ANALISIS WEIGHTED MEAN CENTER LOKASI KANTOR DESA DI KECAMATAN AIKMAL BERBASIS WEBGIS STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN AIKMEL KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

Bangunan Fasilitas Umum ialah Bangunan sarana dan prasarana yang disediakan oleh pemerintah yang digunakan untuk kepentingan bersama dalam melaksanakan kegiatan sehari-hari. Bangunan ini dikhususkan untuk masyarakat agar dapat melakukan pelayanan sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat.Kebutuhan fasilitas umum sangat penting di daerah ini, dikarenakandaerah ini merupakan daerah perkotaan yang tidak lepas dari sumber daya air dari danau segara anak yang terdapat di kawah gunung rinjani. Pemerataan berkenaan fasilitas umum belum memadai sehingga peneliti bermaksud melakukan penelitian yang bersangkutan dengan bangunan fasilitas umum menggunakan metode Weighted Mean Center berbasis webgis, adapun tujuan penelitian meliputi: (1) Menganalisis sebaran bangunan Kantor Desa di kecamatan Aikmel Timur(2) Menentukan lokasi titik bangunan Kantor Desa dengan menggunakan Metode statistic Weighted Mean Center. observasi mencakup koordinat lokasi Kantor Desa yang tersebar di beberapa wilayah di Kecamatan Aikmel. Analysis Weighted Mean Center dapat melakukan deteksi lokasi titik Center Di area yang ingin dilakukan analisis tersebut. Perancangan Sistem yang digunakan ialah metode Waterfall yang meliputi Tahap Analisis, Tahap Desain, Tahap Implementasi danTesting,Tahap Pengujian Sistem, Tahap Pengoperasian dan Pemeliharaan.Kesimpulan yang di ambil dari penilitan ini adalah : (1) Sebaran Bangunan Kantor Desa terdapat 15 lokasi Titik Kantor Desa yang dapat ditemukan di berbagai daerah Di Kecamatan Aikmel Timur (2) Sistem Informasi Geografi yang dibangun menggunakan Contributor Leaflet yang bertumpang data foto udara dengan menggunakan Open Street Map,Google Earth dan Terrain. Sistem Informasi Geografis digunakan untuk Administrator, Masyarakat dan Pengguna Umum (3) Akurasi lokasi titik Bangunan Kantor Desa terdapat beberapa Varian Diantaranya sebaran Kantor Desa ada yang tidak mencangkup Buffer Jarak dari titik Point ke titik bangunan Kantor Desa yang ada di dalam Buffer adalah 900Meters/ 1.611,022462Meter

Tailoring ferromagnetic chalcopyrites

If magnetic semiconductors are ever to find wide application in real spintronic devices, their magnetic and electronic properties will require tailoring in much the same way that band gaps are engineered in conventional semiconductors. Unfortunately, no systematic understanding yet exists of how, or even whether, properties such as Curie temperatures and band gaps are related in magnetic semiconductors. Here we explore theoretically these and other relationships within 64 members of a single materials class, the Mn-doped II-IV-V2 chalcopyrites, three of which are already known experimentally to be ferromagnetic semiconductors. Our first-principles results reveal a variation of magnetic properties across different materials that cannot be explained by either of the two dominant models of ferromagnetism in semiconductors. Based on our results for structural, electronic, and magnetic properties, we identify a small number of new stable chalcopyrites with excellent prospects for ferromagnetism.Comment: 6 pages with 4 figures, plus 3 supplementary figures; to appear in Nature Material

Tunable magnetic exchange interactions in manganese-doped inverted core/shell ZnSe/CdSe nanocrystals

