Clasificación y resolución de conflictos entre aspectos

En este trabajo se introduce la problemática de conflictos entre aspectos circunscripta al paradigma de programación orientada a aspectos. En base a una taxonomía para la resolución de conflictos se analizan brevemente algunas lenguajes orientados a aspectos. El análisis nos permite establecer algunos requisitos para diseñar e implementar herramientas mas abarcativas y seguras para el desarrollo de aplicaciones bajo este enfoque, en lo que respecta al manejo de conflictos entre aspectos.Eje: Programacion, LenguajesRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Clasificación y resolución de conflictos entre aspectos

En este trabajo se introduce la problemática de conflictos entre aspectos circunscripta al paradigma de programación orientada a aspectos. En base a una taxonomía para la resolución de conflictos se analizan brevemente algunas lenguajes orientados a aspectos. El análisis nos permite establecer algunos requisitos para diseñar e implementar herramientas mas abarcativas y seguras para el desarrollo de aplicaciones bajo este enfoque, en lo que respecta al manejo de conflictos entre aspectos.Eje: Programacion, LenguajesRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Life satisfaction, positive affect, depression and anxiety symptoms, and their relationship with sociodemographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables in a general elderly population sample from Chile

BackgroundThis study aims to describe the relationship between life satisfaction, positive affect, depression and anxiety symptoms with sociodemographic, psychosocial and clinical variables, and to identify the relative importance of these predictor groups.MethodsWe evaluated life satisfaction (SWLS), positive affect (PANAS), depressive (PHQ-9), and anxiety (GAI) symptoms and their association with sociodemographic, psychosocial and clinical variables in a multistage, random general population sample of fully functioning individuals aged 60–80 years from the Concepción province and Gran Santiago, Chile (n = 396). We performed weighted multiple regression analysis, considering the complex sample structure with age group, sex, and geographical area, complemented with general and conditional dominance analyses to estimate the relevance of the predictor groups.ResultsWe found significant associations with the geographical area, sex, age, education level, household members, having a partner, employment status, caregiver status, economic satisfaction, presence of chronic diseases, medication use, and alcohol use. Satisfaction with health was the most important predictor for positive affect (p < 0.001), depressive (p < 0.001), and anxiety (p < 0.001) symptoms, while alcohol use was the most significant predictor for life satisfaction (p < 0.001).ConclusionSimultaneously studying the positive and negative dimensions of wellbeing and mental health in older adults allows for a more comprehensive perspective on the challenges faced during this stage of life. This study accounts for previously unknown associations and contributes to the identification of common and specific predictors in both dimensions

Modelo explicativo de deficiência em população com transtornos mentais graves atendida em uma instituição especializada da cidade de Cali (Colômbia)

