Description of the immature stages of the planthopper Lacertinella australis (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

The five immature stages of the planthopper Lacertinella australis(Remes Lenicov and Rossi Batiz) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Saccharosydnini) are described and illustrated. The main characters that al-lowed us to distinguish the various stages were body size, number of tarsomeres and metatibial spines, and number of teeth on the spur. New biological data based on laboratory rearing and field observations showed that L. australiscan carry out its biological cycle successfully on the graminaceous pampas grass (Cortaderia spp. Stapf (Poales: Poaceae)). In addition, the efficient rearing in captivity, the high survivor-ship registered, and overwintering only on this host plant suggests that L. australisis a potential biocontrol agent of this invasive graminaceous weed. This study provides information about the immature stages, including a key for their identification, based on laboratory reared specimens and field observations.Se describen e ilustran las cinco etapas inmaduras de la especie de Saccharisydnini Lacertinella australis(Remes Lenicov and Rossi Batiz) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Los principales caracteres que permitieron distinguir las diferentes etapas fueron: tamaño corporal, número de espinas en los tarsómeros y metatibia y número de dientes en el espolón tibial. Nuevos datos biológicos, basados en la cría de laboratorio y obser-vaciones de campo, mostraron que L. australispuede realizar su ciclo biológico exitosamente en la graminácea cortadera (Cortaderiaspp. Stapf (Poales: Poaceae)). Además, la eficiente crianza en cautive-rio y la alta supervivencia registrada en esta planta hospedera, sugieren que L. australis podría ser usada como un potencial agente de control biológico de esta maleza invasora. Este estudio proporciona informa-ción sobre las etapas inmaduras, incluyendo una clave para su identificación, basada en individuos provenientes de la cría de laboratorio y de campoFil: Rossi Batiz, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Marino, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentin

Horizontal Inequity in Access to Health Care in Four South American Cities

This paper analyzes and compares socioeconomic inequalities in the use of healthcare services by the elderly in four South-American cities: Buenos Aires, Santiago, Montevideo and San Pablo. We use data from SABE, a survey on Health, Well-being and Aging administered in 2000. After having accounted for socioeconomic inequalities in healthcare needs, we find socioeconomic inequities favoring the rich in the use of preventive services (mammograms, pap tests, breast examinations, and prostate exams) in all of the studied cities. We also find inequities in the likelihood of having a medical visit in Santiago and Montevideo, and in some measures of quality of access in Santiago, Sao Paulo, and Buenos Aires. Santiago depicts the highest inequities in medical visits and Uruguay the worse indicators in mammograms and pap scans tests. For all cities, inequities in preventive services at least double inequities in other services. We do not find evidence of a trade-off between levels of access and equity in access to healthcare services. The decomposition of healthcare inequalities suggests that inequities within each health system are more important than between systems.inequalities, healthcare, medical visit, preventive services

Leon Cadogan, antropólogo tradutor do Ayvu Rapyta: um projeto ético baseado no conhecimento

Colóquio Yo el Supremo (1974-2014) – Augusto Roa Bastos – 03 e 04 de dezembro de 2014. Organizadores Alai Diniz e Fernanda PereiraA tradução realizada por Leon Cadogan do texto religioso dos Mbyá-Guarani, intitulado Ayvu Rapyta, levanta questões sobre a tradução enquanto processo que tem seu ponto de partida dentro de um sistema de trocas baseadas no dom enquanto elemento de circulação cultural. A transcrição deste material oralizado e suas transformações em um sistema escrito se inserem dentro de um sistema semiótico de transformação do signo. O resultado é uma tradução ética baseada no conhecimento científico como categoria de estruturação da tradução

Horizontal Inequity in Access to Health Care in Four South American Cities

ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el grado de inequidad socioeconómica en el uso de servicios médicos de la población adulta mayor en cinco ciudades latinoamericanas (Buenos Aires, Ciudad de México, Santiago de Chile, San Pablo y Montevideo), en base a los datos de la Encuesta de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento relevada entre 1999 y 2000 (SABE, OPS/OMS, 2001). El análisis imputa el ingreso equivalente del hogar a través de la utilización de las encuestas de hogares de los distintos países, y considerando una amplia serie de indicadores de acceso, calidad y uso de servicios de salud. Una vez estandarizado el uso de servicios por las necesidades de cuidados, se encuentran desigualdades socioeconómicas pro-rico en el uso de servicios preventivos en todas las ciudades, desigualdades en la realización de visitas médicas en Santiago y Montevideo, y desigualdades en la calidad de acceso a la atención en todas las ciudades salvo Montevideo. Las desigualdades socioeconómicas dentro de los sistemas de salud públicos o privados explican una mayor proporción de las desigualdades en el acceso a la atención. Nuestros resultados son informativos en el contexto de las políticas recientes destinadas a la aplicación de paquetes mínimos de servicios. AbstractThe objective of this paper is compare socioeconomic inequalities in the use of healthcare services in four South-American cities: Buenos Aires, Santiago, Montevideo, and San Pablo. We use secondary data from SABE, a survey on Health, Well-being and Aging administered in 2000 under the sponsorship of the Panamerican Health Organization, and representative of the elderly population in each of the analyzed cities. We construct concentration indices of access to and quality of healthcare services, and decompose them in socioeconomic, need, and non-need contributors. We assess the weight of each contributor to the overall index and compare indices across cities. Our results show high levels of pro-rich socioeconomic inequities in the use of preventive services in all cities, inequities in medical visits in Santiago and Montevideo, and inequities in quality of access to care in all cities but Montevideo. Socioeconomic inequality within private or public health systems explains a higher portion of inequalities in access to care than the fragmented nature of health systems. Our results are informative given recent policies aimed at enforcing minimum packages of services and given policies exclusively focused on defragmenting health systems.Desigualdad horizontal, acceso al sistema de salud, Suramérica.

