Pengaruh Pemberian Asam Humat Dan K Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill)

Tanaman tomat merupakan tanaman hortikultura yang akan tumbuh dan berproduksi baik pada tanah dengan kandungan bahan organik yang tinggi. Asam humat merupakan hasil ekstraksi bahan organik yang dapat dijadikan sebagai subtitusi pupuk kandang atau kompos. Salah satu bahan yang dapat diekstrak untuk menghasilkan asam humat adalah batubara muda. Dalam peningkatan produksi, maka tidak terlepas dari pemupukan. unsur K salah satu unsur hara essensial yang berperan dalam proses pembentukan dan translokasi fotosintat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam humat, pupuk K, serta interaksi dari asam humat dan pupuk K terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung dengan metode RAL Faktorial 2×5. Faktor pertama yaitu pupuk K yang berasal dari KCl (k0 = tanpa KCl, k1= dengan KCl 6 g polybag-1). Faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi asam humat (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg L-1. Tanah untuk media tanam adalah jenis Ultisol yang diambil dari Politeknik Negeri Lampung di Jl. Soekarno Hatta No 10 Rajabasa Bandar Lampung. Setiap polybag berisi 10 kg tanah. Homogenitas ragam data pengamatan diuji dengan Uji Bartlett. Data yang sudah homogen dianalisis Uji-F. Analisis lanjut menggunakan uji perbandingan dan polinomial ortogonal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada perlakuan tanpa K, asam humat dapat meningkatkan jumlah daun, indeks kehijauan daun, dan bobot buah per tanaman, tetapi bila diberi pupuk K hubungannya tidak nyata dan menurun secara linier pada indeks kehijauan daun dan jumlah daun

Contraceptive use and sexual function: a comparison of Italian female medical students and women attending family planning services

Objectives: The aims of the study were to understand how education relates to contraceptive choice and how sexual function can vary in relation to the use of a contraceptive method. Methods: We surveyed female medical students and women attending a family planning service (FPS) in Italy. Participants completed an online questionnaire which asked for information on sociodemographics, lifestyle, sexuality and contraceptive use and also included items of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Results: The questionnaire was completed by 413 women (362 students and 51 women attending the FPS) between the ages of 18 and 30 years. FSFI scores revealed a lower risk of sexual dysfunction among women in the control group who did not use oral hormonal contraception. The differences in FSFI total scores between the two study groups, when subdivided by the primary contraceptive method used, was statistically significant (p < 0.005). Women using the vaginal ring had the lowest risk of sexual dysfunction, compared with all other women, and had a positive sexual function profile. In particular, the highest FSFI domain scores were lubrication, orgasm and satisfaction, also among the control group. Expensive contraception, such as long-acting reversible contraception, was not preferred by this young population, even though such methods are more contemporary and manageable. Compared with controls, students had lower compliance with contraception and a negative attitude towards voluntary termination of pregnancy. Conclusion: Despite their scientific knowledge, Italian female medical students were found to need sexual and contraceptive assistance. A woman's sexual function responds to her awareness of her body and varies in relation to how she is guided in her contraceptive choice. Contraceptive counselling is an excellent means to improve female sexuality

The Economic Value of Predicting Bond Risk Premia

This paper studies whether the evident statistical predictability of bond risk premia translates into economic gains for investors. We propose a novel estimation strategy for affine term structure models that jointly fits yields and bond excess returns, thereby capturing predictive information otherwise hidden to standard estimations. The model predicts excess returns with high regressions R2s and high forecast accuracy but cannot outperform the expectations hypothesis out-of-sample in terms of economic value, showing a general contrast between statistical and economic metrics of forecast evaluation. More specifically, the model mostly generates positive (negative) economic value during times of high (low) macroeconomic uncertainty. Overall, the expectation hypothesis remains a useful benchmark for investment decisions in bond markets, especially in low uncertainty states

Properties of foreign exchange risk premiums

We study the properties of foreign exchange risk premiums that can explain the forward bias puzzle, defined as the tendency of high-interest rate currencies to appreciate rather than depreciate. These risk premiums arise endogenously from the no-arbitrage condition relating the term structure of interest rates and exchange rates. Estimating affine (multi-currency) term structure models reveals a noticeable tradeoff between matching depreciation rates and accuracy in pricing bonds. Risk premiums implied by our global affine model generate unbiased predictions for currency excess returns and are closely related to global risk aversion, the business cycle, and traditional exchange rate fundamentals

