L'insertion des immigrants en milieu régional et la variation de leur motivation en regard de leur établissement définitif

La présente recherche parle de l'insertion des immigrants en Abitibi-Témiscamingue et de leur parcours migratoire. Ceux-ci se déplacent parce qu'ils ont des rêves (source motivationnelle) et des motifs précis pour le faire. Ils rêvent d'une vie de famille et/ ou d'améliorer leur qualité de vie professionnelle et/ ou personnelle. Six phases de rêves (source motivationnelle) et de réalisation personmelle ont été détectées. Elles indiquent où en est l'immigrant dans son parcours migratoire et permet de déceler ce qui peut favoriser ou nuire à son insertion. II importe de saisir ce qui le motive ou le démotive et de comprendre ce qui fait varier sa motivation depuis le départ du pays d'origine jusqu'à son insertion en milieu Témiscabitibien. Chez les immigrants, il y a une source motivationnelle qui provoque une mise en action et celle-ci est accompagnée de motifs. Cette source motivationnelle ne change pas mais la façon d'y répondre peut être réajustée selon les besoins et les conditions d'insertion vécues. L'acte d'immnigration a été analysé selon quatre aspects spécifiques de la motivation : le déclenchement, l'intensité, la direction et la persistance du comportement. La motivation peut varier selon trois positions : intrinsèque, extrinsèque ou démotivation. II apparaît aussi que la motivation varie en hausse ou en baisse sous l'influence de facteurs favorables et/ ou défavorables mais il faut aussi tenir compte des forces internes de chaque personne (attitude, personnalité, philosophie de vie). Au niveau méthodologique, les outils de recherche sont de deux ordres. Premièrement, un questionnaire administré servait à relever les principales données socio-démographiques. Deuxièmement, des entrevues semi-dirigées permettaient de détecter la source motivationnelle, de connaître les motifs pour venir au Québec, d'identifier la variation de la motivation tant au niveau objectif qu'au niveau subjectif. Plusieurs types d'insertion ont été abordés : linguistique, culturelle, économique, professionnelle, sociale et l'insertion dans l'environnement physique. Pour cette recherche exploratoire vingt immigrants ont été rencontrés en Abitibi-Témiscamingue. This research is about the insertion of the immigrants in Abitibi-Témiscamingue and their migratory venture. They move because they have dreams (motivational source) and specifie motives to do so. They dream of an ideal family life and/or of improving the quality of their professional and/or personal life. Six stages of fulfilment of the dream have been detected. They indicate where the immigrant stands in his life project and allows us to detect which factors can help or harm his insertion. It is important to understand what motivates or demotivates him and to understand what makes this motivation change over time, starting with the departure from the original country up to the insertion in the Temiscabitibian enviromnent. For the immigrants, there is a motivational source that provokes the migration and it is supported by motives. This motivational source does not change over time, but the way it is fulfilled may be readjusted according to the needs and the conditions of the actual insertion. The act of immigration has been analysed according to four specifie aspects of motivation : the triggering, the intensity, the direction and the persistence of the behaviour. The motivation can vary according three positions : intrinsic, extrinsic and demotivation. It appears the motivation increases or decreases depending not only on favourable or unfavourable factors, but also on the internal strength of every person (attitude, personality, philosophy of life). As for the methodology, two kinds of research tools were used. Firstly, a questiollllaire was administered to gather socio-demographic data. Secondly, semi-directed interviews were done to detemine the motivational source, to know the reasons why they came in Quebec, and to identify the variation of the motivation, both at the objective and subjective levels. During the interviews, many kinds of insertion were covered : linguistic, cultural, economie, professional, social and in the physical environment. For the purpose of this exploratory research, 20 immigrants were interviewed in Abitibi-Témiscamingue

Negative parenting, epigenetic age, and psychological problems: prospective associations from adolescence to young adulthood