Horizontal inequity in access to health care in four South American cities

This paper analyzes and compares socioeconomic inequalities in the use of healthcare services by the elderly in four South-American cities: Buenos Aires (Argentina), Santiago (Chile), Montevideo (Uruguay) and San Pablo (Brazil). We use data from SABE, a survey on Health, Well-being and Aging administered in several Latin American cities in 2000. After having accounted for socioeconomic inequalities in healthcare needs, we find socioeconomic inequities favoring the rich in the use of preventive services (mammograms, pap tests, breast examinations, and prostate exams) in all of the studied cities. We also find inequities in the likelihood of having a medical visit in Santiago and Montevideo, and in some measures of quality of access in Santiago, Sao Paulo, and Buenos Aires. Santiago depicts the highest inequities in medical visits and Uruguay the worse indicators in mammograms and pap scans tests. For all cities, inequities in preventive services at least double inequities in other services. We do not find evidence of a trade-off between levels of access and equity in access to healthcare services. The decomposition of healthcare inequalities suggests that inequities within each health system (public or private) are more important than between systems.inequalities, healthcare, medical visit, preventive services.

Ferrugem do eucalipto : análise temporal e quantificação de danos

A ferrugem do eucalipto, causada pelo fungo Puccinia psidii Winter, é uma das doenças mais importantes dessa cultura, tornando-se necessário o conhecimento sobre do progresso dessa doença ao longo do tempo e os danos por ela causados. Diante desta problemática e da importância que o patógeno P. psidii vem apresentando à eucaliptocultura, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma análise temporal da ferrugem no campo e quantificação de danos. Este estudo foi conduzido em campo na área experimental da Empresa Suzano Papel e Celulose, localizada no município de Mucuri-BA. Plantou-se 200 mudas do clone 2156, híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus dunnii, e 200 mudas do clone 2392, híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, em espaçamento de 3x3 m. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 10 repetições, em parcelas de 10 plantas para cada tratamento, sendo os tratamentos com e sem controle químico. O experimento dividiu-se em duas fases, fase 1: iniciou-se em abril de 2005 com o plantio das mudas e adaptação das mudas em campo, avaliou-se a incidência da ferrugem do eucalipto, a altura e a biomassa das planta, sendo que a incidência da doença e altura das plantas foram avaliadas em todos os blocos do experimento e a biomassa nos blocos (1, 2, 3 e 4). Para a avaliação da biomassa foi necessário realizar o corte das plantas nesses quatro blocos, que ocorreu quando as plantas atingiram seis meses de idade; fase 2: essa fase perdurou até o ano de 2009, durante os quatro anos de experimento avaliou-se a altura e diâmetro das plantas nos seis blocos restantes (5, 6, 7, 8, 9 e 10). Com os dados de incidência realizou-se a análise temporal da ferrugem por meio da avaliação da área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). A quantificação dos danos causados pela ferrugem foi realizada utilizando-se as variáveis altura (m), biomassa (kg) e volume de madeira (m³) por meio de análises estatística. Quando não foi realizado o controle químico, constatou-se que o clone 2156 foi mais resistente em relação ao clone 2392, que pode ser considerado mais suscetível, pois apresentou maior AACPD. A aplicação do fungicida triadimenol (Bayfidan) foi efetivo para o clone 2392, levando à diminuição da incidência da ferrugem e proporcionando maior altura, produção de biomassa e volume de madeira das plantas. Este clone se mostrou mais suscetível à ferrugem, no entanto mais produtivo em relação ao clone 2156.The eucalyptus rust, caused by Puccinia psidii, is one of the most important diseases of this crop, making it necessary to know about the progress of the disease over time and the damage it caused. Given the importance of this issue and that the pathogen P. psidii is presenting the eucalypts, the present study aimed to perform a temporal analysis of rust in the field and quantify damage. This study was conducted in the field in the experimental area of Suzano Pulp and Paper Company, located in the municipality of Mucuri - BA. Planted 200 seedlings of clone 2156, hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus dunnii, and 200 seedlings of clone 2392, hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla in 3x3 m spacing. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 10 replications in plots of 10 plants for each treatment, and the treatments with and without chemical control. The experiment was divided into two phases, Phase 1: started in April 2005 with the planting of seedlings and adaptation of the seedling, we assessed the incidence of eucalyptus rust, height and biomass of the plant, and the disease incidence and plant height were evaluated in all blocks of the experiment and the biomass in the blocks (1, 2, 3 and 4). For the assessment of biomass was necessary to cut the plants in these four blocks, which occurred when the plants reached six months of age; Phase 2: This phase lasted until 2009, during the four years of the experiment evaluated the height and the diameter of the plants in the remaining six blocks (5, 6, 7 , 8, 9 and 10). With incidence data was performed temporal analysis of rust by evaluating the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Quantification of the damage caused by rust was performed using the time variable (m), biomass (kg) and timber volume (m³) by statistical analysis. When it was not performed chemical control, it was found that the clone 2156 was more resistant toward clone 2392, which can be considered more susceptible, as it showed greater AUDPC. The application of the fungicide triadimenol (Bayfidan) was effective for clone 2392, leading to decreased incidence of rust and providing greater height, biomass and wood volume of plants. This clone was more susceptible to rust, however more productive relative to clone 2156

