Influence of Early Low-Temperature and Later High-Temperature Diagenesis on Magnetic Mineral Assemblages in Marine Sediments From the Nankai Trough

Funding Information: This research used samples and data provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). The authors thank the Marine Works Japan staff at the Kochi Core Center for support during sampling. This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Science Research (grant 17K05681 to Myriam Kars), the German Research Foundation (DFG grants 388260220 to Male Koster and Susann Henkel, and 408178672 to Florence Schubotz), and the Australian Research Council (grant DP200100765 to Andrew P. Roberts). The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and Editor Joshua Feinberg for handling the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin, June 1970

Alumnae President\u27s Message Congratulations Alumni Association Portrait of Samuel D. Gross Officers and Chairmen of Committees Financial Report Progress of Jefferson 1969-1970 School of Nursing Annual Report School of Practical Nursing Report Emergency Department Patient Services Department Annual Luncheon Pictures Committee Reports Progress of the Alumnae Association Crossword Puzzle Missing Graduates Resume of Alumnae Meetings Minutes Class News Student Nurses Section Crossword Puzzle Answers Notice

The Lantern Vol. 4, No. 3, June 1936

• Dr. Omwake as his Friends See Him: A Letter from Dr. James M. Anders ; An Interview with Dean Kline • George Leslie Omwake, Educator and Churchman • The Story of Ursinus • Way Back When • Editorial: We Look Before and After • Reminiscences of an Ex-Storekeeper\u27s Daughter • The Tale of a Toper, or How the Little Stone Went Rolling • Book Review: May I Present? • Time Out, Please • Youth at the Crossroads • Of Candy Bars and Tears • Reflections • To a Star • It Takes Two to Study the Moonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1008/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern Vol. 4, No. 3, June 1936

• Dr. Omwake as his Friends See Him: A Letter from Dr. James M. Anders ; An Interview with Dean Kline • George Leslie Omwake, Educator and Churchman • The Story of Ursinus • Way Back When • Editorial: We Look Before and After • Reminiscences of an Ex-Storekeeper\u27s Daughter • The Tale of a Toper, or How the Little Stone Went Rolling • Book Review: May I Present? • Time Out, Please • Youth at the Crossroads • Of Candy Bars and Tears • Reflections • To a Star • It Takes Two to Study the Moonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1008/thumbnail.jp

Genetic and Pharmacologic Manipulation of TLR4 Has Minimal Impact on Ethanol Consumption in Rodents

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a critical component of innate immune signaling and has been implicated in alcohol responses in preclinical and clinical models. Members of the Integrative Neuroscience Initiative on Alcoholism (INIA-Neuroimmune) consortium tested the hypothesis that TLR4 mediates excessive ethanol drinking using the following models: (1) Tlr4 knock-out (KO) rats, (2) selective knockdown of Tlr4 mRNA in mouse nucleus accumbens (NAc), and (3) injection of the TLR4 antagonist (+)-naloxone in mice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreased food/water intake and body weight in ethanol-naive and ethanol-trained wild-type (WT), but not Tlr4 KO rats. There were no consistent genotypic differences in two-bottle choice chronic ethanol intake or operant self-administration in rats before or after dependence. In mice, (+)-naloxone did not decrease drinking-in-the-dark and only modestly inhibited dependence-driven consumption at the highest dose. Tlr4 knockdown in mouse NAc did not decrease drinking in the two-bottle choice continuous or intermittent access tests. However, the latency to ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex increased and the duration decreased in KO versus WT rats. In rat central amygdala neurons, deletion of Tlr4 altered GABAA receptor function, but not GABA release. Although there were no genotype differences in acute ethanol effects before or after chronic intermittent ethanol exposure, genotype differences were observed after LPS exposure. Using different species and sexes, different methods to inhibit TLR4 signaling, and different ethanol consumption tests, our comprehensive studies indicate that TLR4 may play a role in ethanol-induced sedation and GABAA receptor function, but does not regulate excessive drinking directly and would not be an effective therapeutic target., SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key mediator of innate immune signaling and has been implicated in alcohol responses in animal models and human alcoholics. Members of the Integrative Neuroscience Initiative on Alcoholism (INIA-Neuroimmune) consortium participated in the first comprehensive study across multiple laboratories to test the hypothesis that TLR4 regulates excessive alcohol consumption in different species and different models of chronic, dependence-driven, and binge-like drinking. Although TLR4 was not a critical determinant of excessive drinking, it was important in the acute sedative effects of alcohol. Current research efforts are directed at determining which neuroimmune pathways mediate excessive alcohol drinking and these findings will help to prioritize relevant pathways and potential therapeutic targets