Background: Epigenetic clocks are based on DNA methylation levels of several genomic loci and have been developed as indices of biological aging. Studies examining the effects of stressful environmental exposures have shown that stress is associated with differences between epigenetic age and chronological age (i.e., Epigenetic Age acceleration, EA). This pre-registered longitudinal study examined the long-term effects of negative parenting and psychological problems throughout adolescence (ages 13–17 years) on EA in late adolescence (age 17 years) and EA changes from late adolescence to young adulthood (age 25 years). Further, it examined how (change in) EA is related to changes in psychological problems from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods: We used data from a sample of 434 participants followed from age 13 to age 25, with saliva collected at ages 17 and 25. We estimated EA using four commonly used epigenetic clocks and analyzed the data using Structural Equation Modeling. Results: While negative parenting was not related to EA nor change in EA, (change in) EA was related to developmental indices such as externalizing problems and self-concept clarity. Conclusions: Declining psychological well-being during young adulthood was preceded by EA

Negative parenting, epigenetic age, and psychological problems: prospective associations from adolescence to young adulthood

Background: Epigenetic clocks are based on DNA methylation levels of several genomic loci and have been developed as indices of biological aging. Studies examining the effects of stressful environmental exposures have shown that stress is associated with differences between epigenetic age and chronological age (i.e., Epigenetic Age acceleration, EA). This pre-registered longitudinal study examined the long-term effects of negative parenting and psychological problems throughout adolescence (ages 13–17 years) on EA in late adolescence (age 17 years) and EA changes from late adolescence to young adulthood (age 25 years). Further, it examined how (change in) EA is related to changes in psychological problems from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods: We used data from a sample of 434 participants followed from age 13 to age 25, with saliva collected at ages 17 and 25. We estimated EA using four commonly used epigenetic clocks and analyzed the data using Structural Equation Modeling. Results: While negative parenting was not related to EA nor change in EA, (change in) EA was related to developmental indices such as externalizing problems and self-concept clarity. Conclusions: Declining psychological well-being during young adulthood was preceded by EA

High-resolution modeling of nearshore circulation in an upwelling ecosystem: resolving sub-mesoscale variability

While numerical modeling has proven successful at reproducing the physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with circulation over regional and mesoscales, challenges remain for modeling the coastal zone at sufficiently high resolution to resolve coastal flows and their interactions with larger-scale processes. Computational costs associated with grid resolution and limited observations for model validation are important concerns. This study evaluates a climatological hydrodynamic model off central Chile (28-38°S), which has three nested domains to reproduce both the regional and nearshore circulation patterns. To determine whether submesoscale processes propagate up to larger scales, results from the nested High-Resolution Model (HRM2, 32-34°S and 0.87 km resolution) and its parent (HRM0, 28-36°S and 7.4 km) were compared with those from a Low-resolution Model (LRM0) configured with the exact resolution as the HRM0. While both HRM0 and LRM0 reproduced well the climatological Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Salinity (SSS), as well as the general spatial patterns of kinetic energy, the annual transport of the Peru-Chile Undercurrent (PCUC) increased in the nested HRM0 (-0.7 to-1.3 Sv) compared to the LRMO (-0.58 to-0.95 Sv). Moreover, the Coastal Chilean Current (CCC) became up 2.16 faster in HRM2 than in LRM0, with a sharp shoreward decline in the maximum speed (down to 1 11 cm/s) nearshore, defining in this manner a coastal boundary layer (CBL), which was not reproduced by the LRM0. Also, the upwelling process in the HRMO was intensified by topographic features and was spatially consistent with ageostrophic circulation patterns. As expected, the most remarkable differences between model resolutions emerged nearshore, especially within the CBL, highlighting the importance of topographic effects on coastal circulation. Thus, although the low-resolution model can reproduce patterns of circulation in the coastal ocean fairly well, resolving submesoscale variability as in the HRMO imposes moderate to large changes in transport, current velocities, vorticity and topographic realism of the upwelling process. The extent to which variation in these processes affects biochemical processes, particle transports, and or larval dispersal must still be investigated

The Relation Between Depressive Symptoms and Semantic Memory in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and in Late-Life Depression

