Infecciones nosocomiales adquiridas en el área quirúrgica, una responsabilidad de enfermería. Revisión bibliográfica

Las infecciones nosocomiales son endémicas y se encuentran permanentemente en los hospitales, considerándose un problema de salud a nivel mundial. Aquellas adquiridas durante el ingreso hospitalario representan un 5.39%, aumentando en la especialidad quirúrgica al 6.70% de los casos, por ello se hace necesario trabajar en el área quirúrgica con unas medidas de asepsia y antisepsia. El área quirúrgica es una unidad funcional autónoma, con equipos especializados y con personal cualificado para desempeñar sus funciones. Enfermería debe preparar al paciente para la intervención de una forma integral, física y psicológica. El objetivo de este trabajo es encontrar la mejor evidencia científica sobre las intervenciones que realiza enfermería, destinadas a la prevención de las infecciones nosocomiales en el área quirúrgica y conocer las medidas de asepsia y antisepsia. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica desde diciembre de 2017 a marzo de 2018, en las bases de datos Pubmed, Lilacs, Medline Plus, BDENF, IBECS, BINACIS, SciELO, Dialnet, Cochrane Plus y ScienceDirect. Se incluyeron artículos publicados en los 10 últimos años, con acceso a texto completo y en 3 idiomas: español, inglés y portugués. Tras realizar una lectura crítica de los artículos encontrados, se seleccionaron 14 publicaciones. Los resultados demuestran la necesidad de mantener unas medidas de asepsia y antisepsia con el fin de disminuir la incidencia de infección adquirida en el quirófano. Enfermería es la principal responsable ya que permanece más tiempo con el paciente, y es la encargada de sus medidas higiénicas. Además, el personal sanitario debe realizar unas medidas de auto cuidado como la correcta higiene de manos y la correspondiente utilización de antisépticos; el uso de ropa estéril y de métodos de protección de barrera. Por último, otro punto importante es la desinfección de la zona de incisión del paciente mediante el empleo de clorhexidina alcohólicaGrado en Enfermerí

Retocadores óseos y Neandertales: de la esfera alimenticia a la tecnológica

A partir de estudios recientes sobre neandertales conocemos la multiplicidad de particulares que comprenden estos homininos. Sus características socioeconómicas y culturales se caracterizan por un comportamiento tradicionalmente denominado moderno (incipiente para algunos investigadores, indudable para otros muchos). Dentro de estas tradiciones hay que resaltar el uso del hueso, empleado para multitud de tareas. Numerosos yacimientos musterienses peninsulares destacan por la producción de retocadores óseos. Uno de los ejemplos más prometedores es el yacimiento de Prado Vargas (Cornejo, Burgos) donde se han recuperado cerca de 50 ejemplares en las últimas campañas de excavación en una superficie excavada de 14 m2 (el 25% de la superficie total).From recent studies of Neanderthals, we can know the multiplicity of issues understand these hominids. Its socio-economic and cultural characteristics are characterized by a traditionally behaviour called modern (incipient for some investigators, undoubtable for many others). Within these traditions we must emphasize the use of bones for many tasks. A lot of Mousterian peninsular sites stand out for the bone retouchers production. One of the most promising examples is the Prado Vargas site (Cornejo, Burgos) where about 50 specimens have been recovered in last excavation campaigns on an excavated surface of 14 m2 (25% of the total surface area)

Experimental and Theoretical Study on Physical Properties of the Systems Dimethyl Carbonate and Diethyl Carbonate + Pentanol Isomers

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract] In many industrial applications that involve solvents, the knowledge of both thermodynamics properties and transport properties play an important role in the design, sustainability, and optimization of processes in different fields of study. However, it is a fact that there is a lack of data and predictive models for the develop of future applications. Taking this into account, in this work we studied the physical properties of carbonates and pentanol isomers as well as their mixtures due to the versality of these solvents in many processes. We present measurements of densities (ρ) and excess molar volumes and enthalpies (VmE, HmE) at 298.15 K for the systems dimethyl or diethyl carbonate + pentanol isomers; and specifically for the systems with diethyl carbonate the surface tensions (σ ) and the surface tension deviations (δσ) at 298.15 K and the viscosities (η), dynamic viscosity deviations (Δη), refractive indexes (nD) and the changes in the refractive index (ΔnD) at 298.15 and 308.15 K. Different theoretical models were applied to obtained data for surface tensions and refractive indexes.Funding for open access charge: Universidade da Coruña/CISU

Preliminary Study of New Electrolytes Based on [MPPyr][TFSI] for Lithium Ion Batteries