Multi-modal representation of effector modality in frontal cortex during rule switching.

We report a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study which investigated whether brain areas involved in updating task rules within the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex show activity related to the modality of motor response used in the task. Participants performed a rule switching task using different effector modalities. In some blocks participants responded with left/right button presses, whilst in other blocks left/right saccades were required. The color of a Cue event instructed a left or right response based upon a rule, followed by a Feedback which indicated whether the rule was to stay the same or "Flip" on the next trial. The findings revealed variation in the locus of activity within the ventrolateral frontal cortex dependent upon effector modality. Other frontal areas showed no significant difference in activity between response epochs but changed their pattern of connectivity with posterior cortical areas dependent upon response. Multivariate analysis revealed that the pattern of activity evoked by Flip rule Feedbacks within an apparently supra modal frontal region (dorsolateral frontal cortex) discriminated between response epochs. The results are consistent with the existence of multi-modal representations of stimulus-response (SR) rules within the frontal cerebral cortex

Erk1/2 MAP kinases are required for epidermal G2/M progression

Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are often hyperactivated in human cancers, where they affect multiple processes, including proliferation. However, the effects of Erk1/2 loss in normal epithelial tissue, the setting of most extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)–associated neoplasms, are unknown. In epidermis, loss of Erk1 or Erk2 individually has no effect, whereas simultaneous Erk1/2 depletion inhibits cell division, demonstrating that these MAPKs are necessary for normal tissue self-renewal. Growth inhibition caused by Erk1/2 loss is rescued by reintroducing Erk2, but not by activating Erk effectors that promote G1 cell cycle progression. Unlike fibroblasts, in which Erk1/2 loss decreases cyclin D1 expression and induces G1/S arrest, Erk1/2 loss in epithelial cells reduces cyclin B1 and c-Fos expression and induces G2/M arrest while disrupting a gene regulatory network centered on cyclin B1–Cdc2. Thus, the cell cycle stages at which Erk1/2 activity is required vary by cell type, with Erk1/2 functioning in epithelial cells to enable progression through G2/M

Emotional reaction to diagnosis of infertility in Kuwait and successful clients' perception of nurses' role during treatment

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The unfulfilled desire of millions of infertile couples worldwide to have their own biological children results in emotional distress. This study evaluated the emotional reactions of couples attending a combined infertility clinic in Kuwait and successful clients' perception of nurses.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The first phase was by structured interview using two standardized psychological scales: the 25-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist and Modified Fertility Adjustment Scale. Data were collected from 268 couples attending the combined infertility clinic, between October 2002 and September 2007. The second phase was a semi-structured interview of 10 clients who got pregnant following treatment. The interview explored their feelings and perception of the nurses' role. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The average duration of infertility was 4 years; 65.7% of the women and 76.1% of men suffered from primary infertility. Emotional reactions experienced were: anxiety in women (12.7%) and men (6%), depression in women (5.2%) and men (14.9%) and reduced libido in women (6.7%) and men (29.9%). Also in men, 14.9% experienced premature ejaculation, 5.2% weak ejaculation and 7.9% had impotence although 4.9% were transient. In the semi-structured interviews, the emotions expressed were similar and in addition to anger, feelings of devastation, powerlessness, sense of failure and frustration. In the survey, 12.7% of the men were found to show more anxiety than women (6%). Although all the 10 women interviewed confirmed they were anxious; only 4 of their partners were reported to be sad or anxious. Successful clients' perception of nurses' roles included nurses carrying out basic nursing procedures, communicating, educating about investigative and treatment procedures, providing emotional support by listening, encouraging, reassuring and being empathetic.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study illuminates the emotional reactions of infertile clients. Fertility nurses in Kuwait can provide emotional support through communication. The need for additional and continuous training for nurses employed in fertility settings in Kuwait is paramount.</p

Blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate RH5.1/Matrix-M in healthy Tanzanian adults and children; an open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human, single-centre, phase 1b trial

Background: A blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine would provide a second line of defence to complement partially effective or waning immunity conferred by the approved pre-erythrocytic vaccines. RH5.1 is a soluble protein vaccine candidate for blood-stage P falciparum, formulated with Matrix-M adjuvant to assess safety and immunogenicity in a malaria-endemic adult and paediatric population for the first time. Methods: We did a non-randomised, phase 1b, single-centre, dose-escalation, age de-escalation, first-in-human trial of RH5.1/Matrix-M in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. We recruited healthy adults (aged 18–45 years) and children (aged 5–17 months) to receive the RH5.1/Matrix-M vaccine candidate in the following three-dose regimens: 10 μg RH5.1 at 0, 1, and 2 months (Adults 10M), and the higher dose of 50 μg RH5.1 at 0 and 1 month and 10 μg RH5.1 at 6 months (delayed-fractional third dose regimen; Adults DFx). Children received either 10 μg RH5.1 at 0, 1, and 2 months (Children 10M) or 10 μg RH5.1 at 0, 1, and 6 months (delayed third dose regimen; Children 10D), and were recruited in parallel, followed by children who received the dose-escalation regimen (Children DFx) and children with higher malaria pre-exposure who also received the dose-escalation regimen (High Children DFx). All RH5.1 doses were formulated with 50 μg Matrix-M adjuvant. Primary outcomes for vaccine safety were solicited and unsolicited adverse events after each vaccination, along with any serious adverse events during the study period. The secondary outcome measures for immunogenicity were the concentration and avidity of anti-RH5.1 serum IgG antibodies and their percentage growth inhibition activity (GIA) in vitro, as well as cellular immunogenicity to RH5.1. All participants receiving at least one dose of vaccine were included in the primary analyses. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04318002, and is now complete. Findings: Between Jan 25, 2021, and April 15, 2021, we recruited 12 adults (six [50%] in the Adults 10M group and six [50%] in the Adults DFx group) and 48 children (12 each in the Children 10M, Children 10D, Children DFx, and High Children DFx groups). 57 (95%) of 60 participants completed the vaccination series and 55 (92%) completed 22 months of follow-up following the third vaccination. Vaccinations were well-tolerated across both age groups. There were five serious adverse events involving four child participants during the trial, none of which were deemed related to vaccination. RH5-specific T cell and serum IgG antibody responses were induced by vaccination and purified total IgG showed in vitro GIA against P falciparum. We found similar functional quality (ie, GIA per μg RH5-specific IgG) across all age groups and dosing regimens at 14 days after the final vaccination; the concentration of RH5.1-specific polyclonal IgG required to give 50% GIA was 14·3 μg/mL (95% CI 13·4–15·2). 11 children were vaccinated with the delayed third dose regimen and showed the highest median anti-RH5 serum IgG concentration 14 days following the third vaccination (723 μg/mL [IQR 511–1000]), resulting in all 11 who received the full series showing greater than 60% GIA following dilution of total IgG to 2·5 mg/mL (median 88% [IQR 81–94]). Interpretation: The RH5.1/Matrix-M vaccine candidate shows an acceptable safety and reactogenicity profile in both adults and 5–17-month-old children residing in a malaria-endemic area, with all children in the delayed third dose regimen reaching a level of GIA previously associated with protective outcome against blood-stage P falciparum challenge in non-human primates. These data support onward efficacy assessment of this vaccine candidate against clinical malaria in young African children. Funding: The European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership; the UK Medical Research Council; the UK Department for International Development; the National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre; the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; the US Agency for International Development; and the Wellcome Trust