Resultados del tratamiento de la inestabilidad postdisectomia mediante artrodesis posterolateral lumbar

El mecanismo fisiopatológico por el cual, tras una discectomia en columna lumbar, se puede producir inestabilidad en este segmento de la columna, ha sido establecido en múltiples estudios y se encuentra en la bibliografía actual. Sin embargo, hay pocas publicaciones en la literatura que hagan referencia a los resultados de la artrodesis posterolateral lumbar en inestabilidad clínico-radiológica generada tras una discectomia lumbar. El propósito del presente estudio es valorar los resultados obtenidos en mejora de calidad de vida, en pacientes sometidos a artrodesis lumbar con tornillos pediculares en inestabilidad postdisectomía. La población estudiada se trató de 15 pacientes, 10 hombres y 5 mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 27 y 65 años, la selección de los pacientes además del antecedente de cirugía discal, se basó en la presencia de un cuadro clínico de inestabilidad unido a pruebas radiológicas estáticas, dinámicas y resonancia magnética, y por último la ausencia de problemas de tipo laboral o psicológico, los datos se obtuvieron por entrevista personal y llamada telefónica, utilizando la escala de Oswestry y la escala analógica de Scott. Los resultados obtenidos fueron buenos ya que más del 90% de los pacientes refirieron mejoría en su calidad de vida. Se puede concluir que la artrodesis posterolateral con tornillos pediculares en inestabilidad postdisectomia, es una buena opción quirúrgica, con la cual se puede obtener mejoría del cuadro clínico del paciente.The present study has the aime, the evaluation of results of posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis in patients who had undergone lumbar discal surgery failed because of appearance of instability. Retrospective study in 15 patients with diagnosis instability postdiskectomy made by: clinical, static and dynamic x-ray and MRI, treated with posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis using pedicular screw. Ten males and five female of 27-65 years and average 46, we used the life quality scale Oswestry and Scott scale. The shortest follow up 3 years and longest 6 years. Our results were: time between diskectomy and arthrodesis variated from 1 to 10 years, average 5 years, about: pain intensity, patients need analgesic because pain, help for activities, deambulation, sexual activity all of them improve. We had 3 cases with clinical symptoms, the other one pain free. One case of deep infection of wound where surgical debridement was necessary. Finally Scott¿s scale prior to surgery punctuation was between 1-4. after between 8-10. Excepting 1 case with bad evolution. Conclusion: posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis with pedicular screew can be a good option of treatment in instability postdikectomy

Rodilla flotante: Revisión retrospectiva de 24 casos

Se realiza una evaluación retrospectiva de 24 pacientes tratados de fracturas ipsilaterales de fémur y tibia. Solo en 7 (29%) casos esta lesión no se acompañaba de otras lesiones asociadas. Los resultados se han evaluado según la escala modificada de Thorensen y cols. (1985). El tipo de fractura fue muy polimorfo. Se realizó tratamiento definitivo de ambos huesos en la urgencia en 5 casos, en 7 casos se hizo tratamiento definitivo en tibia y provisional del fémur, y en 12 casos el tratamiento de urgencias fue provisional para ambas fracturas. Los resultados finales fueron buenos en 16 casos (67%), regulares en 6 (25%) y malos en 2 (8%). La estancia media de estos pacientes disminuyó, cuando se hizo tratamiento definitivo en urgencias.A retrospective evaluation of 24 patients with "floating knee" was done. Only in 7 (29%) cases this lesion was not associated to other lesions. The results have been evaluated according to the modified scale of Thorensen et al. (1985). The fracture pattern was very variable. One stage surgical treatment was carried out in 5 cases, in 7 cases definitive treatment was applied to the tibia and provisionally to the femur, and in 12 cases the treatment made in the emergency was provisional for both fractures. The final results were good in 16 cases (67%), fair in 6 (25%) and bad in 2 (8%). The length of hospital stay decreased when definitive treatment was made at once

Importancia de la estática del raquis lumbar y pelvis en la estenosis degenerativa del canal raquídeo lumbar

