Marine climate and fisheries scenario of Kerala Climcard-

Benjamin, Liya

Kuriakose, Somy

Mathew, Dawn

Najmudeen, T M

Ninan, Roshen G

Rojith, G

Sajna, V H

Shyam, S Salim

Zacharia, P U

English

CMFRI Digital Repository

Marine climate and fisheries scenario of Kerala Climcard - 3  National Innovations in  Climate Resilient Agriculture Indian Council of Agricultural Research CENTRAL MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE www.cmfri.org.in Position 8°.17'.30" N -12°. 47'.40" N 74°.27'47" E -77°.37'.12" E Total Area 38,863 km² Notable Geographical Landmarks Arabian Sea to the west, Western Ghats to the east.  Important Ecosystems Mangroves, wetlands, mud banks  Life Cycle Assessment  As per the marine fisheries Census 2010, there are about 21,800 crafts operating along the coast of Kerala  4,700 are mechanised, 11,200 are motorised and 5,800 are non mechanised.  The harvest phase is the highest contributor to the carbon footprint.  Fuel consumption is the largest contributor to the overall carbon footprint, (90% of  total CO2 emissions).   Emission intensity is marginally higher along Kerala coast compared to southeast coast, with mechanised boats contributing 1.60 kg CO2 equivalents/kg of fish caught and motorised boats 0.48 kg CO2 equivalents/kg of fish caught.  Mechanized and motorized crafts deployed along the Kerala coast  Integrated District Level Adaptation and       Management (IDLAM)  IDLAM provides a framework  to assess the climate change vulnerability  status of resource users and develops adaptation and mitigation plans in order to combat the effects of climate change.   Of the 9 coastal districts of Kerala Allapuzha has the highest vulnerability,  followed by Kozhikode and Trivandrum.  Greater awareness of fisher folk on climate change  by involvement in disaster preparedness and planning process   Alternative avocations across different fishing villages need to be improved.  Vulnerability of 318 fisher households in Allapuzha district was assessed using PARS methodology.  According to fisher folk, fishery was the most impacted attribute due to climate change. Climate change significantly impacts vulnerable coastal areas.  Active gears (eg. trawlers) consume more fuel resulting in high emission. Fleet size of such gears should be reduced and replaced by passive gears (eg. gill netters).   Eliminating overcapacity and old fleets are other means for reducing emissions. Prepared by: P.U. Zacharia, T.M. Najmudeen, Shyam S. Salim, Somy Kuriakose V.H. Sajna, Roshen George Ninan, Dawn T. Mathew, Liya V. Benjamin, G. Rojith   For more information contact: The Director, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), P.O. Box 1603, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi 682018, India 4.135.011.700.441.12 0.960 .580.801.060.150123456MDTN MD DTN MDHL MPS OBR S OBGN MGN MDGL MDGN MRSCO2equivalents /Kg of fishAverage CO2 equivalents per kg of fish caught74.37 13.85 11.78 CMFRI - NICRA Pamphlet No. 7, August 2018 The marine climate The marine ecosystems The marine fishery Shift in spawning period of Sardinella longiceps Shift in spawning period of threadfin breams  In 2016, Kerala contributed 5.22 lakh tonnes of total marine fish production in India.  Decline in last three years was due to reduction in oil sardine catch during  2013-16 from 1.55 lakh tonnes to 43,492  tonnes, whereas in 2017 oil sardine catch increased to 1.27 lakh tonnes.  After 2012 the oil sardine catch decreased by 90% but in 2017 it increased to 81.9%. After 2011 Thread fin bream catch reduced to 44%. Changes in environmental conditions influence spatial  distribution of marine fishes and cause phenological changes and  changes in fish production.  Even a 1°C rise in temperature may significantly affect the distribution and phenology of fish.  Oil sardine shows an early onset of spawning period from June (1980-’00) to May (2005-’16). Coastal wetlands cover a total area of 1,60,590 ha in Kerala India will lose about 84% of coastal wetlands and 13% of saline wetlands with climate change       induced SLR of 1 m The loss of coastal wet-lands results in the release of 0.04 to 0.28 PgC annual-ly from organic deposits  Wetlands  Rich in biodiversity.  Anthropological activities: urbanization; land use changes; drainage to agricultural use; infrastructure development and pollution from domestic and industrial effluents are major causes of concern in Kerala  Mangroves provide protection to coastal areas during times of cyclonic storms. Their continual destruction mitigates their ability to provide this protection. Low Lying Coastal Areas  590 km long coastline  9 of 14 districts in Kerala are coastal.   The Fifth Assessment Report of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change predicted a sea level rise of 21-71 cm in the year 2070 due to thermal expansion of Oceans.  Studies of shoreline change rate reveal the 2nd highest rates of coastal erosion occur in Kerala (Mohanty et. al, 2012).  The average shoreline erosion characteristic of Kerala is 63.02%.  The coastal regions of Kerala are highly susceptible to gale force winds, storm surges, and torrential downpours.  Extreme weather events have been increasing in frequency and intensity with the effects of climate change. The Ockhi cyclone in 2017 is an example.  Annual average rainfall of 3,107 mm, which is highly dependent on the southwest monsoon.  Over a period of 50 years the annual average SST has shown a definite increasing trend (0.2°C), while chlorophyll has shown a decreasing trend.  Warming sea temperatures are likely to impact coastal habitats and resources.  Thread fin breams also shows a shift in peak spawning period from September–October (1969-99) to August (2000 onwards). 

Marine climate and fisheries scenario of Kerala Climcard-3

http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/14091/1/Climcard%203.pdf

Marine climate and fisheries scenario of Kerala Climcard-3

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