Assesing the frequency and clauses of out-of-stock events through store scanner data

This paper aims to provide an answer to the question of out-of-stock events (OOS), their frequency, the sales losses they generate, and their causes. The authors provide two contributions. They describe a new sales-based measure of OOS computed on the basis of store-level scanner data and identify several of the main determinants of OOS. They also introduce a significant distinction between complete and partial OOSout-of-stock events; store-level scanner data; assortment; retailing; marketing metrics

A combination of real-time PCR and high-resolution melting analysis to detect and identify CpGV genotypes involved in type I resistance

Cydia pomonella granulovirus, in particular CpGV-M isolate, is used as a biological control against the codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella. As a result of intensive control over the years, codling moth populations have developed resistance against this isolate. This resistance is now called type I resistance. Isolates, among them, CpGV-R5, have been found that are able to overcome type I resistance. Both CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 are used in orchards to control the codling moth. High resolution melting (HRM) has been adapted to differentiate between CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 isolates. Specific PCR primers have been designed for the CpGV p38 gene, encompassing the variable region responsible for the ability to overcome resistance. Because each amplicon has a specific melting point, it is possible to identify the CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 genotypes and to quantify their relative proportion. This method has been validated using mixtures of occlusion bodies of each isolate at various proportions. Then, the HRM has been used to estimate the proportion of each genotype in infected larvae or in occlusion bodies (OBs) extracted from dead larvae. This method allows a rapid detection of genotype replication and enables the assessment of either success or failure of the infection in field conditions

Exploring the antimicrobial properties of dark-operating ceramic-based nanocomposite materials for the disinfection of indoor air

International audienceAs people spend more and more time inside, the quality of indoor air becomes crucial matter. This study explores the germicidal potential of two dark-operating germicidal composite materials designed to be applied for the indoor air disinfection under flow conditions. The first material, MnO 2 /AlPO 4 /γ-Al 2 O 3 beads, is a donor-acceptor interactive composite capable of creating hydroxyl radicals HO.. The second one is a ZnO/γ-Al 2 O 3 material with inter-cropped hexagons on its surface. To determine the antimicrobial efficiency of these materials in lifelike conditions, a pilot device was constructed that allows the test of the materials in dynamic conditions and agar diffusion inhibitory tests were also conducted. The results of the tests showed that the MnO 2 /AlPO 4 /γ-Al 2 O 3 material has a germicidal effect in static conditions whereas ZnO/γ-Al 2 O 3 does not. In dynamic conditions, the oxidizing MnO 2 / AlPO 4 /γ-Al 2 O 3 material is the most efficient when using low air speed whereas the ZnO/γ-Al 2 O 3 one becomes more efficient than the other materials when increasing the air linear speed. This ZnO/γ-Al 2 O 3 dark-operating germicidal material manifests the ability to proceed the mechanical destruction of bacterial cells. Actually, the antimicrobial efficiency of materials in dynamic conditions varies regarding the air speed through the materials and that static tests are not representative of the behavior of the material for air disinfection. Depending on the conditions, the best strategy to inactivate microorganisms changes and abrasive structures are a field that needs further exploration as they are in most of the conditions tested the best way to quickly decrease the number of microorganisms

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Les Scop et l'entrepreneuriat social: La perspective de fondateurs et dirigeants de Scop de la région Ouest de la France

International audienceThe status of Scop is based on a participatory employee model and a strong anchoring to local community. This paper seeks to understand how Scop position themselves relative to the field of social entrepreneurship. This work builds on a series of fifteen semi-structured interviews conducted with founders and leaders of Scop from the West region of France. The main results of this study highlight the importance given to a long term view of the firm and to the prominence given to employees. It appears that the social entrepreneurship dimension of these companies emerges mainly from internal operations. Thus, our study sheds new light on the concept of "social value" as described by the model of social entrepreneurship (Austin et al., 2006). Secondly, with regard to their mission and their measure of performance, the Scop does not appear as a homogeneous model of social entrepreneurship but reveals instead three types of profiles: hybrid, social and commercial. Our empirical study of Scop confirms that the concept of social entrepreneurship does not distinguish itself from classical or commercial entrepreneurship in a binary fashion but that instead the two notions are part of a continuum (Peredo & McLean, 2006).Les Sociétés Coopératives de Production (Scop) reposent sur un mode de fonctionnement participatif des salariés et sur un ancrage au territoire fort. Ce papier vise à comprendre comment les Scop se situent par rapport au champ de l'entrepreneuriat social. Ce travail s'appuie sur une série de quinze entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de fondateurs et/ou de dirigeants de Scop de la région Ouest de la France. Les principaux résultats de cette étude mettent en avant l'importance donnée par les dirigeants à la pérennisation de l'entreprise et la place prépondérante qu'ils accordent aux salariés. Premièrement, il nous apparaît que la dimension entrepreneuriat social de ces entreprises se dégage essentiellement au niveau du fonctionnement interne. Ainsi, notre étude apporte un éclairage nouveau sur la notion de " valeur sociale " telle que décrite par le modèle de l'entrepreneuriat social (Austin & al., 2006). Deuxièmement, au regard de leur mission et de leur manière de mesurer la performance, la Scop n'apparaît pas comme un modèle unique d'entrepreneuriat social homogène mais se reflète dans trois types de profils : hybride, social et commercial. Notre étude empirique sur les Scop confirme que la notion d'entrepreneuriat social ne se distingue pas de l'entrepreneuriat classique (ou commercial) de manière opposée mais qu'au contraire les deux notions s'inscrivent dans un continuum (Peredo & McLean, 2006)

Plateforme de sécurisation des villes: le projet européen IMPETUS

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Traitement d'effluents gazeux chargés en composés organiques volatils par oxydation biologique (approche écologique des communautés microbiennes)

Dans le cadre de la réduction des émissions atmosphériques des Composés Organiques Volatils (COV), de nombreux travaux visent à optimiser la gestion des procédés biologiques utilisés pour traiter ces effluents. Ce travail de thèse est axé sur le fonctionnement de la microflore et plus particulièrement sur la mise en place de la communauté microbienne impliquée dans la dégradation des COV (phase d'acclimatation). La caractérisation de la microflore, par l'évaluation de la densité, de la diversité, et de l'activité de biodégradation, a été réalisée au sein d'unités pilotes alimentées par des effluents gazeux contenant onze COV (composés oxygénés, aromatiques et chlorés). Ce travail a notamment mis en évidence que : - la stratégie (fortes concentrations en polluants : 7,7 g.m-3) actuellement employée pour acclimater la flore n'est pas adaptée. - l'élimination des onze composés est associée à une microflore dominante hétérogène. - lors du démarrage, le mode d'introduction des polluants (simultané ou progressif) a peu d'impact sur le fonctionnement des réacteursLYON1-BU.Sciences (692662101) / SudocSudocFranceF