Semantic deficits have been documented in the prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s disease, but it is unclear whether these deficits are associated with non-cognitive manifestations. For instance, recent evidence indicates that cognitive deficits in elders with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are modulated by concomitant depressive symptoms. The purposes of this study were to (i) investigate if semantic memory impairment in aMCI is modulated according to the presence (aMCI-D group) or absence (aMCI group) of depressive symptoms, and (ii) compare semantic memory performance of aMCI and aMCI-D groups to that of patients with late-life depression (LLD). Seventeen aMCI, 16 aMCI-D, 15 LLD, and 26 healthy control participants were administered a semantic questionnaire assessing famous person knowledge. Results showed that performance of aMCI-D patients was impaired compared to the control and LLD groups. However, in the aMCI group performance was comparable to that of all other groups. Overall, these findings suggest that semantic deficits in aMCI are somewhat associated with the presence of concomitant depressive symptoms. However, depression alone cannot account solely for the semantic deficits since LLD patients showed no semantic memory impairment in this study. Future studies should aim at clarifying the association between depression and semantic deficits in older adults meeting aMCI criteria.Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada (IRSC) IAO-8467

Mechanism of primitive duct formation in the pancreas and submandibular glands: a role for SDF-1

BACKGROUND: The exocrine pancreas is composed of a branched network of ducts connected to acini. They are lined by a monolayered epithelium that derives from the endoderm and is surrounded by mesoderm-derived mesenchyme. The morphogenic mechanisms by which the ductal network is established as well as the signaling pathways involved in this process are poorly understood. RESULTS: By morphological analyzis of wild-type and mutant mouse embryos and using cultured embryonic explants we investigated how epithelial morphogenesis takes place and is regulated by chemokine signaling. Pancreas ontogenesis displayed a sequence of two opposite epithelial transitions. During the first transition, the monolayered and polarized endodermal cells give rise to tissue buds composed of a mass of non polarized epithelial cells. During the second transition the buds reorganize into branched and polarized epithelial monolayers that further differentiate into tubulo-acinar glands. We found that the second epithelial transition is controlled by the chemokine Stromal cell-Derived Factor (SDF)-1. The latter is expressed by the mesenchyme, whereas its receptor CXCR4 is expressed by the epithelium. Reorganization of cultured pancreatic buds into monolayered epithelia was blocked in the presence of AMD3100, a SDF-1 antagonist. Analyzis of sdf1 and cxcr4 knockout embryos at the stage of the second epithelial transition revealed transient defective morphogenesis of the ventral and dorsal pancreas. Reorganization of a globular mass of epithelial cells in polarized monolayers is also observed during submandibular glands development. We found that SDF-1 and CXCR4 are expressed in this organ and that AMD3100 treatment of submandibular gland explants blocks its branching morphogenesis. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our data show that the primitive pancreatic ductal network, which is lined by a monolayered and polarized epithelium, forms by remodeling of a globular mass of non polarized epithelial cells. Our data also suggest that SDF-1 controls the branching morphogenesis of several exocrine tissues.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

In vivo importance of homologous recombination DNA repair for mouse neural stem and progenitor cells

We characterized the in vivo importance of the homologous recombination factor RAD54 for the developing mouse brain cortex in normal conditions or after ionizing radiation exposure. Contrary to numerous homologous recombination genes, Rad54 disruption did not impact the cortical development without exogenous stress, but it dramatically

Association of circulating hsa-miRNAs with sarcopenia: the SarcoPhAge study.

