Telegram from Tamar Schachar, Deputy Mayor of Ramat Gan, to Geraldine Ferraro

Telegram from Tamar Schachar, Deputy Mayor of Ramat Gan, to Geraldine Ferraro. Telegram has handwritten notes.https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/vice_presidential_campaign_correspondence_1984_international/1358/thumbnail.jp

Maximum human objectively measured pharmacologically stimulated accommodative amplitude

Purpose: To measure the maximum, objectively measured, accommodative amplitude, produced by pharmacologic stimulation. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy subjects were enrolled, with a mean age of 20.2±1.1 years, corrected visual acuity of 20/20, and mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) =–0.83±1.60 diopters. For each subject, the right pupil was dilated with phenylephrine 10%. After 30 minutes, the pupil was measured, the left eye was patched, and the right eye was autorefracted. Pilocarpine 4% was then instilled in the right eye, followed by phenylephrine. At 45 minutes after the pilocarpine, autorefraction and pupil size were again measured. Results: Mean pupil size pre- and postpilocarpine was 8.0±0.8 mm and 4.4±1.9 mm, respectively. Pre- and postpilocarpine, the mean SER was –0.83±1.60 and –10.55±4.26 diopters, respectively. The mean pilocarpine-induced accommodative amplitude was 9.73±3.64 diopters. Five subjects had accommodative amplitudes ≥14.00 diopters. Accommodative amplitude was not significantly related to baseline SER (p-value =0.24), pre- or postpilocarpine pupil size (p-values =0.13 and 0.74), or change in pupil size (p-value =0.37). Iris color did not statistically significantly affect accommodative amplitude (p-value =0.83). Conclusion: Following topically applied pilocarpine, the induced objectively measured accommodation in the young eye is greater than or equal to the reported subjectively measured voluntary maximum accommodative amplitude

Ciudadanía ganada : lecciones de propiedad para una reforma migratoria

A los propósitos ilustrativos, este Artículo se concentrará en los Estados Unidos, país que anualmente recibe la porción más grande de inmigrantes del mundo.4 Sin que ello signifique menos, actualmente Estados Unidos está en el medio de un debate acrimonioso sobre reforma migratoria. Canadá también puede llegar a presenciar la erupción de debates similares en el futuro dado el aumento de admisiones de trabajadores provisionales, las cuales se han disparado en estos últimos años.5 Si alguna de estas personas con derecho a ingresar provisionalmente permanecen más allá de los términos provistos en su visa, Canadá puede ser testigo del establecimiento de una población que se asiente en el país por años y aun así permanezca prohibida de gozar las protecciones de la ciudadanía, puesto que las regulaciones que gobiernan el ingreso inicial al país están diseñadas específicamente para obstaculizar la opción de ascenso hacia una ciudadanía y de las protecciones fundamentales (por ejemplo contra la deportación) que conlleva dicho estatus

Robotic-assisted Sacrocolpopexy with versus without Concomitant Midurethral Sling: A 2-year Follow-up of Urinary Symptoms and Quality of Life

© 2018 Journal of Mid-life Health | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess long-term postoperative urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in patients after robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy (RASC) with or without concomitant midurethral sling (MUS). Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey of patients comparing long-term postoperative urinary symptoms and QOL measurements in women who underwent RASC with or without MUS. We included all patients from 2011 to 2014 who had RASC with or without MUS. All patients had preoperative urodynamic testing (UDS). Patients who demonstrated stress UI on UDS underwent MUS at the time of RASC. Urinary symptoms and QOL were assessed through the validated Urinary Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7) patient questionnaires. Results: Sixty-eight patients met inclusion criteria, 46 patients completed follow-up questionnaires, and were included in the final analysis. Average length of time to follow-up from surgery was 24 months (range: 6-36 months). A statistically significant difference in UDI-6 scores between the two groups (RASC vs. RASC + MUS) was observed. Median (25thand 75thpercentiles) scores for UDI-6 were 22.92 (8.33 and 32.29, respectively) for the RASC group and 4.17 (0 and 13.54, respectively) for the RASC + MUS group (P = 0.0017). Median scores for IIQ-7 were 0 (0 and 29.73 for the 25thand 75thpercentiles, respectively) for the RASC group and 0 (0 and 0, respectively) for the RASC + MUS group (P = 0.1691). Conclusion: Patients who underwent RASC + MUS scored significantly lower on the UDI-6, indicating fewer urinary distress symptoms. Although not statistically significant, patients in the RASC + MUS group had lower IIQ-7 scores, indicating less negative impact on QOL, compared to the RASC-only group

The AL-Gaussian Distribution as the Descriptive Model for the Internal Proactive Inhibition in the Standard Stop Signal Task