Introducción: en Colombia, según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental realizada en 2015, la prevalencia de vida de depresión mayor, trastorno afectivo bipolar y esquizofrenia es del 9,1 %, 1,3 % y 1 %, respectivamente. Estos trastornos mentales graves se caracterizan por ser asumidos desde una postura nosográfica que no incorpora la interacción entre el contexto y la persona. La discapacidad es una dimensión de los trastornos mentales graves, y requiere ser investigada desde herramientas como la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud. Conocer su frecuencia y los factores personales y ambientales que la explican puede facilitar la implementación de estrategias para mejorar la calidad de vida de esta población. Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio exploratorio, observacional, de corte transversal, para determinar la prevalencia y describir el aporte de variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y psicosociales en un modelo explicativo de discapacidad en personas con trastornos mentales graves que asisten a servicios de salud mental y psiquiatría de una institución especializada de Cali (Colombia). Resultados: el 65,9 % de la muestra presenta algún grado de discapacidad; el 46,2 %, discapacidad moderada; el 19,4 %, discapacidad severa; y el 0,4 %, discapacidad extrema. El modelo explicativo incluye el aporte de variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y psicosociales. Conclusión: este estudio demuestra que la frecuencia de discapacidad en la población con TMG es recurrente, y al parecer poco estudiada, vinculando el desempeño desde cada dominio que hace parte de la vida diaria. Los resultados de la investigación permiten identificar el aporte de factores personales y ambientales en la discapacidad experimentada por esta población en Cali.Introduction: In Colombia, according to the National Mental Health Survey conducted in 2015, the lifetime prevalence of major depression, bipolar affective disorder, and schizophrenia is 9.1 %, 1.3 %, and 1 %, respectively. These severe mental disorders (SMD) are characterized by being assumed from a nosographic stance that does not incorporate the interaction between the context and the person. Disability is a dimension of severe mental disorders, and it needs to be investigated using tools such as the International Classification of the Functioning of Disability and Health. Knowing their frequency and personal and environmental factors that explain them can facilitate the implementation of strategies to improve the quality of life of this population. Materials and methods: An exploratory, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and to describe the contribution of socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables in an explanatory model of disability in people with severe mental disorders, attended in the mental health and psychiatry services of a specialized institution in Cali, Colombia. Results: From the sample, 65.9 % showed some degree of disability; 46.2 %, moderate disability; 19.4%, severe disability, and 0.4 %, extreme disability. The explanatory model includes the contribution of socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables. Conclusion: This study shows that the frequency of disability in the population with SMD is recurrent, and little studied linking performance from each domain that is part of daily life. The results of the investigation allow identifying the contribution of personal and environmental factors in the disability experienced by this population in Cali.Introdução: na Colômbia, segundo o Inquérito Nacional de Saúde Mental realizado em 2015, a prevalência de vida de depressão maior, transtorno afetivo bipolar e esquizofrenia são de 9,1 %, 1,3 %, e 1 %, respetivamente. Estes transtornos mentais graves se caracterizam por serem assumidos desde uma postura nosográfica que não incorpora a interação entre o contexto e a pessoa. A deficiência é uma dimensão dos transtornos mentais graves, e requere ser pesquisada desde ferramentas como a Classificação Internacional do Funcionamento da Deficiência e da Saúde. Conhecer sua frequência e os fatores pessoais e ambientais que a explicam, pode facilitar a implementação de estratégias para melhorar a qualidade de vida desta população. Materiais e métodos: se realizou um estudo exploratório, observacional, de corte transversal, para determinar a prevalência e descrever o aporte de variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e psicossociais em um modelo explicativo de deficiência em pessoas com transtornos mentais graves que assistem a serviços de Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria de uma instituição especializada de Cali, Colômbia. Resultados: o 65,9 % da amostra apresenta algum grau de deficiência. O 46,2 % deficiência moderada, o 19,4 % deficiência severa, e o 0,4 % deficiência extrema. O modelo explicativo inclui o aporte de variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e psicossociais. Conclusão: este estudo demostra que a frequência de deficiência na população com tmg é recorrente, e aparentemente pouco estudada, vinculando o desempenho desde cada domínio que faz parte da vida diária. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem identificar o aporte de fatores pessoais e ambientais na deficiência experimentada por esta população em Cali

Effectiveness of a Positive Parental Practices Training Program for Chilean Preschoolers’ Families: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Evidence for the effectiveness of parental training as a strategy for promotion of positive parental practices and prevention of child behavior problems in low and middle income countries is not conclusive. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a universal positive parental training program designed for this context, “Día a Día” UdeC © (“Day by Day” University of Concepción), in Chilean preschoolers’ families (3–6 years old children).Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) was carried out in 19 preschool education centers. There were two treatment arms: 10 centers (including 178 families) were randomly assigned to the intervention group and nine centers (including 154 families) were assigned to the waiting list control condition. Intervention groups received Day by Day UdeC, a six group sessions program for parents, including two group sessions for preschool educators, focused in affective communication; daily and child-directed play; directed attention; routines and transitions; reinforcement and incentive programs; planned inattention-ignore and time out; and logical consequences. Parental practices, parental satisfaction, and presence of children behavioral problems were examined at two-time points: T1 (4 weeks before intervention) and T2 (5–6 weeks after intervention).Results: Intention-to-treat analysis shows a reduction in physical punishment and an increase in parental involvement, as well as a reduction in children behavioral problems. A per-protocol analysis revealed an additional effect: increase in observed parental practices.Conclusion: This cRCT provided evidence for the effectiveness of a parental training program for the promotion of positive parental practices in low and middle income countries. The observed effects of the program in decreasing physical punishment and children’s behavioral problems make it a promising strategy for prevention purposes.Trial Registration: This study was registered under ISRCTN.com (ISRCTN90762146; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN90762146)