Exchange Rates and Sovereign Risk

We empirically investigate the relation between currency excess returns and sovereign risk, as measured by credit default swap (CDS) spreads. An increase in a country’s CDS spread is accompanied by a contemporaneous depreciation of its exchange rate as well as an increase of its currency volatility and crash risk. The link between currency excess returns and sovereign risk is mainly driven by exposure to global sovereign risk shocks and also emerges in a predictive setting for currency risk premia. Sovereign risk forecasts excess returns to trading exchange rates, volatility and skewness, and is strongly priced in the cross-section of currencies. Moreover, we find that sovereign risk accounts for a large share of carry trade returns, and that carry and momentum strategies generate high (low) returns across countries with high (low) sovereign risk

Caldera unrest driven by CO2-induced drying of the deep hydrothermal system

Interpreting volcanic unrest is a highly challenging and non-unique problem at calderas, since large hydrothermal systems may either hide or amplify the dynamics of buried magma(s). Here we use the exceptional ground displacement and geochemical datasets from the actively degassing Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy) to show that ambiguities disappear when the thermal evolution of the deep hydrothermal system is accurately tracked. By using temperatures from the CO2-CH4 exchange of 13C and thermodynamic analysis of gas ascending in the crust, we demonstrate that after the last 1982-84 crisis the deep hydrothermal system evolved through supercritical conditions under the continuous isenthalpic inflow of hot CO2-rich gases released from the deep (~8 km) magma reservoir of regional size. This resulted in the drying of the base of the hot hydrothermal system, no more buffered along the liquid-vapour equilibrium, and excludes any shallow arrival of new magma, whose abundant steam degassing due to decompression would have restored liquid-vapour equilibrium. The consequent CO2-infiltration and progressive heating of the surrounding deforming rock volume cause the build-up of pore pressure in aquifers, and generate the striking temporal symmetry that characterizes the ongoing uplift and the post-1984 subsidence, both originated by the same but reversed deformation mechanism

Exchange rates and sovereign risk

An increase in a country's sovereign risk, as measured by credit default swap spreads, is accompanied by a contemporaneous depreciation of its currency and an increase of its volatility. The relation between currency excess returns and sovereign risk is mainly driven by default expectations (rather than distress risk premia) and exposure to global sovereign risk shocks, and also emerges in a predictive setting for currency risk premia. We show that a sovereign risk factor is priced in the cross-section of currency returns and that it is not subsumed by the carry factor.Christian Wagner acknowledges support from the Center for Financial Frictions (FRIC), grant no. DNRF10

An intrusion and fault tolerant forensic storage for a SIEM system

Current Security Information and Events Management (SIEM) solutions lack a data storage facility which is secure enough - i.e. stored events related to security incidents cannot be forged and are always available - that it can be used for forensic purposes. Forensic storage used by current SIEM solutions uses traditional RSA algorithm to sign the security events. In this paper we have analyzed the limits of current forensic storages, and we have proposed an architecture for forensic storage, implementing a threshold-based variant of the RSA algorithm, that outperforms state of the art SIEM solutions in terms of intrusion- and fault-tolerance. We show by experiments that our forensic storage works correctly even in the presence of cyber-attacks, although with a performance penalty. We also conduct an experimental campaign to evaluate the performance cost of the proposed scheme as a function of the threshold

A resilient architecture for forensic storage of events in critical infrastructures

In Critical Infrastructures, forensic analysis of stored events is an essential task when a security breach occurs. The goal of forensic analysis is to provide evidence to be used as valid proofs in a legal proceeding. So, it is very important to ensure the integrity of the events stored in order to perform a correct forensic analysis. Today, most of the SIEMs used to protect the Critical Infrastructures sign the security events with RSA classic algorithm in order to ensure their integrity. The signed security events cannot be admissible as evidence if the secret key is compromised, or when the module responsible for signing operations is down for any reason. In this paper a new architecture that overcomes these limitations has been proposed. Experimental tests show the performance of our architecture and the high resilience in faulty situations, i.e. some nodes are under attack