30,330 research outputs found
Random Aharonov-Bohm vortices and some funny families of integrals
A review of the random magnetic impurity model, introduced in the context of
the integer Quantum Hall effect, is presented. It models an electron moving in
a plane and coupled to random Aharonov-Bohm vortices carrying a fraction of the
quantum of flux. Recent results on its perturbative expansion are given. In
particular, some funny families of integrals show up to be related to the
Riemann and .Comment: 10 page
A uniform metallicity in the outskirts of massive, nearby galaxy clusters
Suzaku measurements of a homogeneous metal distribution of Solar
in the outskirts of the nearby Perseus cluster suggest that chemical elements
were deposited and mixed into the intergalactic medium before clusters formed,
likely over 10 billion years ago. A key prediction of this early enrichment
scenario is that the intracluster medium in all massive clusters should be
uniformly enriched to a similar level. Here, we confirm this prediction by
determining the iron abundances in the outskirts () of a sample
of ten other nearby galaxy clusters observed with Suzaku for which robust
measurements based on the Fe-K lines can be made. Across our sample the iron
abundances are consistent with a constant value,
Solar ( for 25 degrees of freedom). This is remarkably similar to
the measurements for the Perseus cluster of Solar,
using the Solar abundance scale of Asplund et al. (2009).Comment: accepted for publication in MNRA
Witnessing the Growth of the Nearest Galaxy Cluster: Thermodynamics of the Virgo Cluster Outskirts
We present results from Suzaku Key Project observations of the Virgo Cluster,
the nearest galaxy cluster to us, mapping its X-ray properties along four long
`arms' extending beyond the virial radius. The entropy profiles along all four
azimuths increase with radius, then level out beyond , while the
average pressure at large radii exceeds Planck Sunyaev-Zel'dovich measurements.
These results can be explained by enhanced gas density fluctuations (clumping)
in the cluster's outskirts. Using a standard Navarro, Frenk and White (1997)
model, we estimate a virial mass, radius, and concentration parameter of
M, kpc, and , respectively. The inferred cumulative baryon fraction exceeds
the cosmic mean at along the major axis, suggesting enhanced
gas clumping possibly sourced by a candidate large-scale structure filament
along the north-south direction. The Suzaku data reveal a large-scale sloshing
pattern, with two new cold fronts detected at radii of 233 kpc and 280 kpc
along the western and southern arms, respectively. Two high-temperature regions
are also identified 1 Mpc towards the south and 605 kpc towards the west of
M87, likely representing shocks associated with the ongoing cluster growth.
Although systematic uncertainties in measuring the metallicity for low
temperature plasma remain, the data at large radii appear consistent with a
uniform metal distribution on scales of kpc and larger,
providing additional support for the early chemical enrichment scenario driven
by galactic winds at redshifts of 2-3.Comment: submitted to MNRA
On separability of quantum states and the violation of Bell-type inequalities
In contrast to the wide-spread opinion that any separable quantum state
satisfies every classical probabilistic constraint, we present a simple example
where a separable quantum state does not satisfy the original Bell inequality
although the latter inequality, in its perfect correlation form, is valid for
all joint classical measurements. In a very general setting, we discuss
inequalities for joint experiments upon a bipartite quantum system in a
separable state. We derive quantum analogues of the original Bell inequality
and specify the conditions sufficient for a separable state to satisfy the
original Bell inequality. We introduce the extended CHSH inequality and prove
that, for any separable quantum state, this inequality holds for a variety of
linear combinations.Comment: 13 pages, extended versio
Chemical Treatment Methods Pilot (CTMP) System for Treatment of Urban Runoff – Phase I. Feasibility and Design
(pdf contains 418 pages
The X-ray coronae of the two brightest galaxies in the Coma cluster
We use deep Chandra X-ray Observatory observations to examine the coronae of
the two brightest cluster galaxies in the Coma cluster of galaxies, NGC 4874
and NGC 4889. We find that NGC 4889 hosts a central depression in X-ray surface
brightness consistent with a cavity or pair of cavities of radius 0.6 kpc. If
the central cavity is associated with an AGN outburst and contains relativistic
material, its enthalpy should be around 5x10^55 erg. The implied heating power
of this cavity would be around an order of magnitude larger than the energy
lost by X-ray emission. It would be the smallest and youngest known cavity in a
brightest cluster galaxy and the lack of over pressuring implies heating is
still gentle. In contrast, NGC 4874 does not show any evidence for cavities,
although it hosts a well-known wide-angle-tail radio source which is visible
outside the region occupied by the X-ray corona. These two galaxies show that
AGN feedback can behave in varied ways in the same cluster environment.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted by MNRA
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