Водорості та лишайники

Методичні рекомендації складено на основі навчальної програми з ботаніки для проведення лабораторних занять зі студентами першого курсу денної та заочної форм навчання біологічного факультету

Surprising variations in the rotation of the chemically peculiar stars CU Virginis and V901 Orionis

CU Vir and V901 Ori belong among these few magnetic chemically peculiar stars whose rotation periods vary on timescales of decades. We aim to study the stability of the periods in CU Vir and V901 Ori using all accessible observational data containing phase information. We collected all available relevant archived observations supplemented with our new measurements of these stars and analysed the period variations of the stars using a novel method that allows for the combination of data of diverse sorts. We found that the shapes of their phase curves were constant, while the periods were changing. Both stars exhibit alternating intervals of rotational braking and acceleration. The rotation period of CU Vir was gradually shortening until the year 1968, when it reached its local minimum of 0.52067198 d. The period then started increasing, reaching its local maximum of 0.5207163 d in the year 2005. Since that time the rotation has begun to accelerate again. We also found much smaller period changes in CU Vir on a timescale of several years. The rotation period of V901 Ori was increasing for the past quarter-century, reaching a maximum of 1.538771 d in the year 2003, when the rotation period began to decrease. A theoretically unexpected alternating variability of rotation periods in these stars would remove the spin-down time paradox and brings a new insight into structure and evolution of magnetic upper-main-sequence stars.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

The GRANDMA network in preparation for the fourth gravitational-wave observing run

GRANDMA is a world-wide collaboration with the primary scientific goal ofstudying gravitational-wave sources, discovering their electromagneticcounterparts and characterizing their emission. GRANDMA involves astronomers,astrophysicists, gravitational-wave physicists, and theorists. GRANDMA is now atruly global network of telescopes, with (so far) 30 telescopes in bothhemispheres. It incorporates a citizen science programme (Kilonova-Catcher)which constitutes an opportunity to spread the interest in time-domainastronomy. The telescope network is an heterogeneous set of already-existingobserving facilities that operate coordinated as a single observatory. Withinthe network there are wide-field imagers that can observe large areas of thesky to search for optical counterparts, narrow-field instruments that dotargeted searches within a predefined list of host-galaxy candidates, andlarger telescopes that are devoted to characterization and follow-up of theidentified counterparts. Here we present an overview of GRANDMA after the thirdobserving run of the LIGO/VIRGO gravitational-wave observatories in $2019-2020$and its ongoing preparation for the forthcoming fourth observational campaign(O4). Additionally, we review the potential of GRANDMA for the discovery andfollow-up of other types of astronomical transients.<br

Carfilzomib and dexamethasone versus bortezomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): And randomised, phase 3, open-label, multicentre study

Background: Bortezomib with dexamethasone is a standard treatment option for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Carfilzomib with dexamethasone has shown promising activity in patients in this disease setting. The aim of this study was to compare the combination of carfilzomib and dexamethasone with bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Methods: In this randomised, phase 3, open-label, multicentre study, patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had one to three previous treatments were randomly assigned (1:1) using a blocked randomisation scheme (block size of four) to receive carfilzomib with dexamethasone (carfilzomib group) or bortezomib with dexamethasone (bortezomib group). Randomisation was stratified by previous proteasome inhibitor therapy, previous lines of treatment, International Staging System stage, and planned route of bortezomib administration if randomly assigned to bortezomib with dexamethasone. Patients received treatment until progression with carfilzomib (20 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2 of cycle 1; 56 mg/m2 thereafter; 30 min intravenous infusion) and dexamethasone (20 mg oral or intravenous infusion) or bortezomib (1·3 mg/m2; intravenous bolus or subcutaneous injection) and dexamethasone (20 mg oral or intravenous infusion). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. All participants who received at least one dose of study drug were included in the safety analyses. The study is ongoing but not enrolling participants; results for the interim analysis of the primary endpoint are presented. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01568866. Findings: Between June 20, 2012, and June 30, 2014, 929 patients were randomly assigned (464 to the carfilzomib group; 465 to the bortezomib group). Median follow-up was 11·9 months (IQR 9·3-16·1) in the carfilzomib group and 11·1 months (8·2-14·3) in the bortezomib group. Median progression-free survival was 18·7 months (95% CI 15·6-not estimable) in the carfilzomib group versus 9·4 months (8·4-10·4) in the bortezomib group at a preplanned interim analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 0·53 [95% CI 0·44-0·65]; p<0·0001). On-study death due to adverse events occurred in 18 (4%) of 464 patients in the carfilzomib group and in 16 (3%) of 465 patients in the bortezomib group. Serious adverse events were reported in 224 (48%) of 463 patients in the carfilzomib group and in 162 (36%) of 456 patients in the bortezomib group. The most frequent grade 3 or higher adverse events were anaemia (67 [14%] of 463 patients in the carfilzomib group vs 45 [10%] of 456 patients in the bortezomib group), hypertension (41 [9%] vs 12 [3%]), thrombocytopenia (39 [8%] vs 43 [9%]), and pneumonia (32 [7%] vs 36 [8%]). Interpretation: For patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, carfilzomib with dexamethasone could be considered in cases in which bortezomib with dexamethasone is a potential treatment option. Funding: Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an Amgen subsidiary

