Konsumpädagogik: Geschichte, Konzepte und Revision einer vernachlässigten Disziplin

Spätestens seit der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts ist der Markt zu einer bedeutenden Sozialisationsinstanz geworden, der die Bedingungen des Aufwachsens radikal verändert. Nicht nur Jugendliche, sondern auch Kinder werden immer früher als eigenständige KonsumentInnen angesprochen. Als MarktteilnehmerInnen sind Kinder und Jugendliche der pädagogischen Kontrolle entzogen, allerdings ist auf dem Markt ein Probehandeln nicht vorgesehen. So stellt das Konsumieren eine wichtige zu erlernende Kulturtechnik und die Erziehung zum mündigen Konsumieren eine wichtige pädagogische Aufgabe dar. Der Artikel informiert über die Geschichte und den Diskussionstand der Konsumpädagogik, unterzieht aber einige konsumpädagogische Grundbegriffe und Ziele einer Revision. Vor diesem Hintergrund skizziert er schließlich grundlegende Aufgaben der Konsumkunde, einem künftigen Lehrgebiet der Konsumpädagogik. [0

Barcoding and interspecific relationships of Macaronesian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)

In dieser integrativ-taxonomischen Studie werden für 468 der 735 bisher beschriebenen lauri-makaronesischen Arten und Unterarten der Rüsselkäfer (Curculionoidea) mitochondriale CO1-Barcodes in 1388 Proben vorgelegt. Ein Bayes‘scher Baum (elektronisches Supplement) gibt Einblicke in die Beziehungen innerhalb der Arten und Unterarten, ohne ein phylogenetisches Gesamtbild oberhalb der Gattungsebene anzustreben. Mit Ausnahme einiger weniger diskutierter Fälle erlaubt der vorliegende Datensatz von DNA-Barcodes eine zuverlässige Re-Identifizierung und bemerkenswerte Differenzierung von Arten und wird die Entdeckung und Beschreibung neuer Rüsselkäfer-Arten - sowie deren (Re-) Synonymisierung - von den Kanaren, Madeira, und den Azoren beschleunigen. Nur in einem einzigen Fall, bei den eingewanderten, verwandten Arten Rhinoncus castor und R. bruchoides (Ceutorhynchinae) aus Madeira, ergab die molekulare (Re-)Identifizierung einen unauflösbaren Widerspruch zu unserer morphologischen Artbestimmung. In den meisten Fällen wurden die morphologischen Bestimmungen zuvor durch Vergleiche mit dem Typenmaterial untermauert und sequenzierte Exemplare wurden in einer Referenzsammlung für spätere Nachbestimmungen hinterlegt.In an integrative taxonomic approach, this study presents mitochondrial CO1 barcodes for 468 of the 735 so far described Lauri-Macaronesian weevil (Curculionoidea) species and subspecies in 1388 samples. A Bayesian tree (electronic supplement) provides insights into within-species relationships, without aiming at phylogenetic accuracy above genus level. With the exception of a few discussed cases, the present dataset of DNA barcodes allows a reliable re-identification and remarkable differentiation of species and will accelerate the discovery of new weevil species from the Canary, Madeira and Azores archipelagos. Only in a single case, the similar species Rhinoncus castor and R. bruchoides (Ceutorhynchinae) from Madeira, did the molecular (re)identification reveal an unresolvable contradiction with our morphological species identification. In many cases, morphological determinations were bolstered by comparisons with the type material. Sequenced specimens were mounted and deposited in a reference collection for later re-determinations

Molecular and morphological systematics of soil-inhabiting Cryptorhynchinae of the genus Acallorneuma and the tribe Torneumatini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with description of two new species.