El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar algunos parámetros de la estática del caquis lumbosacro en 50 pacientes diagnosticados de estrechez degenerativa del caneal raquídeo lumbar (EDCL), y en un grupo control de 31 sujetos sin antecedentes de patología raquídea, y evaluar las diferencias entre ambos grupos. Los parámetros estudiados mediante radiología simple han sido: Altura discal, la lordosis lumbar, el ángulo lumbosacro de Ferguson, la pendiente sacra, el índice de Taillard, el ángulo discal L5-S1, el nivel de crestas iliacas, y el ángulo de Cauchoix. El ángulo de inclinación del platillo de S1 respecto de la horizontal fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de pacientes que en el de controles. La lordosis no varió significativamente entre ambos grupos. Pero si se observaron diferencias significativas en función del número de niveles estrechados. En el grupo de control, predominaron de forma significativas las disposiciones pélvicas estables, donde las crestas iliacas coinciden con la cuarta vértebra lumbar.The objective of this paper is to examine some parameters of the static of the lumbosacral spine in 50 patients with degenerative stenose of lumbar spine, and in a control groupe of 31 subjects without antecedents of spine pathology, and to evaluate the differences between both groups. We studied by means of simple radiology: the discal height, the lumbar lordosis, the index of Taillard, the discal angle L5-S1, the level of the iliacs crests, and the angle of Cauchoix. The angel of Ferguson was significantly smaller in the group of patients that in that of the controls. The lordosis didn't vary significantly between groups, but it was significantly different if it was observed in function of the number of narrowed levels. In the control group, the stable pelvic despositions (where the crests iliacas coincides with fourth lumbar vertebra) prevailed in a significant way

La excavación arqueológica del solar de la plaza de las Tenerías, nº 3-5 (Zaragoza)

Se presenta un avance de los resultados de las excavaciones realizadas en el solar de la plaza de Las Tenerías, no 3-5 (Zaragoza) que nos documenta, de forma excepcional, el sistema de drenaje utilizado por los romanos en un sector de la ciudad próximo a los ríos Ebro y Huerva. Entre lo más notable está el hallazgo de un áureo de Augusto y un conjunto compuesto por 814 ánforas romanas de tipologías diversas. El áureo fue descubierto entre los materiales arqueológicos que formaban parte del primer aterrazamiento asentado sobre el lecho natural de la terraza del río Ebro. Sobre él, más tarde, se realizó un segundo aterrazamiento. Esta nueva nivelación incluyó muros de mampostería, como elementos de contención, y las ánforas dispuestas vacías e invertidas con el fin de elevar y drenar el terreno a fin de evitar que las humedades ascendieran al suelo edificable

Development of model based sensors for the supervision of a solar dryer

Solar dryers are increasingly used in developing countries as an alternative to drying in open air, however the inherent variability of the drying conditions during day and along year drive the need for achieving low cost sensors that would enable to characterize the drying process and to react accordingly. This paper provides three different and complementary approaches for model based sensors that make use of the psychrometric properties of the air inside the drying chamber and the temperature oscillations of the wood along day. The simplest smart sensor, Smart-1, using only two Sensirion sensors, allows to estimate the accumulated water extracted from wood along a complete drying cycle with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. Smart-2 is a model based sensor that relays on the diffusion kinetics by means of assesing temperature and relative humidity of the air inside the kiln. Smart-2 model allows to determine the diffusivity, being the average value of D for the drying cycle studied equal to 5.14 × 10−10 m2 s−1 and equal to 5.12 × 10−10 m2 s−1 for two experiments respectively. The multidistributed supervision of the dryer shows up the lack of uniformity in drying conditions supported by the wood planks located in the inner or center of the drying chamber where constant drying rate kinetics predominate. Finally, Smart-3 indicates a decreasing efficiency along the drying process from 0.9 to 0.

Main histological parameters to be evaluated in an experimental model of myocardial infarct treated by stem cells on pigs

