British Stereo Photographers in Spain: Frank M. Good

Unlike French stereographers, who flooded the market with Spanish views, the most important British publishers and photographers rarely made Spanish views. Quite possibly this was precisely because of the rapid market penetration of the French, such as Gaudin, Ferrier and others, and in spite of the leading British photographic houses, such as Frith or George W. Wilson, also wanting to include Spanish views in their catalogues. The photographer Frank Good would be the only British photographic editor to make a collection of some importance of Spanish stereoscopic views during the first decades of the history of photography, visiting and photographing the cities of San Sebastian, Zaragoza, Barcelona, Tarragona, Valencia, Seville and Cordoba. About one hundred views, of which more than half are of Cordoba and Seville, do not include, strangely, cities such as Madrid, Toledo and Granada

Source energy spectra from demodulation of solar particle data by interplanetary and coronal transport

The data on source energy spectra of solar cosmic rays (SCR), i.e. the data on the spectrum form and on the absolute SCR are of interest for three reasons: (1) the SCR contain the energy comparable to the total energy of electromagnetic flare radiation (less than or equal to 10 to the 32nd power ergs); (2) the source spectrum form indicates a possible acceleration mechanism (or mechanism); and (3) the accelerated particles are efficiently involved in nuclear electromagnetic and plasma processes in the solar atmosphere. Therefore, the data on SCR source spectra are necessary for a theoretical description of the processes mentioned and for the formulation of the consistent flare model. Below it is attempted to sound solar particle sources by means of SCR energy spectrum obtained near the Sun, at the level of the roots of the interplanetary field lines in the upper solar corona. Data from approx. 60 solar proton events (SPE) between 1956-1981. These data were obtained mainly by the interplanetary demodulation of observed fluxes near the Earth. Further, a model of coronal azimuthal transport is used to demodulate those spectra, and to obtain the source energy spectra

Interplay between the magnetic anisotropy contributions of Cobalt nanowires

We report on the magnetic properties and the crystallographic structure of the cobalt nanowire arrays as a function of their nanoscale dimensions. X-ray diffraction measurements show the appearance of an in-plane HCP-Co phase for nanowires with 50 nm diameter, suggesting a partial reorientation of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy axis along the membrane plane with increasing pore diameter. No significant changes in the magnetic behavior of the nanowire system are observed with decreasing temperature, indicating that the effective magnetoelastic anisotropy does not play a dominant role in the remagnetization processes of individual nanowires. An enhancement of the total magnetic anisotropy is found at room temperature with a decreasing nanowire diameter-to-length ratio (d/L), a result that is quantitatively analyzed on the basis of a simplified shape anisotropy model.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) Spanish data (Surveys and Fishery) in NAFO Regulatory Area.

The aim of this paper is to update the Spanish commercial and survey catches for the Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) presented González-Costas and Ramilo (2017). An analysis of the 2018 catches estimated by the Scientific Observers and NAFO Observers is also presented

Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) Spanish data (Surveys and Fishery) in NAFO Regulatory Area

The analysis of EU NAFO Regulatory Area surveys and Spanish Scientific Observers fishery data from Divisions 3LMNO show that Greenland sharks is not abundant and that this species appears in these Divisions sporadically and in depths of more than 300 meters. The surveys depth information is slightly different from that collected by scientific observers where most of the catches are at depths greater than 700 meters. Based on the Scientific Observers show that most of the catches of this species are mainly a by catch of the Greenland halibut fishery.Versión del edito

Depth Distribution of the Effort, CPUE, Proportion of Mature and Oversized in the Catches of the Spanish Fisheries in NAFO Area

This paper reports an analysis of the depth distribution of effort and CPUE of the Spanish fleet, as well as undersized fish proportions and mature rates in the Spanish catches of five different species (Greenland halibut, American plaice, cod, yellowtail flounder, skate). Data were collected by the Spanish scientific observer program in the areas NAFO Div. 3LMNO during the period 1996-2000. More than 80% of the annual effort is carried out in the strata of 600-800, 800-1000 and >1000 meters. The species with highest yields in these strata is the Greenland halibut. 10% of the effort is carried out in the stratum of <200 meters and within this the highest yields correspond to skate and American plaice. The proportion of mature fish in the catches depends on depth for Greenland halibut and skate, whilst for the rest of the species the proportions of mature fish are bigger and more stable. The percentage of oversized fish is quite high, bigger than 95% in all species and ranges of depth

Acceleration of the Surface Test Integral Using Vertex Functions

In recent years, many papers have reported on the efficient and accurate evaluation of the double surface integrals that arise in the Method of Moments. Most have focused on the careful evaluation of the inner integral and assumed that the outer integral is sufficiently smooth to be easily evaluated numerically. More recently, several papers have appeared where the double integral is treated as a whole using the divergence theorem. These papers show promising results, though their implementation may imply changes to the integration paradigm for the associated codes. Here, instead, we investigate a technique that improves the numerical evaluation of the test integral without affecting the treatment of the source integral. From the integrand of the outer integral, we subtract pairs of quasi-static, so-called vertex functions defined on the source triangle. The approach is compared to standard Gauss-triangle schemes to demonstrate its effectiveness