Estudio digital de las arterias coronarias

Objetivos: Estudiar la morfología de las arterias coronarias utilizando anatomía digital, para poner en evidencia las distintas variaciones y su implicancia clínico-quirúrgica.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Complemento de la anatomía digital a la enseñanza clásica

Objetivos: Investigar cual es el estado actual del uso de anatomía 3D, en los aspectos relacionados al proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Materiales y métodos: Mediante un formulario online se realizó una encuesta dirigida a docentes y estudiantes de ciencias de la salud.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Complemento de la anatomía digital a la enseñanza clásica

Objetivos: Investigar cual es el estado actual del uso de anatomía 3D, en los aspectos relacionados al proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Materiales y métodos: Mediante un formulario online se realizó una encuesta dirigida a docentes y estudiantes de ciencias de la salud.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Inoculations with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increase Vegetable Yields and Decrease Phoxim Concentrations in Carrot and Green Onion and Their Soils

Background As one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides in vegetable production, phoxim (C12H15N2O3PS) is often found as residues in crops and soils and thus poses a potential threat to public health and environment. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may make a contribution to the decrease of organophosphate residues in crops and/or the degradation in soils, but such effects remain unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings A greenhouse pot experiment studied the influence of AM fungi and phoxim application on the growth of carrot and green onion, and phoxim concentrations in the two vegetables and their soil media. Treatments included three AM fungal inoculations with Glomus intraradices BEG 141, G. mosseae BEG 167, and a nonmycorrhizal control, and four phoxim application rates (0, 200, 400, 800 mg l−1, while 400 mg l−1 rate is the recommended dose in the vegetable production system). Carrot and green onion were grown in a greenhouse for 130 d and 150 d. Phoxim solution (100 ml) was poured into each pot around the roots 14d before plant harvest. Results showed that mycorrhizal colonization was higher than 70%, and phoxim application inhibited AM colonization on carrot but not on green onion. Compared with the nonmycorrhizal controls, both shoot and root fresh weights of these two vegetables were significantly increased by AM inoculations irrespective of phoxim application rates. Phoxim concentrations in shoots, roots and soils were increased with the increase of phoxim application rate, but significantly decreased by the AM inoculations. Soil phosphatase activity was enhanced by both AM inocula, but not affected by phoxim application rate. In general, G. intraradices BEG 141 had more pronounced effects than G. mosseae BEG 167 on the increase of fresh weight production in both carrot and green onion, and the decrease of phoxim concentrations in plants and soils. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate a promising potential of AM fungi for enhancing vegetable production and reducing organophosphorus pesticide residues in plant tissues and their growth media, as well as for the phytoremediation of organophosphorus pesticide-contaminated soils

Nitrogen Deposition Reduces Plant Diversity and Alters Ecosystem Functioning: Field-Scale Evidence from a Nationwide Survey of UK Heathlands

Findings from nitrogen (N) manipulation studies have provided strong evidence of the detrimental impacts of elevated N deposition on the structure and functioning of heathland ecosystems. Few studies, however, have sought to establish whether experimentally observed responses are also apparent under natural, field conditions. This paper presents the findings of a nationwide field-scale evaluation of British heathlands, across broad geographical, climatic and pollution gradients. Fifty two heathlands were selected across an N deposition gradient of 5.9 to 32.4 kg ha−1 yr−1. The diversity and abundance of higher and lower plants and a suite of biogeochemical measures were evaluated in relation to climate and N deposition indices. Plant species richness declined with increasing temperature and N deposition, and the abundance of nitrophilous species increased with increasing N. Relationships were broadly similar between upland and lowland sites, with the biggest reductions in species number associated with increasing N inputs at the low end of the deposition range. Both oxidised and reduced forms of N were associated with species declines, although reduced N appears to be a stronger driver of species loss at the functional group level. Plant and soil biochemical indices were related to temperature, rainfall and N deposition. Litter C:N ratios and enzyme (phenol-oxidase and phosphomonoesterase) activities had the strongest relationships with site N inputs and appear to represent reliable field indicators of N deposition. This study provides strong, field-scale evidence of links between N deposition - in both oxidised and reduced forms - and widespread changes in the composition, diversity and functioning of British heathlands. The similarity of relationships between upland and lowland environments, across broad spatial and climatic gradients, highlights the ubiquity of relationships with N, and suggests that N deposition is contributing to biodiversity loss and changes in ecosystem functioning across European heathlands

