Optimization of heat treatement process for alloyed case hardenening steel

Bakalářská práce se zabývá posouzením vlivu tepelného zpracování na mikrostrukturu a mechanické vlastnosti středně legované cementační oceli 18CrNiMo7-6. Jedná se o posouzení a navrhnutí vhodné austenitizační teploty. Pro výběr optimální varianty tepelného zpracování bylo testováno pět různých teplotních režimů austenitizace při stejné popouštěcí teplotě. Teoretická část popisuje jednotlivé způsoby tepelného zpracování se zaměřením na středně legované oceli. Praktická část prezentuje mikrostrukturu oceli, její prokalitelnost a tvrdost v závislosti na zvoleném teplotním režimu zpracování.This bachelor’s thesis deals with the assessment of the influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of medium alloyed steel 18CrNiMo7-6. The work contains assessment and further proposal of suitable austenitizing temperature for heat treatment. To select the optimal variants of heat treatment five different temperature modes were tested. The theoretical part describes the various methods of heat treatment, with a focus on medium alloyed steels. The practical part presents microstructure of the evaluated steel, its hardenability and hardness depending on the temperature regime of treatment.

Reconstruction of mechanical testing samples from small volumes of materials using electron beam welding

Diplomová práce se zaměřuje na aplikaci vzorků s vnitřním insertem pro Charpyho nárazovou zkoušku. Daný insert je svařen k přídavným materiálům, doplňujících délku normovaného vzorku, elektronovým paprskem za předem zvolených svařovacích parametrů. Parametry na svařování byly zjištěny z provedených experimentů na homogenních svarech. Vzniklý heterogenní svar je podroben hodnocení mikrostruktury, chemického složení a mikrotvrdosti. Jako experimentální materiály byly použity austenitická ocel 17 240 a feritická ocel 17 153 používané na vysokoteplotní aplikace.This thesis is focused on application samples with the inner insert used for Charpy impact test. This insert is welded to additional material by electron beam with pre-selected welded parameters. These parameters were chosen from data of performed experiments on homogenous welds. Resulting heterogenous weld was performed of evaluation of the microstructure, chemical composition and microhardness. Experimental materials were used austenitic steel 17 240 and ferritic steel 17 153 used on high-temperature applications.

Nursing care for patients with biliary tract malignancy.

This thesis deals with nursing care for patients with biliary tract cancer. The theoretical part focuses on the issue of biliary tract cancer, the needs of patients in the preterminal stage of the disease with introduced percutaneous transhepatic drainage and the role of nurses during their meeting. Biliary tract tumours cause gradual blockage of the biliary tract, thus preventing the flow of bile; there is also the progression of icterus and pain. The patient develops sepsis. In many cases the disease proceeds rapidly and death is inevitable. One of the possible methods of bile removal from the blocked biliary tract in patients with inoperable tumours is percutaneous transhepatic drainage. The operation will not prolong the patient?s life, but it will improve the quality of life, i.e. it has only a palliative effect. One objective a three research questions were set for this thesis; the questions were focused on specific aspects of nursing care for patients with biliary tract cancer. Objective: 1. To find out specifics aspects of nursing care for patients with biliary tract cancer. Research questions: 1. What are the specific needs of patients with biliary tract cancer? 2. To what extent are patients with percutaneous transhepatic drainage informed about the care for the drainage? 3. Are the patients informed about their disease? To achieve the objective, qualitative research was used in the form of semi-structured interviews with patients with biliary tract cancer having percutaneous transhepatic drainage, hospitalized at the University Hospital in Pilsen, the Department of Internal Medicine specializing in gastrointestinal diseases. The first research question of the thesis was to find out what the specific needs of patients with biliary tract cancer were. The identified specific needs can help nurses to understand better the problems of this disease and to improve the quality of nursing care provision. The results revealed a number of needs that patients in nursing care miss or that are neglected by the nursing staff The second research question was to find out to what extent patients with percutaneous transhepatic drainage are informed about the care for the drainage. As regards the informedness about the care of the drainage, it was found out that, despite the efforts of the nurses to educate their patients properly, the patients were not interested in such education. That was due, in particular, to the high age of the patients. Most of them cannot cope with the care alone and they rely on assistance from the nursing staff or family members. The third research question was to find out to what extent the patients are informed about their disease. The responses from the interviews concerning this question showed at what level the awareness of the patients about their disease is. The research indicated that the patients have information about their disease obtained from the nursing staff, but they do not understand it in most cases. The patient requests information from the nurses but such information does not fall within their competences but within the competence of the doctor. Based on the findings, a booklet was compiled for patients with biliary tract cancer