Effectiveness of a positive parental practices training program for Chilean preschoolers' families: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Evidence for the effectiveness of parental training as a strategy for promotion of positive parental practices and prevention of child behavior problems in low and middle income countries is not conclusive. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a universal positive parental training program designed for this context, "Día a Día" UdeC © ("Day by Day" University of Concepción), in Chilean preschoolers' families (3-6 years old children). Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) was carried out in 19 preschool education centers. There were two treatment arms: 10 centers (including 178 families) were randomly assigned to the intervention group and nine centers (including 154 families) were assigned to the waiting list control condition. Intervention groups received Day by Day UdeC, a six group sessions program for parents, including two group sessions for preschool educators, focused in affective communication; daily and child-directed play; directed attention; routines and transitions; reinforcement and incentive programs; planned inattention-ignore and time out; and logical consequences. Parental practices, parental satisfaction, and presence of children behavioral problems were examined at two-time points: T1 (4 weeks before intervention) and T2 (5-6 weeks after intervention). Results: Intention-to-treat analysis shows a reduction in physical punishment and an increase in parental involvement, as well as a reduction in children behavioral problems. A per-protocol analysis revealed an additional effect: increase in observed parental practices. Conclusion: This cRCT provided evidence for the effectiveness of a parental training program for the promotion of positive parental practices in low and middle income countries. The observed effects of the program in decreasing physical punishment and children's behavioral problems make it a promising strategy for prevention purposes

The Maristán stigma scale: a standardized international measure of the stigma of schizophrenia and other psychoses

Background: People with schizophrenia face prejudice and discrimination from a number of sources including professionals and families. The degree of stigma perceived and experienced varies across cultures and communities. We aimed to develop a cross-cultural measure of the stigma perceived by people with schizophrenia.Method: Items for the scale were developed from qualitative group interviews with people with schizophrenia in six countries. The scale was then applied in face-to-face interviews with 164 participants, 103 of which were repeated after 30 days. Principal Axis Factoring and Promax rotation evaluated the structure of the scale; Horn’s parallel combined with bootstrapping determined the number of factors; and intra-class correlation assessed test-retest reliability.Results: The final scale has 31 items and four factors: informal social networks, socio-institutional, health professionals and self-stigma. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.84 for the Factor 1; 0.81 for Factor 2; 0.74 for Factor 3, and 0.75 for Factor 4. Correlation matrix among factors revealed that most were in the moderate range [0.31-0.49], with the strongest occurring between perception of stigma in the informal network and self-stigma and there was also a weaker correlation between stigma from health professionals and self-stigma. Test-retest reliability was highest for informal networks [ICC 0.76 [0.67 -0.83]] and self-stigma [ICC 0.74 [0.64-0.81]]. There were no significant differences in the scoring due to sex or age. Service users in Argentina had the highest scores in almost all dimensions.Conclusions: The MARISTAN stigma scale is a reliable measure of the stigma of schizophrenia and related psychoses across several cultures. A confirmatory factor analysis is needed to assess the stability of its factor structure.We are also grateful for support from the Pan-American Health Office (PAHO), Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust and University College London (UCL)

