Das Spätglazial

Im Anschluß an einen kurzen Überblick über die Hauptetappen der pollenanalytischen Spätglazialforschung werden neue Profile mit jungpaläolithischen Kulturschichten aus dem Hamburger Raum diskutiert. Die Diagramme registrieren die Bölling-Schwankung mit markanten Betula-Maxima und einem Tiefstand der N.B.P.-Kurve, die zur Abtrennung der Pollenzone II benützt werden. Die Kulturschicht von Borneck bei Ahrensburg gehört an die Wende Alleröd/Jüngere Dryas-Zeit, ist also etwa gleichaltrig mit Usselo/Holland. Die ebenfalls jungpaläolithische Kulturschicht von Poggenwisch bei Meiendorf dagegen ist älter. Sie gehört typologisch zur jüngeren Hamburger Stufe ( = Hamburg II) und ist noch in die Zeit der Waldfreiheit gegen Ende der Zone I einzuordnen; d. h. noch vor die Bölling-Schwankung. Nach dem Nichtbaumpollen-Anteil ist sie jünger als die Funde von Meiendorf ( = Hamburg I). Typologisch gleichartige Artefakte aus dem Geschiebemergel eines jüngeren Moränenzuges von Grömitz/Ostsee ermöglichen die Zeitbestimmung für den zugehörigen jüngeren Eisvorstoß. Die äußerste J-Moräne von Grömitz ist in der Zeit zwischen Hamburg II und einer Phase noch vor Bölling aufgeschüttet worden. Nach den C 14-Werten von Poggenwisch muß demnach der Eisvorstoß bis in die Gegend von Grömitz an der ostholsteinischen Küste noch nach 13 000 v. Chr. erfolgt sein.researc

Deliberation, Unjust Exclusion, and the Rhetorical Turn

Theories of deliberative democracy have faced the charge of leading to the unjust exclusion of voices from public deliberation. The recent rhetorical turn in deliberative theory aims to respond to this charge. I distinguish between two variants of this response: the supplementing approach and the systemic approach. On the supplementing approach, rhetorical modes of political speech may legitimately supplement the deliberative process, for the sake of those excluded from the latter. On the systemic approach, rhetorical modes of political speech are legitimate within public deliberation, just so long as they result in net benefits to the deliberative system. I argue that neither of these two approaches adequately meets the unjust exclusion charge. Whereas the supplementing approach does not go far enough to incorporate rhetorical speech into public deliberation, the systemic approach goes too far by legitimizing forms of rhetoric that risk only exacerbating the problem of unjust exclusion. More constructively, I draw on Aristotle’s conception of rhetoric, as an art (technē) that is a counterpart to dialectic, to argue for a constitutive approach to rhetoric. I show how this approach provides a more expansive notion of deliberation that remains normatively orientated

You Can't Go Home Again: On the Conceptualization of Disasters in Ancient Greek Tragedy

The ancient Greek tragedy represents one of the earliest and most dramatic ways of dealing with the phenomenon of disaster in literature. This ancient literary form will be used as a kind of template in the search for recurrent forms of moral attitudes and behaviour that seem to follow almost universally in the wake of war and armed conflicts. First, the focus will be on war veterans’ experiences and narratives of going home again, i.e. of returning from combat back to a life called ‘normal’. These are experiences that render both the victorious and the defeated representatives of such conflicts extremely vulnerable and susceptible to harm, as dramatically displayed in Sophocles’ tragedy Ajax. Second, Euripides’ plays Andromache, Hecuba and The Trojan women will be made use of. In these plays, unvarnished versions of the horrors women and children are subjected to as a consequence of war are dramatically displayed. To demonstrate the moral timelessness and didactic potentials of these ancient representations, the fate of war veterans, women and children in the wake of modern wars and armed conflicts will then be displayed through Bryan Doerries’ narrative, Theater of war, of exposing US war veterans to Sophocles play Ajax, and through the narratives of 50 Syrian women, all refugees living in Aman, Jordan because of the civil war in Syria, of staging Euripides’ play The Trojan women

Energy loss of argon in a laser-generated carbon plasma

The experimental data presented in this paper address the energy loss determination for argon at 4 MeV u projectile energy in laser generated carbon plasma covering a huge parameter range in density and temperature. Furthermore, a consistent theoretical description of the projectile charge state evolution via a Monte Carlo code is combined with an improved version of the CasP code that allows us to calculate the contributions to the stopping power of bound and free electrons for each projectile charge state. This approach gets rid of any effective charge description of the stopping power. Comparison of experimental data and theoretical results allows us to judge the influence of different plasma parameter

Transport of laser accelerated proton beams and isochoric heating of matter

The acceleration of intense proton and ion beams by ultra-intense lasers has matured to a point where applications in basic research and technology are being developed. Crucial for harvesting the unmatched beam parameters driven by the relativistic electron sheath is the precise control of the beam. We report on recent experiments using the PHELIX laser at GSI, the VULCAN laser at RAL and the TRIDENT laser at LANL to control and use laser accelerated proton beams for applications in high energy density research. We demonstrate efficient collimation of the proton beam using high field pulsed solenoid magnets, a prerequisite to capture and transport the beam for applications. Furthermore we report on two campaigns to use intense, short proton bunches to isochorically heat solid targets up to the warm dense matter state. The temporal profile of the proton beam allows for rapid heating of the target, much faster than the hydrodynamic response time thereby creating a strongly coupled plasma at solid density. The target parameters are then probed by X-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) to reveal the density and temperature of the heated volume. This combination of two powerful techniques developed during the past few years allows for the generation and investigation of macroscopic samples of matter in states present in giant planets or the interior of the earth

The Origin of Agriculture in Denmark: A Review of some Theories

The Origin of Agriculture in Denmark: A Review of some Theorie