KONSTRUKSI PETA GENETIK KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis JACQ.) PPKS KETURUNAN SP540T DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MARKA RESTRICTION SITE ASSOCIATED DNA (RAD)

Construction of genetic linkage on oil palm derived SP540T was established in 2012-2015 in colaboration with PPKS, Indonesia with Neiker, Spain. DNA isolation was conducted in Molecular Biology Laboratory in PPKS Marihat meanwhile RAD analysis was performed in Laboratorio Biotecnologia Vegetal, Neiker, Spain. Genetic map construction was carried out using Restriction Site Associated DNA. A total 532 RAD fragments were applied to configure 16 Linkage Groups (LGs) which represented 16 chromosomes of oil palm. The map spans in 1269.9 map unit (mU) or 79.37 mU per chromosome in average and consists of RAD fragments which could be blasted to the DNA data base to identify candidate genes. Genenic map which had been formed is a fondation of constructing an IOPRI functional map (IOPRImap) when it is integrated with phenotypic data. The IOPRImap is expected to facilitate shortening oil palm selection cycle and defining a precise oil palm breeding strategy.Konstruksi peta pautan kelapa sawit pada populasi keturunan SP540T dilakukan pada 2012 hingga 2015 yang merupakan kerja sama Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS), Indonesia dan Neiker, Spanyol. Sebagian kegiatan seperti isolasi DNA dilakukan di PPKS Marihat, sedangkan analisis RAD dilakukan di Laboratorio Biotecnologia Vegetal, Neiker, Spanyol. Peta genetik dikonstruksi menggunakan marka Restriction Site Associated DNA (RAD Tags). Sebanyak 532 fragmen RAD digunakan untuk membentuk 16 kelompok pautan atau Linkage Group (LG) yang mewakili 16 kromosom kelapa sawit. Peta genetik sepanjang 1269,9 map unit (mU) atau rata-rata 79,37 mU per kromosom yang terdiri atas fragmen-fragmen RAD yang dapat dicarikan homologinya dengan sekuen pada data base DNA untuk mengidentifikasi gen kandidat. Peta genetik yang terbentuk menjadi dasar untuk konstruksi peta fungsional PPKS (IOPRImap) setelah diintegrasikan dengan data fenotipik. IOPRImap diharapkan dapat membantu memperpendek siklus seleksi pemuliaan kelapa sawit di PPKS dan membantu menentukan strategi pemuliaan kelapa sawit yang lebih presisi

QTLs for oil yield components in an elite oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cross

Increased modern farming of superior types of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., which has naturally efficient oil biosynthesis, has made it the world’s foremost edible oil crop. Breeding improvement is, however, circumscribed by time and costs associated with the tree’s long reproductive cycle, large size and 10–15 years of field testing. Marker-assisted breeding has considerable potential for improving this crop. Towards this, quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to oil yield component traits were mapped in a high-yield population. In total, 164 QTLs associated with 21 oil yield component traits were discovered, with cumulative QTL effects increasing in tandem with the number of QTL markers and matching the QT+ alleles for each trait. The QTLs confirmed all traits to be polygenic, with many genes of individual small effects on independent loci, but epistatic interactions are not ruled out. Furthermore, several QTLs maybe pleiotropic as suggested by QTL clustering of inter-related traits on almost all linkage groups. Certain regions of the chromosomes seem richer in the genes affecting a particular yield component trait and likely encompass pleiotropic, epistatic and heterotic effects. A large proportion of the identified additive effects from QTLs may actually arise from genic interactions between loci. Comparisons with previous mapping studies show that most of the QTLs were for similar traits and shared similar marker intervals on the same linkage groups. Practical applications for such QTLs in marker-assisted breeding will require seeking them out in different genetic backgrounds and environments

Estabelecimento e desenvolvimento in vitro de Eugenia involucrata DC.: influência do tipo de explante e do meio nutritivo

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985092Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae) is a forest species native to several Brazilian states which has several features of interest in the sectors of forestry, horticulture, environment and medicine. Considered the difficulty of propagation by seeds that are recalcitrant and lose viability rapidly after harvest, this study evaluated the influence of the use of apical and nodal segments cultured on different nutrient media on the in vitro establishment and development of this species. Apical and nodal segments collected from three year old plants kept in the greenhouse were inoculated in the nutrient media MS, ½ MS and WPM. At first, 1 µM of NAA and 5 µM of TDZ were added to the culture media, after the explants were transferred to flasks containing the respective fresh nutrient media in absence of growth regulators, but with addition of 1 g L-1 activated charcoal, and cultured for 30 additional days. The ½ MS is most suitable for the in vitro establishment and development of apical segments while media ½ MS and WPM are appropriate for nodal segments. The ½ MS enabled the best results of rooting in explants, together with the WPM, however, the first is more appropriate because it is more economical and more practical. The in vitro establishment and rooting is made possible by the use of apical and nodal segments of E. involucrata DC. The use of nodal segments is more promising for in vitro culture of E. than the use of apical segments.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985092Apresentando diversas características de interesse nos setores da silvicultura, fruticultura, meio ambiente e medicinal, Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae) é uma espécie florestal nativa de vários Estados brasileiros. Considerada a dificuldade da propagação por sementes, que são recalcitrantes, perdendo rapidamente sua viabilidade após a colheita, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência do uso de segmentos apicais e nodais cultivados em diferentes meios nutritivos no estabelecimento e no desenvolvimento in vitro desta espécie. Segmentos apicais e nodais coletados em plantas de três anos de idade, mantidas em casa de vegetação, foram inoculados nos meios nutritivos MS, ½ MS e WPM. Em um primeiro momento, adicionaram-se aos meios de cultura 1 μM de ANA e 5 μM de TDZ e, após, os explantes foram transferidos para frascos contendo os respectivos meios nutritivos frescos, na ausência de reguladores de crescimento, mas com o acréscimo de 1 g L-1 de carvão ativado, sendo cultivados por 30 dias adicionais. Os meios ½ MS e WPM são adequados para o estabelecimento e o desenvolvimento in vitro a partir do cultivo de segmentos nodais, enquanto que, com segmentos apicais, é apropriado o meio ½ MS. O meio ½ MS possibilitou os melhores índices de enraizamento nos explantes, juntamente com o meio WPM. O estabelecimento e o enraizamento in vitro foram promovidos pelo cultivo de segmentos apicais e nodais de Eugenia involucrata DC. Os meios nutritivos ½ MS e WPM são apropriados para o cultivo in vitro de segmentos nodais de E. involucrata, recomendando-se o meio ½ MS pela economia e praticidade. Para segmentos apicais, o uso do meio de cultura ½ MS é mais adequado que o dos meios MS e WPM