Enfermedades crónicas

Adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y relación con el control metabólico en pacientes con DM2Aluminio en pacientes con terapia de reemplazo renal crónico con hemodiálisis en Bogotá, ColombiaAmputación de extremidades inferiores: ¿están aumentando las tasas?Consumo de edulcorantes artificiales en jóvenes universitariosCómo crecen niños normales de 2 años que son sobrepeso a los 7 añosDiagnóstico con enfoque territorial de salud cardiovascular en la Región MetropolitanaEfecto a corto plazo de una intervención con ejercicio físico, en niños con sobrepesoEfectos de la cirugía bariátrica en pacientes con síndrome metabólico e IMC < 35 KG/M2Encuesta mundial de tabaquismo en estudiantes de profesiones de saludEnfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: Consecuencias sociales-sanitarias de comunidades rurales en ChileEpidemiología de las muertes hospitalarias por patologías relacionadas a muerte encefálica, Chile 2003-2007Estado nutricional y conductas alimentarias en adolescentes de 4º medio de la Región de CoquimboEstudio de calidad de vida en una muestra del plan piloto para hepatitis CEvaluación del proceso asistencial y de resultados de salud del GES de diabetes mellitus 2Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en población universitaria de la Facsal, universidad de TarapacáImplicancias psicosociales en la génesis, evolución y tratamiento de pacientes con hipertensión arterial esencialInfarto agudo al miocardio (IAM): Realidad en el Hospital de Puerto Natales, 2009-2010Introducción de nuevas TIC y mejoría de la asistencia a un programa de saludNiños obesos atendidos en el Cesfam de Puerto Natales y su entorno familiarPerfil de la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en Río de JaneiroPerfil del paciente primo-consultante del Programa de Salud Cardiovascular, Consultorio Cordillera Andina, Los AndesPrevalencia de automedicación en mujeres beneficiarias del Hospital Comunitario de Til-TiPrevalencia de caries en población preescolar y su relación con malnutrición por excesoPrevalencia de retinopatía diabética en comunas dependientes del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente (SSMOC)Problemas de adherencia farmacológica antihipertensiva en población mapuche: Un estudio cualitativoRol biológico de los antioxidantes innatos en pacientes portadores de VIH/SidaSobrepeso en empleados de un restaurante de una universidad pública del estado de São Paul

LSHS-E comparison between online and paper application

We explored the psychometric equivalence between the online and the paper versions of the LSHS-E in a Chilean populatio

Modelo explicativo de deficiência em população com transtornos mentais graves atendida em uma instituição especializada da cidade de Cali (Colômbia)

Introducción: en Colombia, según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental realizada en 2015, la prevalencia de vida de depresión mayor, trastorno afectivo bipolar y esquizofrenia es del 9,1 %, 1,3 % y 1 %, respectivamente. Estos trastornos mentales graves se caracterizan por ser asumidos desde una postura nosográfica que no incorpora la interacción entre el contexto y la persona. La discapacidad es una dimensión de los trastornos mentales graves, y requiere ser investigada desde herramientas como la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud. Conocer su frecuencia y los factores personales y ambientales que la explican puede facilitar la implementación de estrategias para mejorar la calidad de vida de esta población. Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio exploratorio, observacional, de corte transversal, para determinar la prevalencia y describir el aporte de variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y psicosociales en un modelo explicativo de discapacidad en personas con trastornos mentales graves que asisten a servicios de salud mental y psiquiatría de una institución especializada de Cali (Colombia). Resultados: el 65,9 % de la muestra presenta algún grado de discapacidad; el 46,2 %, discapacidad moderada; el 19,4 %, discapacidad severa; y el 0,4 %, discapacidad extrema. El modelo explicativo incluye el aporte de variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y psicosociales. Conclusión: este estudio demuestra que la frecuencia de discapacidad en la población con TMG es recurrente, y al parecer poco estudiada, vinculando el desempeño desde cada dominio que hace parte de la vida diaria. Los resultados de la investigación permiten identificar el aporte de factores personales y ambientales en la discapacidad experimentada por esta población en Cali.Introduction: In Colombia, according to the National Mental Health Survey conducted in 2015, the lifetime prevalence of major depression, bipolar affective disorder, and schizophrenia is 9.1 %, 1.3 %, and 1 %, respectively. These severe mental disorders (SMD) are characterized by being assumed from a nosographic stance that does not incorporate the interaction between the context and the person. Disability is a dimension of severe mental disorders, and it needs to be investigated using tools such as the International Classification of the Functioning of Disability and Health. Knowing their frequency and personal and environmental factors that explain them can facilitate the implementation of strategies to improve the quality of life of this population. Materials and methods: An exploratory, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and to describe the contribution of socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables in an explanatory model of disability in people with severe mental disorders, attended in the mental health and psychiatry services of a specialized institution in Cali, Colombia. Results: From the sample, 65.9 % showed some degree of disability; 46.2 %, moderate disability; 19.4%, severe disability, and 0.4 %, extreme disability. The explanatory model includes the contribution of socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables. Conclusion: This study shows that the frequency of disability in the population with SMD is recurrent, and little studied linking performance from each domain that is part of daily life. The results of the investigation allow identifying the contribution of personal and environmental factors in the disability experienced by this population in Cali