A construção da opinião pública na França no início do século XIX

Este texto refere-se a um período histórico específico: as décadas de 1820 e de 1830, período concebido pela historiografia atual como sendo muito conturbado na história da França. A maioria dos historiadores franceses e ingleses caracteriza o período entre a Revolução Francesa e a Revolução de 1848 como uma época histórica pautada por uma instabilidade política, refletida nas freqüentes mudanças de governo. 1830 é uma dessas datas. Caracterizada como obra de alguns grupos liberais, a Revolução de 1830 é um dos marcos importantes na História da França

El descubrimiento de España de Fernando Iwasaki: la conquista del humor

En la presente investigación se mostrará cómo Fernando Iwasaki (Lima, 1961) consigue mediante la hibridación genérica implícita en El descubrimiento de España desatar la sonrisa de los lectores, acercarlos a su particular hallazgo del país a través de la música, de la anécdota y de su propio trabajo como historiador. Se analizarán como fundamentales los deslindamientos genéricos, culturales y geográficos. Pese a su temprana publicación en 1996, en la obra ya se perfilan los rasgos que caracterizan la escritura del hispanoperuano: la ironía, la parodia, la autoficción y las intertextualidades. Se subrayará el crescendo en los recursos formales y temáticos, desde los capítulos iniciales en los que prevalecen el extrañamiento y la mirada pueril hasta la crítica sarcástica en la que posteriormente un Iwasaki adulto ahonda en el orgullo castizo. Asimismo, se destacará la relevancia de la música en este descubrimiento, donde el autor recurre a las canciones más populares —y a menudo, kitsch— del panorama español para fomentar la conquista del humor.The present investigation will demonstrate how Fernando Iwasaki (Lima, 1961), through the implicit generic hybridation found in El descubrimiento de España, manages to make the reader smile and feel closer to his special discovery of this country, made through music, the anecdotic and his own work as historian. It will also analyze the demarcations in gender, culture and geography that are fundamental to the novel. Despite its early publishing in 1996, this book already shows the characteristic writing of the Hispanic-Peruvian author: irony, parody, autofiction and intertextuality. It is important to note the crescendo in formal and thematic resources, from the estrangement and childlike vision of the first chapters to the sarcasm with which an adult Iwasaki critics the concept of Spanish pride. It will also be noted the importance of music in this discovery, since the writer appeals to the most popular —and often, kitsch— songs of the Spanish scene to promote the conquest of humor

IP3 receptors – lessons from analyses ex cellula

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are widely expressed intracellular channels that release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We review how studies of IP3Rs removed from their intracellular environment (‘ex cellula’), alongside similar analyses of ryanodine receptors, have contributed to understanding IP3R behaviour. Analyses of permeabilized cells demonstrated that the ER is the major intracellular Ca2+ store, and that IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from it. Radioligand binding confirmed that the 4,5-phosphates of IP3 are essential for activating IP3Rs, and facilitated IP3R purification and cloning, which paved the way to structural analyses. Reconstitution of IP3Rs into lipid bilayers and patch-clamp recording from the nuclear envelope established that IP3Rs have a large conductance and select weakly between Ca2+ and other cations. Structural analyses are now revealing how IP3 binding to the N-terminus of the tetrameric IP3R opens the pore 7nm away from the IP3-binding core (IBC). Communication between the IBC and pore passes through a nexus of interleaved domains contributed by structures associated with the pore and cytosolic domains, which together contribute to a Ca2+-binding site. These structural analyses provide a plausible explanation for the suggestion that IP3 gates IP3Rs by first stimulating Ca2+ binding, which leads to pore opening and Ca2+ release