IN VITRO ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF Eugenia involucrata DC.: INFLUENCE OF EXPLANT SOURCE AND NUTRITIONAL MEDIUM

Apresentando diversas caracter\uedsticas de interesse nos setores da silvicultura, fruticultura, meio ambiente e medicinal, Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae) \ue9 uma esp\ue9cie florestal nativa de v\ue1rios Estados brasileiros. Considerada a dificuldade da propaga\ue7\ue3o por sementes, que s\ue3o recalcitrantes, perdendo rapidamente sua viabilidade ap\uf3s a colheita, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influ\ueancia do uso de segmentos apicais e nodais cultivados em diferentes meios nutritivos no estabelecimento e no desenvolvimento in vitro desta esp\ue9cie. Segmentos apicais e nodais coletados em plantas de tr\ueas anos de idade, mantidas em casa de vegeta\ue7\ue3o, foram inoculados nos meios nutritivos MS, \ubd MS e WPM. Em um primeiro momento, adicionaram-se aos meios de cultura 1 \u3bcM de ANA e 5 \u3bcM de TDZ e, ap\uf3s, os explantes foram transferidos para frascos contendo os respectivos meios nutritivos frescos, na aus\ueancia de reguladores de crescimento, mas com o acr\ue9scimo de 1 g L-1 de carv\ue3o ativado, sendo cultivados por 30 dias adicionais. Os meios \ubd MS e WPM s\ue3o adequados para o estabelecimento e o desenvolvimento in vitro a partir do cultivo de segmentos nodais, enquanto que, com segmentos apicais, \ue9 apropriado o meio \ubd MS. O meio \ubd MS possibilitou os melhores \uedndices de enraizamento nos explantes, juntamente com o meio WPM. O estabelecimento e o enraizamento in vitro foram promovidos pelo cultivo de segmentos apicais e nodais de Eugenia involucrata DC. Os meios nutritivos \ubd MS e WPM s\ue3o apropriados para o cultivo in vitro de segmentos nodais de E. involucrata, recomendando-se o meio \ubd MS pela economia e praticidade. Para segmentos apicais, o uso do meio de cultura \ubd MS \ue9 mais adequado que o dos meios MS e WPM.Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae) is a native forest species to several Brazilian states which has several features of interest in the sectors of forestry, fruit faming, environment and medicine. Considering the difficulty of propagation by seeds, which are recalcitrant and lose viability rapidly after harvest, this study evaluated the influence of the use of apical and nodal segments cultured in different nutrient media on the in vitro establishment and development of this species. Apical and nodal segments collected from three- year- old plants kept in the greenhouse were inoculated in the nutrient media MS, \ubd MS and WPM. First, 1 \u3bcM of NAA and 5 \u3bcM of TDZ were added to the culture media. After that, the explants were transferred to flasks containing the respective fresh nutrient media in absence of growth regulators, but with addition of 1 g L-1 activated charcoal, and then cultured for 30 additional days. Medium \ubd MS is most suitable for the in vitro establishment and development of apical segments while media \ubd MS and WPM are appropriate for nodal segments. Medium \ubd MS enabled the best results of rooting in explants, along with WPM; the in vitro establishment and rooting were made possible by the use of apical and nodal segments of E. involucrata DC. Nutritional media \ubd MS and WPM are most suitable for in vitro culture of nodal segments of Eugenia involucrata DC; however, medium \ubd MS is recommended due to economical and practical features. For apical segments of this species, the use of culture medium \ubd MS is more appropriate than media MS and WPM

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis of palm oil fatty acid composition in an interspecific pseudo-backcross from Elaeis oleifera (HBK) Cort,s and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

IATE Axe 4 : Biotechnologie microbienne et enzymatique des lipides et des agropolymèresWe chose an Elaeis interspecific pseudo-backcross of first generation (E. oleifera x E. guineensis) x E. guineensis to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fatty acid composition of palm oil. A dense microsatellite linkage map of 362 loci spanned 1.485 cM, representing the 16 pairs of homologous chromosomes in the Elaeis genus from which we traced segregating alleles from both E. oleifera and E. guineensis grandparents. The relative linear orders of mapped loci suggested the probable absence of chromosome rearrangements between the E. oleifera and E. guineensis genomes. A total of 19 QTL associated to the palm oil fatty acid composition were evidenced. The QTL positions and the species origin as well as the estimated effects of the QTL marker alleles were in coherence with the knowledge of the oil biosynthesis pathway in plants and with the individual phenotypic correlations between the traits. The mapping of chosen Elaeis key genes related to oleic acid C18:1, using intra-gene SNPs, supported several QTLs underlying notably FATA and SAD enzymes. The high number of hyper-variable SSR loci of known relative linear orders and the QTL information make these resources valuable for such mapping study in other Elaeis breeding materials