Recommendation of RILEM TC 212-ACD: acousticemission and related NDE techniques for crack detectionand damage evaluation in concrete. Measurement method for acoustic emission signals in concrete

The text presented hereafter is a draft for general consideration

Recommendation of RILEM TC 212-ACD: acousticemission and related NDE techniques for crack detectionand damage evaluation in concrete.Test method for damage qualification of reinforced concrete beams by acousticemission

The text presented hereafter is a draft for general consideration

Marine climate and fisheries scenario of Kerala Climcard-3

Marine climate and fisheries scenario of Kerala Climcard-

Electrochemical system design for CO2 conversion: A comprehensive review

This paper reviews the electrochemical reduction of CO2 and the design of CO2 electrolyzer cells using advanced materials and novel configurations to improve efficiency and reduce costs. It examines various system types based on geometry and components, analyzing key performance parameters to offer valuable insights into effective and selective CO2 conversion. Techno-economic analysis is employed to assess the commercial viability of electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) products. Additionally, the paper discusses the design of eCO2R reactors, addressing challenges, benefits, and developments associated with reactant supply in liquid and gas phases. It also explores knowledge gaps and areas for improvement to facilitate the development of more efficient eCO2R systems. To compete with gas-fed electrolyzers, the paper presents various approaches to enhance the performance of liquid-fed electrolyzers, leveraging their operation simplicity, scalability, low costs, high selectivity, and reasonable energy requirements. Furthermore, recent reports summarizing the performance parameters of reliable and effective electrocatalysts under ideal operating conditions, in conjunction with different electrolyzer configurations, are highlighted. This overview provides insights into the current state of the field and suggests future research directions for producing valuable chemicals with high energy efficiency (low overpotential). Ultimately, this review equips readers with fundamental knowledge and understanding necessary to improve and optimize eCO2R beyond lab-scale applications, fostering advancements in the promising field.This publication was made possible by the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation) under NPRP grant ( NPRP13S-0202-200228 ). H.P. is grateful to the National Research Foundation of Korea ( RS-2023-00254645 , 2018R1A6A1A03024962 , and 2021K1A4A7A02102598 ) and the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (Alchemist Project 20018904 , NTIS-1415180111 ) through the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy, Korea.Scopu

കേരളത്തിലെ കടൽ കാലാവസ്ഥയുടെയും മത്സ്യബന്ധന മേഖലയുടെയും സംക്ഷിപ്തരൂപം Climcard-3

കേരളത്തിലെ കടൽ കാലാവസ്ഥയുടെയും മത്സ്യബന്ധന മേഖലയുടെയും സംക്ഷിപ്തരൂപ

Giant devil manta rays landed by purse seiner at Cochin fisheries harbour

Two specimens of giant devil ray, Manta birostris locally known as ‘Aanathirandi’ measuring 307 and 194.5 cm in TL, 534 and 416 cm in disc width and weighing about 780 and 570 kg respectively were landed at Cochin fisheries harbour on 19.05.14 and 20.05.1

Plasmonic Catalysis for Energy Conversion-An Overview and Recent Trends

Scientists are encouraged to produce clean and sustainable energies now that they are aware of the expiration of non-renewable fuels and their adverse impact on the ecology. In view of this, plasmonic catalysis opens a new strategy for converting solar light to chemical energy by accelerating or inducing chemical transformations and has now emerged as a hot area of research. The size, morphology, and structure of the plasmonic metals and nanostructures have a vital role in controlling and optimizing the catalytic activity and determining their spectral response range. Plasmonic catalysts surpass their conventional counterparts, both in performances and the selectivity of the chemical action. This review mainly focuses on the fundamental concepts of plasmon-assisted catalysis, insights on mechanisms, various plasmonic catalysis systems, advancements in the field, a general assessment, and the state-of-the-art plasmonic catalysis utilizing visible light and significant applications to energy-conversion systems. A brief discussion of major challenges and strategies for addressing limitations and future perspectives and opportunities in the area of plasmonic catalysis are also included.This work was carried by the NPRP Grant # NPRP11S-1221-170116 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.Scopu