Magnetic doping of semiconductor nanostructures is actively pursued for applications in magnetic memory and spin-based electronics. Central to these efforts is a drive to control the interaction strength between carriers (electrons and holes) and the embedded magnetic atoms. In this respect, colloidal nanocrystal heterostructures provide great flexibility via growth-controlled `engineering' of electron and hole wavefunctions within individual nanocrystals. Here we demonstrate a widely tunable magnetic sp-d exchange interaction between electron-hole excitations (excitons) and paramagnetic manganese ions using `inverted' core-shell nanocrystals composed of Mn-doped ZnSe cores overcoated with undoped shells of narrower-gap CdSe. Magnetic circular dichroism studies reveal giant Zeeman spin splittings of the band-edge exciton that, surprisingly, are tunable in both magnitude and sign. Effective exciton g-factors are controllably tuned from -200 to +30 solely by increasing the CdSe shell thickness, demonstrating that strong quantum confinement and wavefunction engineering in heterostructured nanocrystal materials can be utilized to manipulate carrier-Mn wavefunction overlap and the sp-d exchange parameters themselves.Comment: To appear in Nature Materials; 18 pages, 4 figures + Supp. Inf

Controlling Curie temperature in (Ga,Ms)As through location of the Fermi level within the impurity band

The ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As has emerged as the most studied material for prototype applications in semiconductor spintronics. Because ferromagnetism in (Ga,Mn)As is hole-mediated, the nature of the hole states has direct and crucial bearing on its Curie temperature TC. It is vigorously debated, however, whether holes in (Ga,Mn)As reside in the valence band or in an impurity band. In this paper we combine results of channeling experiments, which measure the concentrations both of Mn ions and of holes relevant to the ferromagnetic order, with magnetization, transport, and magneto-optical data to address this issue. Taken together, these measurements provide strong evidence that it is the location of the Fermi level within the impurity band that determines TC through determining the degree of hole localization. This finding differs drastically from the often accepted view that TC is controlled by valence band holes, thus opening new avenues for achieving higher values of TC.Comment: 5 figures, supplementary material include

Synthesis of super bright indium phosphide colloidal quantum dots through thermal diffusion

Indium phosphide based quantum dots have emerged in recent years as alternatives to traditional heavy metal (cadmium, lead) based materials suitable for biomedical application due to their non-toxic nature. The major barrier to this application, is their low photoluminescent quantum yield in aqueous environments (typically < 5%). Here we present a synthetic method for InP/ZnS quantum dots, utilizing a controlled cooling step for equilibration of zinc sulfide across the core, resulting in a photoluminescent quantum yield as high as 85% in organic solvent and 57% in aqueous media. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported for indium phosphide quantum dots. DFT calculations reveal the enhancement in quantum yield is achieved by redistribution of zinc sulfide across the indium phosphide core through thermal diffusion. By eliminating the need for a glove box and relying on Schlenk line techniques, we introduce a widely accessible method for quantum dots with a realistic potential for improved biomedical applications

Coordinated optimization of visual cortical maps (I) Symmetry-based analysis

In the primary visual cortex of primates and carnivores, functional architecture can be characterized by maps of various stimulus features such as orientation preference (OP), ocular dominance (OD), and spatial frequency. It is a long-standing question in theoretical neuroscience whether the observed maps should be interpreted as optima of a specific energy functional that summarizes the design principles of cortical functional architecture. A rigorous evaluation of this optimization hypothesis is particularly demanded by recent evidence that the functional architecture of OP columns precisely follows species invariant quantitative laws. Because it would be desirable to infer the form of such an optimization principle from the biological data, the optimization approach to explain cortical functional architecture raises the following questions: i) What are the genuine ground states of candidate energy functionals and how can they be calculated with precision and rigor? ii) How do differences in candidate optimization principles impact on the predicted map structure and conversely what can be learned about an hypothetical underlying optimization principle from observations on map structure? iii) Is there a way to analyze the coordinated organization of cortical maps predicted by optimization principles in general? To answer these questions we developed a general dynamical systems approach to the combined optimization of visual cortical maps of OP and another scalar feature such as OD or spatial frequency preference.Comment: 90 pages, 16 figure

Scaling properties of protein family phylogenies

One of the classical questions in evolutionary biology is how evolutionary processes are coupled at the gene and species level. With this motivation, we compare the topological properties (mainly the depth scaling, as a characterization of balance) of a large set of protein phylogenies with a set of species phylogenies. The comparative analysis shows that both sets of phylogenies share remarkably similar scaling behavior, suggesting the universality of branching rules and of the evolutionary processes that drive biological diversification from gene to species level. In order to explain such generality, we propose a simple model which allows us to estimate the proportion of evolvability/robustness needed to approximate the scaling behavior observed in the phylogenies, highlighting the relevance of the robustness of a biological system (species or protein) in the scaling properties of the phylogenetic trees. Thus, the rules that govern the incapability of a biological system to diversify are equally relevant both at the gene and at the species level.Comment: Replaced with final published versio

