringent crystal

Optical vortices (nodal lines and phase singularities) are the generic singularities of scalar optics but are unstable in vector optics. We investigate experimentally and theoretically the unfolding of a uniformly polarized optical vortex beam on propagation through a birefringent crystal and characterize the output field in terms of polarization singularities (C lines and points of circular polarization; L surfaces and lines of linear polarization). The field is described both in the 2-dimensional transverse plane, and in three dimensions, where the third is abstract, representing an optical path length propagated through the crystal. Many phenomena of singular optics, such as topological charge conservation and singularity reconnections, occur naturally in the description

Polarization singularities from unfolding an optical vortex through a birefringent crystal

Optical vortices (nodal lines and phase singularities) are the generic singularities of scalar optics but are unstable in vector optics. We investigate experimentally and theoretically the unfolding of a uniformly polarized optical vortex beam on propagation through a birefringent crystal and characterize the output field in terms of polarization singularities (C lines and points of circular polarization; L surfaces and lines of linear polarization). The field is described both in the 2-dimensional transverse plane, and in three dimensions, where the third is abstract, representing an optical path length propagated through the crystal. Many phenomena of singular optics, such as topological charge conservation and singularity reconnections, occur naturally in the description

Wirt-Gast-Komplexe zwischen Cyclodextrin-Hyaluronsäure-Polymeren und adamantylierten Proteinen für den zielgerichteten Transport von Steroidwirkstoffen

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Transport von Steroidwirkstoffen mittels CD-Polymeren mit zellspezifischen Liganden über die Darmbarriere untersucht. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit konnte die Löslichkeit von Sexualhormonen und Glucocorticoiden durch Komplexierung mit β-CD-Derivaten erheblich gesteigert werden. Um die Wasserlöslichkeit der β-CD-Derivate und deren Verweildauer im Organismus zu erhöhen, wurden die CD-Derivate an Hyaluronsäure als biokompatibles Polymer gebunden. Dies konnte nach Einführung einer Aminogruppe in einer Monosubstitution am β-CD-Derivat durchgeführt werden. Über einen Triethylenglycol-Spacer konnte Adamantan an die Aminogruppen der Lysin-Seitenketten von humanem Transferrin und Lysozym als zellspezifische Liganden gebunden werden. Die adamantylierten Lysine konnten nach tryptischen Verdau mittels MALDI-Spektroskopie identifiziert werden. Anhand von computerchemischen Methoden konnte die räumliche Lage der Adamantangruppen an den Proteinoberflächen visualisiert werden. Die Dissoziationskonstanten der adamantylierten Proteine mit β-CD-Monoschichten wurden durch SPR-Spektroskopie bestimmt. Die auf der CD-Schicht immobilisierten Proteine waren weiterhin für die Bindung zum entsprechenden Antikörper bzw. für die Komplexierung des CD-HA-Polymers zugänglich. In einem in-vitro Assay wurde der Transport von zwei Steroidwirkstoffen über die Darmbarriere mithilfe des CD-HA-Polymers mit und ohne Targetligand verglichen.The aim of this work was the synthesis of CD-polymers with cell-specific ligands for the intestinal delivery of steroidal drugs. First, the solubility of sexual hormones and glucocorticoids was enhanced after complexation with β-CD derivatives. The β-CD derivatives were modified first with an amino group in a monosubstitution reaction to bound to hyaluronic acid. This can increase their water solubility and retention time in the human body. Human transferrin and human lysozyme were used as cell-specific ligands in this drug delivery system. To bind the proteins on the CD-HA polymer via supramolecular interactions, the proteins were modified on their lysine side chains with adamantane groups over a hydrophilic triethylene glycol spacer. The modified lysine side chains were identified with MALDI spectroscopy and the adamantylated proteins were visualized with molecular modeling methods. The equilibrium dissociation constants of the modified proteins on β-CD monolayers were calculated with SPR spectroscopy. After immobilization of the proteins, they can also bind to their specific antibody. In addition, their free adamantine groups can also be complexed from CD-HA-Polymer. The delivery of two steroidal drugs was analyzed in an in-vitro assay on an intestinal barrier of caco2 cells and goblet cells. For the drug delivery, we used a CD-HA polymer with and without a protein as target ligand

Soilless Tomato Production: Effects of Hemp Fiber and Rock Wool Growing Media on Yield, Secondary Metabolites, Substrate Characteristics and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Replacement of rock wool by organic substrates is considered to reduce the environmental impact, e.g., through energy savings during production and waste prevention, caused by hydroponically produced crops. A suitable substrate for plant production is characterized by an optimal composition of air- and water-filled pores. In our study, we used hemp fibers as an organic alternative to rock wool in order to cultivate tomato plants in hydroponics for 36 weeks. The leaf area, plant length, and yields, as well as the quality of fruits including soluble solid contents, dry weight content, mineral composition, and contents of phenolic compounds caused by both substrates, were similar. Carotenoids were significantly increased in fruits from plants grown in hemp at some measuring dates. Nevertheless, higher emission rates of greenhouse gases such as N2O, CO2, and CH4 caused by hemp fiber compared to those emitted by rock wool during use are rather disadvantageous for the environment. While hemp proved to be a suitable substrate in terms of some physical properties (total pore volume, bulk density), a lower volume of air and easily available water as well as very rapid microbial decomposition and the associated high nitrogen immobilization must be considered as disadvantages.Peer Reviewe

Genetic Organization of Acquired Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Detection of Resistance-Mediating Mutations in a Gallibacterium anatis Isolate from a Calf Suffering from a Respiratory Tract Infection

Gallibacterium (G.) anatis isolates associated with respiratory diseases in calves and harboring acquired antimicrobial resistance genes have been described in Belgium. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic organization of acquired resistance genes in the G. anatis isolate IMT49310 from a German calf suffering from a respiratory tract infection. The isolate was submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and a closed genome was obtained by a hybrid assembly of Illumina MiSeq short-reads and MinION long-reads. Isolate IMT49310 showed elevated MIC values for macrolides, aminoglycosides, florfenicol, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The acquired resistance genes catA1, floR, aadA1, aadB, aphA1, strA, tet(M), tet(B), erm(B), and sul2 were identified within three resistance gene regions in the genome, some of which were associated with IS elements, such as ISVsa5-like or IS15DII. Furthermore, nucleotide exchanges within the QRDRs of gyrA and parC, resulting in amino acid exchanges S83F and D87A in GyrA and S80I in ParC, were identified. Even if the role in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infections in cattle needs to be further investigated, the identification of a G. anatis isolate with reduced susceptibility to regularly used antimicrobial agents in cases of fatal bovine respiratory tract infections is worrisome, and such isolates might also act as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes

Seismic imaging of medieval dike remains in the Wadden Sea (North Frisia, Germany)

Dikes protected cultural lands along the Wadden Sea coast in medieval North Frisia. Remains of dikes must be found to reconstruct the drowned and lost landscapes. Certain imprints in sediment layers due to former load can be linked to eroded dikes. Sediment echosounding provides sections of these imprints and reveals dike courses. Medieval dikes have been traced at Hallig Südfall and south of Sylt