An Overview of Graphene-Based 2D/3D Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Applications

Photocatalytic processes induced by inexhaustible solar energy have fascinated significant research to solve issues like energy crisis and environmental pollution since they possess several merits, like renewable energy sources, safety and low operating cost. Photocatalysis is also considered as one of the environment-friendly sustainable methods for the degradation of organic contaminants. The conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuel with low energy via photocatalytic reduction is another application of this field that can realize the efficient conversion and storage of solar energy to chemical energy and the recycling of carbon in practical applications. Furthermore, this clean technique is commonly employed in water treatment, bacteria disinfection, and selective organic compound synthesis. The graphene-based two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures can solve many issues of using conventional photocatalysts; due to their versatile properties, including peculiar morphology, surface area, stability, optical adsorption, electrical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties. The main highlight for the graphene-based structures is the synergism between the adsorption and photocatalytic activity in removing organic pollutants. This review mainly presents an overview of the processes/mechanisms and evolution strategies for developing graphene-based 2D/3D nanostructured systems. Various applications of graphene-based heterostructured photocatalysts were also detailed. The ongoing challenges and significant state-of-the-art advances on graphene-based systems are also discussed in this review.Funding was provided by Qatar Foundation (NPRP Grant # NPRP11S-1221-170116).Scopu

Deep Learning Techniques for Quantification of Tumour Necrosis in Post-neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Osteosarcoma Resection Specimens for Effective Treatment Planning

Osteosarcoma is a high-grade malignant bone tumour for which neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a vital component of the treatment plan. Chemotherapy brings about the death of tumour tissues, and the rate of their death is an essential factor in deciding on further treatment. The necrosis quantification is now done manually by visualizing tissue sections through the microscope. This is a crude method that can cause significant inter-observer bias. The suggested system is an AI-based therapeutic decision-making tool that can automatically calculate the quantity of such dead tissue present in a tissue specimen. We employ U-Net++ and DeepLabv3+, pre-trained deep learning algorithms for the segmentation purpose. ResNet50 and ResNet101 are used as encoder parts of U-Net++ and DeepLabv3+, respectively. Also, we synthesize a dataset of 555 patches from 37 images captured and manually annotated by experienced pathologists. Dice loss and Intersection over Union (IoU) are used as the performance metrics. The training and testing IoU of U-Net++ are 91.78% and 82.64%, and its loss is 4.4% and 17.77%, respectively. The IoU and loss of DeepLabv3+ are 91.09%, 81.50%, 4.77%, and 17.8%, respectively. The results show that both models perform almost similarly. With the help of this tool, necrosis segmentation can be done more accurately while requiring less work and time. The percentage of segmented regions can be used as the decision-making factor in the further treatment plans

Composition and vertical distribution of organic matter in Central Indian Ocean sediment cores

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the quality and quantity of organic matter (OM) using biochemical components (protein, carbohydrate and lipids) in the sediment cores collected from the Central Indian Ocean (CIOB) under the program Equatorial Indian Ocean Process Study Dynamics and Biogeochemistry (EIOPS). Total organic carbon (TOC) and biochemical parameters (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, Tannin and lignin) were determined in core I and core II, respectively. Total carbohydrates varied from 4.66 to 2557.32 mg/kg (average 459.31 mg/kg) and 142.23 to 821.56 mg/kg (average 380.01 mg/kg) in core I and II, respectively. In core I, PRT varied from 70.95 to 107.05 mg/kg, and the minimum and maximum content of CHO was 143.23 and 822.56 mg/kg. The maximum and minimum concentrations of BPC in core II were 786.32 and 381.07 at 0–10 cm depth, respectively, which corresponded to the concentrations of PRT, CHO, LPD, and Tannin. The results showed that PRT was statistically significant with the TOC and negatively correlated with the LPD and CHO, while LPD was highly significant with clay and silt grains. In most of the samples, the ratio of LPD to CHO ratio was > 1, which indicated higher productivity of benthic organisms inhabiting the CIOB