Polyamine metabolism is involved in adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells

Polyamines spermidine and spermine are known to be required for mammalian cell proliferation and for embryonic development. Alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) a limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, depleted the cellular polyamines and prevented triglyceride accumulation and differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. In this study, to explore the function of polyamines in adipogenesis, we examined the effect of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 cells. The spermidine synthase inhibitor trans-4-methylcyclohexylamine (MCHA) increased spermine/spermidine ratios, whereas the spermine synthase inhibitor N-(3-aminopropyl)-cyclohexylamine (APCHA) decreased the ratios in the cells. MCHA was found to decrease lipid accumulation and GPDH activity during differentiation, while APCHA increased lipid accumulation and GPDH activity indicating the enhancement of differentiation. The polyamine-acetylating enzyme, spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) activity was increased within a few hours after stimulus for differentiation, and was found to be elevated by APCHA. In mature adipocytes APCHA decreased lipid accumulation while MCHA had the opposite effect. An acetylpolyamine oxidase and spermine oxidase inhibitor MDL72527 or an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine prevented the promoting effect of APCHA on adipogenesis. These results suggest that not only spermine/spermidine ratios but also polyamine catabolic enzyme activity may contribute to adipogenesis

Formation of unique nanocrystalline Cu-In-Se bulk pn homojunctions for opto-electronic devices

Semiconductor pn junctions, integrated in optoelectronic devices require high quality crystals, made by expensive, technically difficult processes. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structures offer practical alternatives to circumvent the cost, flexibility and scale-up challenges of crystalline planar pn junctions. Fabrication methods for the current organic or inorganic BHJ structures invariably create interface mismatch and low doping issues. To overcome such issues, we devised an innovative approach, founded on novel inorganic material system that ensued from single-step electrodeposited copper-indium-selenide compounds. Surface analytical microscopies and spectroscopies reveal unusual phenomena, electro-optical properties and quantum effects. They support the formation of highly-ordered, sharp, abrupt 3-dimensional nanoscale pn BHJs that facilitate efficient charge carrier separation and transport, and essentially perform the same functions as crystalline planar pn junctions. This approach offers a low-cost processing platform to create nanocrystalline films, with the attributes necessary for efficient BHJ operation. It allows roll-to-roll processing of flexible devices in simple thin-film form factor.Partial funding for this work is provided by customers of Xcel Energy through a grant from the Renewable Development Fund. The authors gratefully acknowledge sample preparation, analytical contributions and useful discussions with Sharmila Menezes and Yan Li (InterPhases Solar); Senli Guo (Brucker Nano); Terrence McGuckin (Ephemeron Labs); and Nassim Rahimi (HORIBA Scientific). A. Samantilleke acknowledges Prof. L. M. Peter (Bath University, UK) for introducing EER technique

Coordinated optimization of visual cortical maps (II) Numerical studies

It is an attractive hypothesis that the spatial structure of visual cortical architecture can be explained by the coordinated optimization of multiple visual cortical maps representing orientation preference (OP), ocular dominance (OD), spatial frequency, or direction preference. In part (I) of this study we defined a class of analytically tractable coordinated optimization models and solved representative examples in which a spatially complex organization of the orientation preference map is induced by inter-map interactions. We found that attractor solutions near symmetry breaking threshold predict a highly ordered map layout and require a substantial OD bias for OP pinwheel stabilization. Here we examine in numerical simulations whether such models exhibit biologically more realistic spatially irregular solutions at a finite distance from threshold and when transients towards attractor states are considered. We also examine whether model behavior qualitatively changes when the spatial periodicities of the two maps are detuned and when considering more than 2 feature dimensions. Our numerical results support the view that neither minimal energy states nor intermediate transient states of our coordinated optimization models successfully explain the spatially irregular architecture of the visual cortex. We discuss several alternative scenarios and additional factors that may improve the agreement between model solutions and biological observations.Comment: 55 pages, 11 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1102.335