Ausgehend von ökologischen (idealtypischen) Einordnungen der flugunfähigen, westpaläarktischen Cryptorhynchinae werden molekulare und morphologische Ergebnisse zur monophyletischen Rüsselkäfer-Gattung Acallorneuma Mainardi, 1906 und zu den subterrestrisch lebenden Arten des Tribus Torneumatini Bedel, 1884 vorgestellt. Ein Katalog und ein Bilderschlüssel zu den 8 validen Arten der Acallorneuma leitet eine Diskussion über die begrenzten Möglichkeiten einer rein morphologischen Analyse der uniformen Arten des Genus Acallorneuma ein. In einem weiteren Schritt wird die morphologische Systematik mit der molekularen Rekonstruktion der Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse anhand einer Region des mitochondrialen CO1 Gens verglichen. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wenden wir uns den gegenwärtig 71 bekannten, blinden, flügellosen und weitgehend kryptischen, tief im Erdreich lebenden Arten der Torneumatini zu. Die molekulare Analyse zeigt zwischen den Arten erhebliche p-Distanzen, macht aber auch deutlich, dass die Rekonstruktion der Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse ganz entscheidend von der Anzahl der Arten und Proben abhängig ist. Dennoch wurden einige taxonomische Änderungen vorgenommen: Torneuma s. str. mit der Typusart Torneuma caecum Wollaston, 1860 gibt es nur auf dem Madeira Archipel! Die Arten des Subgenus Paratyphloporus Solari, 1937 stat. nov. – und zwar nur die von den Kanarischen Inseln – gehören in das Subgenus Paratorneuma Roudier, 1956 stat. nov. Für alle anderen Arten aus dem mediterranen Gebiet und den östlichen kanarischen Inseln ist eine endgültige Klassifikation zur Zeit noch nicht möglich (incertae sedis), auch wenn erste Gruppen - eingeteilt vor allem nach der Innensackstruktur des Aedoeagus - hier bereits vorgestellt werden (siehe Anhang 2). Torneuma deplanatum deplanatum (Hampe, 1864) ist die Typusart des Subgenus Typhloporus und schließt einige, aber eben nicht alle mediterranen Arten mit einem konstant tiefen Rüsselkanal ein, der – das zeigen unsere vergleichenden Studien – offensichtlich mehrere Male in der Evolution ausgebildet wurde. Zwei neue Arten werden abschließenden beschrieben: Torneuma (s. str.) isambertoi Stüben spec. nov. von Madeira and Torneuma (s.l.) cadizensis Stüben spec. nov. aus dem Süden Spaniens. Für beide Arten werden Schlüssel mit den nächst verwandten Arten präsentiert.StichwörterAcallorneuma, Torneumatini, Torneuma, Bayesian analysis, Integrative Taxonomy, morphology, CO1, new species, taxonomic changes, Western Palaearctic, Spain, Portugal, Canary Islands, Madeira.Nomenklatorische Handlungenisambertoi Stüben, 2016 (Torneuma (s. str.)), spec. nov.cadizensis Stüben, 2016 (Torneuma (s.l.)), spec. nov.Starting from an ecological classification of the morphotypes of apterous western Palaearctic Cryptorhynchinae, molecular systematic and morphological results for the monophyletic weevil genus Acallorneuma Mainardi, 1906 and the tribe Torneumatini Bedel, 1884 are presented. Based on the mitochondrial CO1 barcoding region, we discuss the limits of comparative morphology in the uniform Acallorneuma species. A catalogue and a pictorial key of all 8 species of Acallorneuma are provided. In a second step we compare morphology-based systematics of the genus Acallorneuma with our molecular reconstruction. Finally, we focus on the related blind, equally wingless and uniform, currently 71 species of the tribe Torneumatini living deep in the soil. This overview of the present state of research shows that molecular intrageneric resolution is highly dependent on the number of sampled species, especially in those cases with particularly long edges in the dendrogram. But although Torneumatini sampling was not complete due to the elusiveness of these subterranean species, some taxonomic changes could still be implemented: Torneuma s. str. with the type species Torneuma caecum Wollaston, 1860 occurs only on the Madeira archipelago. The species of the subgenus Paratyphloporus Solari, 1937 stat. nov. - only from the western Canary Islands(!) - must be transferred into the genus subgenus Paratorneuma Roudier, 1956 stat. nov. For all other species of the Mediterranean area and the eastern Canary Islands, the systematic classification needs to be remade (incertae sedis, see also appendix 2). Torneuma deplanatum deplanatum (Hampe, 1864) is the type species of the subgenus Typhloporus that includes some, but not all Mediterranean species with a constantly deep and wide pectoral canal, which - as it now seems likely – was developed several times. Two new species are described: Torneuma (s. str.) isambertoi Stüben spec. nov. from Madeira and Torneuma (s.l.) cadizensis Stüben spec. nov. from the south of Spain. In both cases keys are given to differentiate from the closely related species.KeywordsAcallorneuma, Torneumatini, Torneuma, Bayesian analysis, Integrative Taxonomy, morphology, CO1, new species, taxonomic changes, Western Palaearctic, Spain, Portugal, Canary Islands, Madeira.Nomenclatural Actsisambertoi Stüben, 2016 (Torneuma (s. str.)), spec. nov.cadizensis Stüben, 2016 (Torneuma (s.l.)), spec. nov