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract] The application of ionic liquids in lithium ion batteries has increased in recent years in order to find new electrolytes that improve both performance and safety. The gathering of experimental data in order to understand the behaviour of these systems will help us design electrolytes that can be optimized for a specific objective. Data on electrolytes made up of a ternary mixture with an ionic liquid are missing in the literature. In this work, we provide new data on physical properties and refractive indexes for the ternary mixtures 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([MPPyr][TFSI]) + acetonitrile (AN) or γ butyrolactone (GBL) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) with different concentrations of salt, specifically, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 35%. The measured properties were density (ρ), viscosity (η) and ionic conductivity (κ) in the temperature range of 278.15 to 358.15 K except for the mixtures with acetonitrile whose temperature range was 278.15 K to 328.15 K and the refractive indexes (nD) that were measured at a single temperature of 298.15 K. In general, the addition of salt in the binary mixtures provokes an increase of density and viscosity and therefore a decrease of ionic conductivity. It is worth mentioning that some of the studied systems showed values of ionic conductivity even better than those obtained for electrolyte systems based on carbonate.This work was supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER Program through the projects MAT2017–89239-C2–1-P, MAT2017–89239-C2–2-P and D2018–102679-T; Xunta de Galicia. Funding for open access charge: Universidade da Coruña/CISU

Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta de fabricación comercialización de vino de rosa de Jamaica Marrojo en la ciudad de Managua.

Presenta estudio de prefactibilidad en el cual se recopila la información requerida para el análisis de costo de producción, administrativos, gerenciales y técnicos para la instalación de la planta procesadora de vino en la ciudad de Managua ubicada del MARENA 900 mts. Al este carretera Panamericana norte. En este proyecto se determina la posibilidad de apertura de una empresa procesadora de Rosa de Jamaica para la obtención de vinos a través de la fermentación

Bathymetry time series using high spatial resolution satellite images

The use of the new generation of remote sensors, such as echo sounders and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers with di erential correction installed in a drone, allows the acquisition of high-precision data in areas of shallow water, as in the case of the channel of the Encañizadas in the Mar Menor lagoon. This high precision information is the first step to develop the methodology to monitor the bathymetry of the Mar Menor channels. The use of high spatial resolution satellite images is the solution for monitoring many hydrological changes and it is the basis of the three-dimensional (3D) numerical models used to study transport over time, environmental variability, and water ecosystem complexity

Monitoring coastal lagoon water quality through remote sensing: The Mar Menor as a Case study

The Mar Menor is a hypersaline coastal lagoon located in the southeast of Spain. This fragile ecosystem is suffering several human pressures, such as nutrient and sediment inputs from agriculture and other activities and decreases in salinity. Therefore, the development of an operational system to monitor its evolution is crucial to know the cause-effect relationships and preserve the natural system. The evolution and variability of the turbidity and chlorophyll-a levels in the Mar Menor water body were studied here through the joint use of remote sensing techniques and in situ data. The research was undertaken using Operational Land Imager (OLI) images on Landsat 8 and two SPOT images, because cloudy weather prevented the use of OLI images alone. This provided the information needed to perform a time series analysis of the lagoon. We also analyzed the processes that occur in the salt lagoon, characterizing the different spatio-temporal patterns of biophysical parameters. Special attention was given to the role of turbidity and chlorophyll-a levels in the Mar Menor ecosystem with regard to the programs of integral management of this natural space that receives maximum environmental protection. The objective of the work has been fulfilled by answering the questions of the managers: when did the water quality in the Mar Menor begin to change? What is happening in the lagoon? Is remote sensing useful for monitoring the water quality in the Mar Menor? The answers to these questions have allowed the generation of a methodology and monitoring system to track the water quality in the Mar Menor in real-time and space. The tracking system using satellite images is open to the incorporation of images provided by new multispectral sensors.This research was co-funded (80%) by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through grant number FEDER 14-20-15

Formation of stimuli-responsive cyclophanes by self-assembly: the case of carbazole-based biradicals

Dynamic covalent bonds has recently received lot of attention because of their unique feature to become reversible under mild conditions.[1] In this context, π-conjugated biradical compounds has emerged as essential building blocks.[2] For instance, we have demonstrated that 2,7-dicyanomethylene-9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole biradical reversibly converts to a macrocycle cyclophane upon soft stimuli (temperature, pressure, light), showing strong chromic effects.[3] We now extent this study towards longer conjugated carbazole backbone (i.e., indolocarbazole shown in Figure 1), aiming at investigating how the elongation of the conjugated backbone impacts on the formation of stimuli-responsive cyclophanes. The self-assembly process is investigated both in solution and solid state by linking theory and experiments.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech