Serum thyroxin level during the first-trimester of pregnancy

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the requirement of serum thyroxin levels during the early stage of the first trimester of pregnancy. Methodology: Serum thyroxin levels of 120 apparently healthy women were evaluated in Gorgan in northern Iran during 2007-08 by the enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results: According to the reference intervals of our standard kit, 48% of the pregnant women in this study had elevated thyroxin levels. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be misleading, because it was based on the laboratory standard kit, women normal range, as general. Pregnant women require higher levels of thyroxin and therefore, a specific normal range for the first trimester of pregnancy should be established in each particular region

The prevalence of the elevation serum alanine amino transaminase at gorgan in Northern Iran

The elevation of serum alanine aminotranferase levels is associated most commonly with some forms of liver diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels and the possible liver damages in this region. This was a clinical laboratory based study. The data was obtained from the Danesh Medical Diagnostic Laboratory at Gorgan in northern Iran. The aminotransferase activity was measured by the pyridoxal -5-phsphate reaction. Values over 31 and 41 U/L were considered as indicative of elevated enzyme activity in females and males respectively. The findings of this study indicated that 16% of our population in general and of those who were aged 18-40 years in particular, had a form of liver disorder due to elevated enzyme, with a higher incidence among the female subjects, which seemed to be slightly higher than that reported by other studies earlier. The incidence was slightly higher among females. It seemed that high proportions of people (16%) in this region had an elevated serum enzyme activity of alanine amino-tranferase and according to well-documented reports, it might probably be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A comprehensive study is recommended to elaborate carefully the state of liver diseases in this region of Iran

Implementation of a new flux rotor based on model reference adaptive system for sensorless direct torque control modified for induction motor

Introduction. In order to realize an efficient speed control of induction motor, speed sensors, such as encoder, resolver or tachometer may be utilized. However, some problems appear such as, need of shaft extension, which decreases the mechanical robustness of the drive, reduce the reliability, and increase in cost. Purpose. In order to eliminate of speed sensors without losing. Several solutions to solve this problem have been suggested. Based on the motor fundamental excitation model, high frequency signal injection methods. The necessity of external hardware for signal injection and the adverse influence of injecting signal on the motor performance do not constitute an advantage for this technique. Fundamental model-based strategies method using instantaneous values of stator voltages and currents to estimate the rotor speed has been investigate. Several other methods have been proposed, such as model reference adaptive system, sliding mode observers, Luenberger observer and Kalman filter. The novelty of the proposed work consists in presenting a model reference adaptive system based speed estimator for sensorless direct torque control modified for induction motor drive. The model reference adaptive system is formed with flux rotor and the estimated stator current vector. Methods. The reference model utilizes measured current vector. On the other hand, the adjustable model uses the estimated stator current vector. The current is estimated through the solution of machine state equations. Practical value. The merits of the proposed estimator are demonstrated experimentally through a test-rig realized via the dSPACE DS1104 card in various operating conditions. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed speed estimation technique. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed speed estimation method at nominal speed regions and speed reversal, and good results with respect to measurement speed estimation errors obtained.Вступ. Щоб реалізувати ефективне керування швидкістю асинхронного двигуна, можна використовувати датчики швидкості, такі як енкодер, резольвер або тахометр. Однак виникають деякі проблеми, такі як необхідність подовження валу, що знижує механічну міцність приводу, знижує надійність та збільшує вартість. Мета. Для усунення датчиків швидкості без втрати. Було запропоновано кілька рішень на вирішення цієї проблеми. На основі моделі основного порушення двигуна використовуються методи подачі високочастотного сигналу. Необхідність зовнішнього обладнання для подачі сигналу та несприятливий вплив подачі сигналу на роботу двигуна не є перевагою цього методу. Досліджено метод стратегій на основі фундаментальних моделей з використанням миттєвих значень напруг та струмів статора для оцінки швидкості обертання ротора. Було запропоновано кілька інших методів, таких як еталонна адаптивна система моделі, спостерігачі режиму ковзання, спостерігач Люенбергера і фільтр Калмана. Новизна запропонованої роботи полягає у поданні модельної еталонної адаптивної системи оцінки швидкості прямого бездатчикового управління моментом, модифікованої для асинхронного електроприводу. Еталонна адаптивна система моделі формується з магнітним потоком ротора та оціненим вектором струму статора. Методи. Еталонна модель використовує вимірюваний вектор струму. З іншого боку, модель, що регулюється, використовує передбачуваний вектор струму статора. Струм оцінюється шляхом вирішення рівнянь стану машини. Практична цінність. Переваги запропонованого оцінювача продемонстровані експериментально на тестовій установці, реалізованій на платі dSPACE DS1104 у різних умовах експлуатації. Експериментальні результати свідчать про ефективність запропонованої методики оцінки швидкості. Експериментальні результати показують ефективність запропонованого методу оцінки швидкості в областях номінальних швидкостей та реверсивних швидкостей, а також хороші результати щодо отриманих похибок оцінки швидкості вимірювання

A study of the status of women in Islamic law and society with special reference to Pakistan.