Measurements of response inhibition components of reactive inhibition and proactive inhibition within the stop signal paradigm have been of special interest for researchers since the 1980s. While frequentist nonparametric and Bayesian parametric methods have been proposed to precisely estimate the entire distribution of reactive inhibition, quantified by stop signal reaction times(SSRT), there is no method yet in the stop-signal task literature to precisely estimate the entire distribution of proactive inhibition. We introduce an Asymmetric Laplace Gaussian (ALG) model to describe the distribution of proactive inhibition. The proposed method is based on two assumptions of independent trial type(go/stop) reaction times, and Ex-Gaussian (ExG) models for them. Results indicated that the four parametric, ALG model uniquely describes the proactive inhibition distribution and its key shape features; and, its hazard function is monotonically increasing as are its three parametric ExG components. In conclusion, both response inhibition components can be uniquely modeled via variations of the four parametric ALG model described with their associated similar distributional features.Comment: KEYWORDS Proactive Inhibition, Reaction Times, Ex-Gaussian, Asymmetric Laplace Gaussian, Bayesian Parametric Approach, Hazard functio

Tourette-like behaviors in the normal population are associated with hyperactive/impulsive ADHD-like behaviors but do not relate to deficits in conditioned inhibition or response inhibition

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Tourette Syndrome (TS) present as distinct conditions clinically; however, comorbidity and inhibitory control deficits have been proposed for both. Whilst such deficits have been studied widely within clinical populations, findings are mixed — partly due to comorbidity and/or medication effects — and studies have rarely distinguished between subtypes of the disorders. Studies in the general population are sparse. Using a continuity approach, the present study examined (i) the relationships between inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive aspects of ADHD and TS-like behaviors in the general population, and (ii) their unique associations with automatic and executive inhibitory control, as well as (iii) yawning (a proposed behavioural model of TS). One hundred and thirty-eight participants completed self-report measures for ADHD and TS-like behaviors as well as yawning, and aconditioned inhibition task to assess automatic inhibition

Structural neuroimaging correlates of social deficits are similar in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: analysis from the POND Network

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been associated with difficulties recognizing and responding to social cues. Neuroimaging studies have begun to map the social brain; however, the specific neural substrates contributing to social deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders remain unclear. Three hundred and twelve children underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (controls = 32, OCD = 44, ADHD = 77, ASD = 159; mean age = 11). Their social deficits were quantified on the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). Multivariable regression models were used to examine the structural neuroimaging correlates of social deficits, with both a region of interest and a whole-brain vertex-wise approach. For the region of interest analysis, social brain regions were grouped into three networks: (1) lateral mentalization (e.g., temporal–parietal junction), (2) frontal cognitive (e.g., orbitofrontal cortex), and (3) subcortical affective (e.g., limbic system) regions. Overall, social communication deficits on the SCQ were associated with thinner cortices in the left lateral regions and the right insula, and decreased volume in the ventral striatum, across diagnostic groups (p = 0.006 to \u3c0.0001). Smaller subcortical volumes were associated with more severe social deficits on the SCQ in ASD and ADHD, and less severe deficits in OCD. On the RMET, larger amygdala/hippocampal volumes were associated with fewer deficits across groups. Overall, patterns of associations were similar in ASD and ADHD, supporting a common underlying biology and the blurring of the diagnostic boundaries between these disorders

Axitinib inhibits retinal and choroidal neovascularization in in vitro and in vivo models

AbstractAge-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the elderly in developed countries. Neovascular/exudative (wet) AMD is the aggressive form of AMD and can involve choroidal neovascularization and vascular leakage. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications have significantly improved treatment of wet-AMD. However, only approximately 40% of patients obtain full benefit from anti-VEGF therapy and the medications are given by intravitreal injection. Axitinib, a small molecule multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, is taken orally and inhibits VEGF activity by blocking VEGF receptors. Axitinib also has the advantage of blocking platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors which play a role in neovascularization. Using in vitro human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMVECs), human brain vascular pericytes (HBVRs), 3D co-culture vessel sprout assay, and in vivo laser induced rat choroidal neovascularization (CNV) models, the effect of axitinib on neovascularization was evaluated. Axitinib inhibited neovascularization better than anti-VEGF and/or anti-hPDGF-B mAb in the in vitro models demonstrating that combined inhibition of both VEGF and PDGF pathways may be synergistic in treating wet-AMD. Additionally, axitinib showed good efficacy at a low dose (0.875 mg/day) in laser-induced CNV model in rats. In conclusion our data shows that axitinib, an inhibitor of VEGF and PDGF-B pathways may be useful in ameliorating wet-AMD therapy