Myocardial infarction has been carefully studied in numerous experimental models. Most of these models are based on electrophysiological and functional data, and pay less attention to histological discoveries. During the last decade, treatment using advanced therapies, mainly cell therapy, has prevailed from among all the options to be studied for treating myocardial infarction. In our study we wanted to show the fundamental histological parameters to be evaluated during the development of an infarction on an experimental model as well as treatment with mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue applied intra-lesionally. The fundamental parameters to study in infarcted tissue at the histological level are the cells involved in the inflammatory process (lymphocytes, macrophages and M2, neutrophils, mast cells and plasma cells), neovascularization processes (capillaries and arterioles) and cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes and Purkinje fibers). In our study, we used intramyocardial injection of mesenchymal stem cells into the myocardial infarction area 1 hour after arterial occlusion and allowed 1 month of evolution before analyzing the modifications on the normal tissue inflammatory infiltrate. Acute inflammation was shortened, leading to chronic inflammation with abundant plasma cells and mast cells and complete disappearance of neutrophils. Another benefit was an increase in the number of vessels formed. Cardiomyocytes and Purkinje fibers were better conserved, both from a structural and metabolic point of view, possibly leading to reduced morbidity in the long term. With this study we present the main histological aspects to be evaluated in future assays, complementing or explaining the electrophysiological and functional findingsThis study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the Spanish Net of Cell Therapy (TerCel), RETICS subprogram of the I+D+I 2013-2016 [RD16/0011/0013 funded by ISCIII and co-founded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis. Application of adipose-derived stem cells in an experimental murine model

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a pathological condition without effective established treatment and preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) in an experimental murine model of osteonecrosis. 38 Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with zoledronic acid. After treatment, upper jaw molars were extracted. The animals were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the control group, saline solution was applied over the alveolar sockets after the tooth extractions. In the treatment group, ASCs were applied instead of saline solution. The control and treatment groups were subdivided based on the time of euthanasia. A clinical and histological analysis was performed. The presence of osteonecrosis in alveolar bone was observed in a similar distribution in both groups. In the ASC-treated group, new bone formation was greater than in controls. In this study, application of ASCs showed greater new bone formation in an osteonecrosis-like murine model. Previous inhibited post-extraction bone remodelling could be reactivated, and these findings appeared to be secondary to implantation of ASCs

Smart Sensing Applications in the Agriculture and Food Industry

This chapter is structured in three main sections: an introduction to the smart concept and smart quality control, a review of the state of the art in integrated sensors, embedded systems, and the third one which is dedicated to a review of three case studies. The case studies refer to three results lines that are under taken by the LPF-TAGRALIA in the field of smart sensing. It provides examples of how to develop smart capabilities within standard low cost sensors. A variety of smart capabilities have been selected such as dynamic analysis of physical magnitudes, transmission diagnosis and such reliability and a full range of examples of analytical models of wood drying that can be incorporated to sensor chips to enhance sensor performs and to enable the term smart sensor. Each of the three sections of the chapter is independent and so the reader can decide where to start from according to their particular expertise. For unfamiliar readers with smart technologies, all of them might be of interest, while for experienced readers in the subject the case studies directly are probably the most relevant issue

Identification of the most vulnerable populations in the psychosocial sphere: a cross-sectional study conducted in Catalonia during the strict lockdown imposed against the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and objectives A cross-sectional study to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the psychosocial sphere in both the general population and healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods The study was conducted in Catalonia (Spain) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic when strict lockdown was in force. The study population included all people aged over 16 years who consented to participate in the study and completed the survey, in this case a 74-question questionnaire shared via social media using snowball sampling. A total of 56 656 completed survey questionnaires were obtained between 3 and 19 April 2020. The primary and secondary outcome measures included descriptive statistics for the non-psychological questions and the psychological impact of the pandemic, such as depression, anxiety, stress and post-traumatic stress disorder question scores. Results A n early and markedly negative impact on family finances, fear of working with COVID-19 patients and ethical issues related to COVID-19 care among HCWs was observed. A total of seven target groups at higher risk of impaired mental health and which may therefore benefit from an intervention were identified, namely women, subjects aged less than 42 years, people with a care burden, socioeconomically deprived groups, people with unskilled or unqualified jobs, patients with COVID-19 and HCWs working with patients with COVID-19. Conclusions Active implementation of specific strategies to increase resilience and to prepare an adequate organisational response should be encouraged for the seven groups identified as high risk and susceptible to benefit from an intervention

Development of smart sensors for the supervision of a solar dryer: agro-products dehydration application

Solar dryers are increasingly used in developing countries as an alternative to drying in open air, however the inherent variability of the drying conditions during day and along year drive the need for achieving low cost sensors that would enable to characterize the drying process and to react accordingly. This paper provides an approach for smart sensors that make use of the psychrometric properties of the air inside the drying chamber along day. The proposed model shows a high agreement with bibliographic dat