Harvest Rules When Price Depends On Quantity: The Case of Norwegian Spring Spawning Herring (Clupea harengus L.)

For fish stocks where the unit price of harvest is constant and unit harvest costs are independent of quantity and non-increasing in biomass, regulation based on target escapement (TE) has been shown to optimise the net present value (NPV) of harvest to society. This result has also been shown to hold for fish stocks characterised by stochastic recruitment, whereas a more asymptotic approach has been advocated if price depends on quantity. In this paper, these theoretical results are empirically investigated. Our case is the Norwegian spring spawning herring fishery, a stock with stochastic recruitment and price decreasing in harvest. For this fishery, the theoretical results are verified in that TE can no longer claim optimality. At constant prices, TE is found to outperform a more gradual approach, but this comes at a cost of a lower expected spawning stock at the end of the period investigated.fisheries management, harvest rules, target escapement, herring, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q22, Q28,

The use of Medium-Term Forecasts in advice and management decisions for the stock of Norwegian spring spawning herring (Clupea harengus L.)

Medium-term simulations on the stock development of Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus L.) have been carried out since 1994 by the ICES «Atlanto-Scandian Herring and Capelin Working Group», in 1996 renamed «Northern Pelagic and Blue Whiting Fisheries Working Group. The results of the simulations have been used as a basis for advice on harvest control rules for Norwegian spring spawning herring. The present paper reviews developments of medium-term simulations carried out on this stock and results from mediumterm forecasts carried out in 1995 and 1999 are used as examples. Emphasis is put on the usefulness of the medium-term simulations in the process towards reaching an agreement on a harvest control rule in 1999

Exome sequencing of contralateral breast cancer identifies metastatic disease

Women with contralateral breast cancer (CBC) have significantly worse prognosis compared to women with unilateral cancer. A possible explanation of the poor prognosis of patients with CBC is that in a subset of patients, the second cancer is not a new primary tumor but a metastasis of the first cancer that has potentially obtained aggressive characteristics through selection of treatment. Exome and whole-genome sequencing of solid tumors has previously been used to investigate the clonal relationship between primary tumors and metastases in several diseases. In order to assess the relationship between the first and the second cancer, we performed exome sequencing to identify somatic mutations in both first and second cancers, and compared paired normal tissue of 25 patients with metachronous CBC. For three patients, we identified shared somatic mutations indicating a common clonal origin thereby demonstrating that the second tumor is a metastasis of the first cancer, rather than a new primary cancer. Accordingly, these patients all developed distant metastasis within 3 years of the second diagnosis, compared with 7 out of 22 patients with non-shared somatic profiles. Genomic profiling of both tumors help the clinicians distinguish between true CBCs and subsequent metastasesVetenskapsrådetForteAccepte

Omlegging av konsumprisindeksen gir økt målt prisvekst i 2000

Økonomiske analyser er tilgjengelige via www.ssb.noDenne artikkelen analyserer virkninger av omleggingene som ble foretatt i konsumprisindeksen i august 1999 og i januar 2000. Beregninger viser at vekstratene til konsumprisindeksen spesielt har blitt påvirket av omleggingen til ny metode for beregning av selveiernes bokostnader og hyppigere innarbeiding av husleieendringer. Totalt sett vil denne omleggingen trolig bidra til at årsveksten for konsumprisindeksen blir 0,2 prosentpoeng høyere i 2000, enn hvis det ikke var foretatt noen endring. Innføring av ny formel for beregning av mikroindekser synes ikke å ha påvirket totalindeksen

In silico approach to predict pancreatic β-cells classically secreted proteins

Pancreatic β-cells, residents of the islets of Langerhans, are the unique insulin-producers in the body. Their physiology is a topic of intensive studies aiming to understand the biology of insulin production and its role in diabetes pathology. However, investigations about these cells' subset of secreted proteins, the secretome, are surprisingly scarce and a list describing islet/β-cell secretome upon glucose-stimulation is not yet available. In silico predictions of secretomes are an interesting approach that can be employed to forecast proteins likely to be secreted. In this context, using the rationale behind classical secretion of proteins through the secretory pathway, a Python tool capable of predicting classically secreted proteins was developed. This tool was applied to different available proteomic data (human and rodent islets, isolated β-cells, β-cell secretory granules, and β-cells supernatant), filtering them in order to selectively list only classically secreted proteins. The method presented here can retrieve, organize, search and filter proteomic lists using UniProtKB as a central database. It provides analysis by overlaying different sets of information, filtering out potential contaminants and clustering the identified proteins into functional groups. A range of 70-92% of the original proteomes analyzed was reduced generating predicted secretomes. Islet and β-cell signal peptide-containing proteins, and endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteins were identified and quantified. From the predicted secretomes, exemplary conservational patterns were inferred, as well as the signaling pathways enriched within them. Such a technique proves to be an effective approach to reduce the horizon of plausible targets for drug development or biomarkers identification