Let It Flow: Morpholino Knockdown in Zebrafish Embryos Reveals a Pro-Angiogenic Effect of the Metalloprotease Meprin α2

BACKGROUND: Meprin metalloproteases are thought to be involved in basic physiological functions such as cell proliferation and tissue differentiation. However, the specific functions of these enzymes are still ambiguous, although a variety of growth factors and structural proteins have been identified as meprin substrates. The discovery of meprins alpha(1), alpha(2) and beta in teleost fish provided the basis for uncovering their physiological functions by gene silencing in vivo. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A Morpholino knockdown in zebrafish embryos targeting meprin alpha(1) and beta mRNA caused defects in general tissue differentiation. But meprin alpha(2) morphants were affected more specifically and showed severe failures in the formation of the vascular system provoking the hypothesis of a pro-angiogenic effect. The blood circulation was largely diminished resulting in erythrocyte accumulation. These phenotypes mimic a previously described VEGF-A morphant, revealing a possible role of meprin alpha in VEGF-A activation. Indeed, human recombinant meprin alpha processed the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) specifically, revealing the same cleavage products detectable for VEGF from zebrafish whole lysate. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrate that meprin metalloproteases are important for cell differentiation and proliferation already during embryogenesis, predominantly by the activation of growth factors. Thus, we conclude that meprins play a significant role in VEGF-A processing, subsequently regulating angiogenesis. Therefore, meprin alpha might be a new therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases or in tumor growth inhibition

Mechanistic insight into RET kinase inhibitors targeting the DFG-out conformation in RET-rearranged cancer

Oncogenic fusion events have been identified in a broad range of tumors. Among them, RET rearrangements represent distinct and potentially druggable targets that are recurrently found in lung adenocarcinomas. Here, we provide further evidence that current anti-RET drugs may not be potent enough to induce durable responses in such tumors. We report that potent inhibitors such as AD80 or ponatinib that stably bind in the DFG-out conformation of RET may overcome these limitations and selectively kill RET-rearranged tumors. Using chemical genomics in conjunction with phosphoproteomic analyses in RET-rearranged cells we identify the CCDC6-RETI788N mutation and drug-induced MAPK pathway reactivation as possible mechanisms, by which tumors may escape the activity of RET inhibitors. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the druggability of RET kinase fusions that may be of help for the development of effective therapies targeting such tumors

On-Surface Covalent Linking of Organic Building Blocks on a Bulk Insulator

Kittelmann M, Rahe P, Nimmrich M, Hauke CM, Gourdon A, Kühnle A. On-Surface Covalent Linking of Organic Building Blocks on a Bulk Insulator. ACS Nano. 2011;5(10):8420-8425.On-surface synthesis in ultrahigh vacuum provides a promising strategy for creating thermally and chemically stable molecular structures at surfaces. The two-dimensional confinement of the educts, the possibility of working at higher (or lower) temperatures in the absence of solvent, and the templating effect of the surface bear the potential of preparing compounds that cannot be obtained in solution. Moreover, covalently linked conjugated molecules allow for efficient electron transport and are, thus, particularly interesting for future molecular electronics applications. When having these applications in mind, electrically insulating substrates are mandatory to provide sufficient decoupling of the molecular structure from the substrate surface. So far, however, on-surface synthesis has been achieved only on metallic substrates. Here we demonstrate the covalent linking of organic molecules on a bulk insulator, namely, calcite. We deliberately employ the strong electrostatic interaction between the carboxylate groups of halide-substituted benzoic adds and the surface calcium cations to prevent molecular desorption and to reach homolytic cleavage temperatures. This allows for the formation of aryl radicals and intermolecular coupling. By varying the number and position of the halide substitution, we rationally design the resulting structures, revealing straight lines, zigzag structures, and dimers, thus providing clear evidence for the covalent linking. Our results constitute an important step toward exploiting on-surface synthesis for molecular electronics and optics applications, which require electrically insulating rather than metallic supporting substrates

Description of a new species of the genus Echinodera Wollaston, 1863 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and supplement to the weevil fauna of Kefalonia Island (Greece): With 21 figures and 5 Appendix

Die eingehende Überprüfung von Exemplaren, welche bisher Echinodera cf. brisouti (Reitter, 1885) zugeordnet worden waren, resultiert hier in der Beschreibung von Echinodera stuebeni spec. nov. Die morphologisch ähnliche Art Echinodera peneckei Stüben, 1998 stat. nov., ehemals Unterart von E. brisouti, wird zur eigenständigen Art erhoben. Diese taxonomischen Änderungen werden durch beiderlei, den Vergleich der Barcode-Sequenzdaten (COI), sowie durch die Untersuchung der morphologischen Merkmale gestützt. Der Barcode von Echinodera peneckei wird hier erstmals mitgeteilt. In einem ersten Supplementum zur Checkliste der Rüsselkäfer Kefalonias werden hier sieben weitere Arten gemeldet. Nomenklatorische Handlungen Echinodera stuebeni spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FA93775A-0021-40CE-9280-14550A14BFF6The revision of specimens which had been attributed to Echinodera cf. brisouti (Reitter, 1885) results here in the description of E. stuebeni spec. nov. The morphologically similar species Echinodera peneckei Stüben, 1998 stat. nov. is promoted to species rank, from a subspecies of E. brisouti. These taxonomic changes are supported by both, the comparison of the DNA barcodes of COI, and the investigation of morphological characters. The barcode of Echinodera peneckei is provided for the first time. In a first supplement to the faunistic list of the Curculionoidea of Kefalonia, seven further species are recorded here. Taxonomic acts Echinodera stuebeni spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FA93775A-0021-40CE-9280-14550A14BFF6 &nbsp

Molecular systematics and morphological identification of the cryptic species of the genus Acalles Schoenherr, 1825, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae)

Schütte, André, Stüben, Peter E. (2015): Molecular systematics and morphological identification of the cryptic species of the genus Acalles Schoenherr, 1825, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae). Zootaxa 3915 (1): 1-51, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3915.1.

Molecular Weevil Identification Project: A thoroughly curated barcode release of 1300 Western Palearctic weevil species (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea)

The Molecular Weevil Identification project (MWI) studies the systematics of Western Palearctic weevils (superfamily Curculionoidea) in an integrative taxonomic approach of DNA barcoding, morphology and ecology. This barcode release provides almost 3600 curated CO1 sequences linked to morphological vouchers in about 1300 weevil species. The dataset is presented in statistical distance tables and as a Neighbour-Joining tree. Bayesian Inference trees are computed for the subfamilies Cryptorhynchinae, Apioninae and Ceutorhynchinae. Altogether, 18 unresolved taxonomic issues are discussed. A new barcode primer set is presented. Finally, we establish group-specific genetic distances for many weevil genera to serve as a tool in species delineation. These values are statistically based on distances between "good species" and their congeners. With this morphologically calibrated approach, we could resolve most alpha-taxonomic questions within the MWI project