LD:D50752/84 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Remote Sensing and Gravity interpretation ofNW Borneo: Integrated Basin Analysis on a GIS platform

Geographic Infonnation System (GIS) and remote sensing were applied and used to study the geological evolution of the sedimentary basin of NW Borneo. For this study, Landsat, SRTM, bathymetry and satellite derived gravity data were integrated, manipulated and visualized in a GIS platfonn by using the capabilities of the GIS software. The onshore region was studied by perfonning lineament interpretation using Landsat images and SRTM data, whereas in the offshore region bathymetry and gravity data were used to study the lithosphere of the region by gravity modelling. Lineament interpretation was done by using maps that were generated from the SRTM data (e.g. hillshade and contour maps) viewed concurrently with the Landsat images. Using the GIS tools, gravity and bathymetry data of offshore NW Borneo were extracted to study the lithosphere of this region. The area studied crosses the Dangerous Grounds, Sabah Trough and the Sabah Basin. The lineament trend was interpreted to be evolving !Tom W-E in southwestern Sarawak to NE-SW in the central region onto Sabah, and finally ending in anE-W trend at the northern tip of Sabah. This dynamic change in orientation, coupled with cross-cutting NW-SE lineaments, support the evidence ofmultiphase tectonic evolution that might result in the series of episodes of subduction and collisions during the geological history ofNW Borneo. For gravity interpretation, the principles of Airy isostasy were used together with the current tectonic model of NW Borneo to model the crust structure to agree. The resulting interpretation shows that the offshore region of NW Borneo is underlain by attenuated crust where the crust is thinnest beneath the Sabah Through. This thinned crust is buried underneath prograding sediments of the Sabah margin overlying accreationary prism fonned during subduction. The thin subducting crust is the remnant of the extended and attenuated continental rragment of Dangerous Grounds

ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE MAPPING BASED ON FIELD MEASUREMENTS IN LOCATION THAT DO NOT HAVE A STANDARDIZED MODEL IN ALGERIA

The present study addresses the issue of noise pollution in Algeria due to road traffic and the possible preventive means and solutions for its abatement, in order to maintain an adequate sound environment in urban areas, especially next to residential ones. The main objective of this study aims at establishing an initial noise map for the Champs de Manoeuvre residential estate in Guelma; a medium-size city of Algeria, by adopting a research methodology that involved applying a quantitative investigation through carrying out field measurements during the winter and the summer season, three times for one week, from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, using a sound level meter to measure and calculate the weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level LAeq for 10min, the statistical level L10, the maximum sound level Lmax, the Traffic noise index TNI and the Noise pollution level NPL. The results obtained from the measurement campaign showed the extent of the noise levels produced from road traffic in the vicinity of the residential buildings in the studied area, emitted mainly from passing vehicles, acceleration and the irrational usage of horns, which led to a LAeq level of 74 dB at the source, thus, exceeding the 70 and 55 dB thresholds set in both of the Algerian noise regulation and the World Health Organization noise guidelines. Subsequently, implementation of the noise mapping technic can help in visualizing the spatio-temporal distribution of noise, in identifying its main sources and black spots in urban areas and in drawing up primary action plans for fighting against this issue

Rehabilitation of concrete structure using composite materials

In the United Arab Emirates, most of the concrete structures including road, infrastructure and different types of buildings have been reported to be in need of rehabilitation. It is universally acknowledged that the environment of the countries in the Arabian Gulf is extremely severe and very aggressive to construction materials and operations. It is anticipated that the cost of rehabilitation of civil infrastructure will gradually increase over the next decade as a direct consequence of the increase in the number of structures reaching their expected service life. Accordingly demand on rehabilitation methods will increase. In addition the severe climatic conditions of the country will require additional features for this method such as excellent exposure to high temperature fluctuation, moisture and UV contents. The main reasons of reinforced concrete structure\u27s deterioration are corrosion of the steel bars (because of high temperature and humidity of the UAE environment) or continual upgrading of service loads (increase of the traffic load on bridges for example). The solution to these problems is to either re-build the structure or repair the concrete. One of the promising solutions to this problem is to use fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) as replacement for the old methods of repair. The advantages of FRP are lightweight, high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, flexibility and electromagnetic resistance. The object cue of this thesis to, investigate the use of FRP as a strengthening method of concrete structures and its long-term performance, especially in the severe climatic conditions prevailing in the Arab Gulf region

IMPLEMENTATION OF NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS IN REALIZING TRANSPARENCY, PARTICIPATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AT IAIN SHEIKH NURJATI CIREBON

This study aims to discuss the application of non-cash transactions to realize transparency, participation, and accountability in financial management at IAIN Sheikh Nurjati and what risks may be faced by Iain Sheikh Nurjati Cirebon in implementing this non-cash transaction policy. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The results showed that the implementation of non-cash transactions at IAIN Sheikh Nurjati Cirebon was implemented in 2020 by using the BRI Bank Cash Management System with the same disbursement procedure, only with a non-cash mechanism, namely direct payments ( LS) and stock money (UP) and without supplies ( TUP ). This study also found the risks posed by the application of non-cash transactions at IAIN Sheikh Nurjati, namely the influence of HR competence and the influence of information technology

Positive solutions for singular ϕ−\phi-Laplacian BVPs on the positive half-line

In this work, we are concerned with the existence of positive solutions for a $\phi$ Laplacian boundary value problem on the half-line. The results are proved using the fixed point index theory on cones of Banach spaces and the upper and lower solution technique. The nonlinearity may exhibit a singularity at the origin with respect to the solution. This singularity is treated by regularization and approximation together with compactness and sequential arguments