Excized leaf water status as a measure of drought resistance of Ukrai­nian spring wheat

Drought tolerance of 24 Ukrainian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., T. durum Desf., T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum) genotypes was estimated by determining water deficit (WD), relative water content (RWC), excised leaves water loss weight (EL WLW), excised leaves water loss per area (EL WLA) in flag leaves of plants grown in a field conditions during Y2018 vegetative season, that was characterized by low precipitation and high temperatures. Field experimental plots were located near Dmytriv village, Lviv region (50°13´26.6´´N 24°36´50.5´´E) on the Chernozem on eluvium of carbonate rock soil. Wheat was sown in a randomized complete block design in four replications of 30 m2 plot area. The purpose of this study was to verify more reliably a physiological traits used for screening of the performance under the restricted water supply and to correlate the varietal tolerance with the final grain yield. Water status parameters were determined on the Zadoks 4.3 growth stage. Water deficit caused a reduction in the leaf RWC for all studied varieties. Differences in the drought response between T. aestivum and T. durum varieties were confirmed. The WD of flag leaves ranged from 18.0 to 37.8 % for bread and from 19.4 to 33.3 % for durum wheat varieties. The lowest WD (less or equal 20 %) has been recorded for bread varieties Kolektyvna 3, Elehiia myronivs’ka and durum varieties – Diana, Chado. High WD noted for the Simkoda myronivs’ka and MIP Raiduzhna. The low EL WLW and therefore higher drought tolerance was noticed for durum wheat varieties, namely for Spadschyna, Diana. Bread wheat varieties Simkoda myronivs’ka, Panianka, and durum wheat Zhizel’, Tera, MIP Raiduzhna and emmer Holikovs’ka varieties lost less water per leaf area (EL WLA). Past 3 biplot correlation analysis confirmed MIP Raiduzhna drought tolerance, and allowed to choose Zhizel’ (durum), Holikovs’ka (emmer) and Simkoda myronivs’ka (bread) as varieties with a high yield performance and drought tolerance. Bread varieties Bozhena and Dubravka, durum Spadschyna, Diana varieties were susceptible to drought in spite of relatively high leaf RWC. Thus, excised leaves water loss – EL WLW and EL WLA indices characte­rizing water-retaining ability of leaf tissues could be recommended as additional indicators of water stress tolerance. RWC as drought tolerance parameter is more applicable for durum varieties, whereas EL WLA 2–6 h for the bread varieties

Some general features of the Western Urals terrigenous deposits formation: Synthesis of U-Pb isotopic age data of detrital zircon and geochemical investigation of the sales and mudstones

The data on U-Pb-isotopic ages of detrital zircons from Riphean-Paleozoic and Early Triassic sandstones and geochemistry of shales and mudstones of the Western Urals are discussed. The ages of detrital zircons suggest that the sand material for sedimentary basins existed at the junction of the East European Platform and Urals during more than one and a half billion years, has been brought mainly from the platform. Tectonogenic sands (according F.J. Pettijohn and co-authors) as a part of the Western Urals sedimentary associations play a significant role only in Vendian and in the last third of the Paleozoic. During the rest of the time was dominated cratonogenic sands. According to clay rocks geochemical characteristics during the time from 1750 to 250 Ma, there are unidirectional trend in the composition of the erosion areas: increasing mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks which reached to maximum in Early Permian time