Multiple female cancers

In my diploma thesis deals with the question of multiplicities of cancer disease in women , which mainly relate to breast cancer and ovarian cancer . I While hereditary forms of cancer occur minority- and still affects relatively a large group , which constitutes approximately 10 % of all malignancies and breast ovary . Since this number is good at diagnosing this opportunity to think and in the event of discovery of facts which might lead us to suspect a hereditary form of cancer , it is advisable to use options genetic testing , get tested as patient and her family members , and adapt the results of preventive monitoring of the whole family . It is in this group patients or patients is most important to their long-term monitoring , prophylactic interventions in primary prevention and individual work with families, for which the certificate mutation lot of stress. The paper will be presented most common genetic syndromes in women under which occur in particular breast cancer , their incidence in the population of women the Czech Republic , dispensary preventive programs and treatment options . Will be credited to comprehensive and preventive care and will focus specifically on mutations in the BRCA genes , as the most common cause of cancer multiplicitního disease in women . The aim of this work is the..

Metabolic effects of chronic metformin administration in obese mice depending on the composition of high-fat diet

Obesity leads to many severe metabolic disorders, e.g. dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscles, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and finally diabetes mellitus type 2. Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide) is the most favored medicament for the treatment and prevention of these disorders. It stimulates cellular glucose uptake and normalizes blood levels of lipid metabolites without triggering insulin secretion. Research on insulin resistance and diabetes is often realized through developing diet- induced obesity in laboratory animals. The aim of this project is to compare metabolic effects of two different high-fat diets named HFD and HSD. The HFD diet consists chiefly of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (corn oil) and starch (100% glucose). The HSD diet contains mainly saturated fatty acids (lard) and sucrose (50% glucose and 50% fructose). I also studied metabolic effects of metformin by adding it continuously to the drinking water given to obese mice fed with the HFD or the HSD diet. Methods: Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), blood and tissue levels of lipid metabolites assessment, radio-immunological assessment of blood levels of insulin, assessment of AMPK activity in liver by western blotting. Results: Increased consumption of the..

Cortisol and its role in the regulation of energetic metabolism

Department of PhysiologyKatedra fyziologieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Optimization of methods for sensitivity evaluation of biofilm-forming microbial agents towards substances with antimicrobial potential

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study program: Pharmacy Candidate: Jana Roubalová Consultant: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Optimization of methods for sensitivity evaluation of biofilm-forming microbial agents towards substances with antimicrobial potential Background: The aim of this diploma thesis was to optimize the methodical approach to the production of yeast biofilms in vitro on the so-called pegs and the walls of the wells of the 96-well panel. This biofilm formation system should be an analogous approach to the commercially available Calgary Biofilm Device. 10 strains of Candida yeast and 4 different culture media (nutritionally poor / rich) were used to optimize the methodology. Both the reference strains and the clinical isolates were among the yeast strains tested. Methods: The ability to form yeast biofilms by different strains in different culture media was evaluated by the approach of fixation, staining of the formed biofilms by crystal violet and extraction and spectrophotometric measurement of the intensity of the extracted color. Results: Individual strains, after cultivation in different media, were categorized according to their ability to form biofilm. Larger yeast adherence occurs in the wells than on pegs where the yeast adhered very..