peer reviewed[en] OBJECTIVE: To identify a microRNA signature associated to sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults form the SarcoPhAge cohort. METHODS: In a screening phase by next generation sequencing (NGS), we compared the hsa-miRome expression of 18 subjects with sarcopenia (79.6 ± 6.8 years, 9 men) and 19 healthy subjects without sarcopenia (77.1 ± 6 years, 9 men) at baseline. Thereafter, we have selected eight candidate hsa-miRNAs according to the NGS results and after a critical assessment of previous literature. In a validation phase and by real-time qPCR, we then analyzed the expression levels of these 8 hsa-miRNAs at baseline selecting 92 healthy subjects (74.2 ± 10 years) and 92 subjects with sarcopenia (75.3 ± 6.8 years). For both steps, the groups were matched for age and sex. RESULTS: In the validation phase, serum has-miRNA-133a-3p and has-miRNA-200a-3p were significantly decreased in the group with sarcopenia vs controls [RQ: relative quantification; median (interquartile range)]: -0.16 (-1.26/+0.90) vs +0.34 (-0.73/+1.33) (p < 0.01) and -0.26 (-1.07/+0.68) vs +0.27 (-0.55/+1.10) (p < 0.01) respectively. Has-miRNA-744-5p was decreased and has-miRNA-151a-3p was increased in the group with sarcopenia vs controls, but this barely reached significance: +0.16 (-1.34/+0.79) vs +0.44 (-0.31/+1.00) (p = 0.050) and  +0.35 (-0.22/+0.90) vs  +0.03 (-0.68/+0.75) (p = 0.054). CONCLUSION: In subjects with sarcopenia, serum hsa-miRNA-133a-3p and hsa-miRNA-200a-3p expression were downregulated, consistent with their potential targets inhibiting muscle cells proliferation and differentiation

Computer vision and machine learning for robust phenotyping in genome-wide studies

Traditional evaluation of crop biotic and abiotic stresses are time-consuming and labor-intensive limiting the ability to dissect the genetic basis of quantitative traits. A machine learning (ML)-enabled image-phenotyping pipeline for the genetic studies of abiotic stress iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) of soybean is reported. IDC classification and severity for an association panel of 461 diverse plant-introduction accessions was evaluated using an end-to-end phenotyping workflow. The workflow consisted of a multi-stage procedure including: (1) optimized protocols for consistent image capture across plant canopies, (2) canopy identification and registration from cluttered backgrounds, (3) extraction of domain expert informed features from the processed images to accurately represent IDC expression, and (4) supervised ML-based classifiers that linked the automatically extracted features with expert-rating equivalent IDC scores. ML-generated phenotypic data were subsequently utilized for the genome-wide association study and genomic prediction. The results illustrate the reliability and advantage of ML-enabled image-phenotyping pipeline by identifying previously reported locus and a novel locus harboring a gene homolog involved in iron acquisition. This study demonstrates a promising path for integrating the phenotyping pipeline into genomic prediction, and provides a systematic framework enabling robust and quicker phenotyping through ground-based systems

Management of lower urinary tract fibroepithelial polyps in children

Introduction Fibroepithelial polyps (FEP) of the lower urinary tract are relatively common in adults but rare in children, with fewer than 250 cases reported in the literature to date. Objective The aim of this study was to address the experience of FEP management in children. Study design A retrospective multicenter review was undertaken in children with defined FEP of the lower urinary tract managed between 2008 and 2018. The data at 18 pediatric surgery centers were collected. Their demographic, radiological, surgical, and pathological information were reviewed. Results A total of 33 children (26 boys; 7 girls) were treated for FEP of the lower urinary tract at 13 centers. The most common presentation was urinary outflow as hematuria (41%), acute urinary retention (25%), dysuria (19%), or urinary infections (28%). A prenatal diagnosis was made for three patients with hydronephrosis. Almost all of the children (94%) underwent ultrasound imaging of the urinary tract as the first diagnostic examination, 23 (70%) of them also either had an MRI (15%), cystourethrography (25%), computerized tomography (6%), or cystoscopy (45%). Two of these children (6%) had a biopsy prior to the surgery. The median preoperative delay was 7.52 (range: 1–48) months. Most of the patients were treated endoscopically, although four (12.1%) had open surgery and two (6.1%) had an additional incision for specimen extraction. The median hospital stay was 1.5 (range: 1–10) days. There were no recurrences and no complications after a median follow-up of 13 (range: 1–34) months. Discussion The main limitation of our study is the retrospective design, although it is the largest one for this pathology. Conclusion This series supports sonography as the most suitable diagnosis tool before endoscopy to confirm the diagnosis and to perform the resection for most FEP in children. This report confirms the recognized benign nature in the absence of recurrences