Impact of lignite outcrop on microbial functioning in Mediterranean soils

International audienc

SOL-OHM, les activités minières et sidérurgiques des OHMs de Provence : impacts croisés sur les communautés végétales et microbiennes des sols

Séminaire de l’OHM-BMP, Europôle de l’Arbois, Aix-en-Provenc

Extracellular enzyme activities of estuarine mudflats in French Guiana in relation with environmental factors across spatial and seasonal scales

International audienceIntertidal mudflat typology Sediment organic matter and nutrient cycling Spatial and seasonal patterns A B S T R A C T The main aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic of extracellular enzyme activities within estuarine intertidal mudflats and to explore their potential environmental driving factors. Estuarine slikkes of the main rivers of French Guiana were sampled during two annual contrasted hydro-climatic seasons (wet and dry) over a two-year period (n = 38). The spatio-temporal variability of four enzyme activities (alkaline phosphomonoes-terase, arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, urease) was assessed and physico-chemical analyses (dry bulk density, salinity, pH, carbon, nitrogen and sulfur content) of sediments were carried out. Results showed that the hydro-sedimentary specificities of each estuary, combined with the alternation of hydro-climatic seasons, had a strong influence on sediment physico-chemical characteristics. They revealed a gradient of mudflats under mainly continental versus marine influence. Mudflats under mainly continental influence were characterized by oli-gohaline pore-waters, more acidic pH and relatively high organic matter content, and conversely for slikkes under mainly marine influence. Crossing of physico-chemical and functional data showed that the main factor associated with enzyme activities was the total nitrogen content. To a lesser extent, pH and organic carbon content were also related to enzyme activities, but these relationships could not be generalized to all enzymes. Moreover, relationships between enzyme activities and physico-chemical variables were not dependent on the mudflat types, except for the β-glucosidase which showed higher activity under mainly marine influence. Finally, relationships between enzyme activities and physico-chemical variables were not dependent on the seasons, except for alkaline phosphomonoesterase and urease activity, which showed opposite patterns according to seasons

VIH-02 - Le dépistage de l’infection par le VIH : étude des pratiques des médecins généralistes en Martinique

National audienceIntroduction En France, la proportion de personnes infectées par le VIH et ignorant leur statut était de 25 % en 2010. On estime que ces personnes seraient à l’origine de 60 % des nouvelles contaminations. Les offres et les moyens de dépistagesont régulièrement élargis et améliorés, sollicitant notamment les médecins généralistes. Cependant, les opportunités manquées de diagnostic sont nombreuses : pour 82 % des nouvelles découvertes de séropositivités VIH en 2009-2010. Une étude des pratiques de dépistage a eu lieu auprès des généralistes de métropole en 2009. Aucune étude de ce type n’a été réalisée en Martinique, département pourtant très touché par l’épidémie de VIH. Nous avons voulu réaliser unétat des lieux des pratiques de dépistage de l’infection par le VIH par les généralistes en Martinique

Non-enzymatic hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) in a Mediterranean oak (Quercus ilex L.) litter

International audienceWe show the presence of interfering substances when the total microbial activity in litter samples is measured with fluorescein diacetate (FDA), and we propose some methodological modifications to avoid such interference. Three distinct litter layers (the OhLn, the OhLv and the OhLf) of evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) were characterized by 13 C CPMAS NMR and the spectra show that the recalcitrant aromatic and phenolic compounds increase with the degree of degradation of litter. A wide range of sources of interference in the hydrolysis of FDA was found. To understand the origin of this interference, sterilized litter materials (i.e. g-irradiated or autoclaved) and a wide range of organic substances (i.e. amino acids, glucose, sorbitol and organic humic acids) were investigated. Insignificant differences on the FDA hydrolysis activity (FDA activity) were found in the g-irradiated and non-irradiated OhLn litter, indicating that g-irradiation does not destroy enzymes. Conversely, after heat-sterilization of litter, samples showed FDA activity corresponding to 60, 34.8 and 30.8% (in the OhLn, the OhLv and the OhLf layers, respectively) of that of control litters. This indicates the presence of non-enzymatic interfering substances in the FDA assays. As the humification and litter depth increased, hydrolysis of FDA due to interferences decreased, indicating degradation and/or chelation of interfering substances. We hypothesize that lysine, arginine, histidine and cysteine are mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of FDA. We suggest that the use of phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.0) with incubation < 30 minutes, in combination with a temperature between 30 and 40°C, produces insignificant interference in the determination of the final FDA activity in litter samples